Research Publications

Academic theses and dissertations are regularly published and widely disseminated in YUOE Journal, Monographs, Universities Research Journal (URJ), Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS) Journal, AsTEN Research Journal and International online Journals for sharing knowledge and contributing to the development of our education.

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research

No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
331 Theingi Win PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICA FROM THREE SELECTED CLAY MINERALS USING ULTRASONIC BATH In this research work, silica particles were extracted from Montmorillonite clay minerals. The clay mineral was collected from three different sites. Elemental analysis of the clay samples were determined by EDXRF techniques. The extraction of silica from three samples was performed by using various concentration of NaOH and HCl: 2 M, 4 M, 6 M, 8 M, and 10 M. According to concentration effect the optimum concentration was 8 M for NaOH and HCl. The silica was extracted from three samples for various contact times (1-8 h). According to time effect, the optimum contact time was 4 h. To extend the effect of inorganic acid, three different inorganic acids such as 8 M HCl, 8M H2SO4 and 8 M HNO3 were used. 8 M HCl was found to be the highest yield than other two acids. The silica were characterized by using EDXRF and FT IR analysis. EDXRF analysis is carried out to determine the chemical composition of prepared silica. According to FT IR spectra, prepared silica are identical to amorphous silica. 2019
332 Soe Tun Myaing ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY AND TREATMENT OF WATER FROM MONE CHAUNG STREAM IN SIDOKTAYA TOWNSHIP In this research work, three water samples from Mone Chaung stream were collected to assess the water quality in January, 2018. Three sampling sites, Site-1 (Le Pyin Su), Site-2 (Nyaung Aing) and Site-3 (Auk Pon) were selected in Mone Chaung stream, Sidoktaya Township. The physicochemical properties of all water samples such as turbidity, pH, total dissolved solids, total hardness, total alkalinity, sulphate and chloride were determined. Turbidity values (6.15 - 6.38 NTU) and total hardness (105 - 130 mg/L) were higher than the highest desirable level of the WHO standard. Moreover, the dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of all three water samples were also analyzed and BOD (92-115 mg/L) and COD (210-248 mg/L) were found to be higher than the CPCB standard. For the treatment of water samples, activated rice husk charcoal was used. After treatment, physicochemical properties of the water samples were found to decrease. Before and after treatment, the heavy toxic metal, lead was also determined by using complexometric titration. More than 82 % of lead was removed after treatment with activated rice husk charcoal for 3 weeks. 2019
333 Tu Tu Wai INVESTIGATION ON THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF LEAVES OF Cinnamomum tamala F. Nees. (Karaway) Cinnamomum tamala F. Nees. (Karaway) is a small tree within the Laurace ae family. The qualitative phytochemical screening of Karaway leaves was performed by using standard methods. Karaway leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, phenolic compounds, sapponins, tannins, glycosides and carbohydrates but showed the absence of steroids and reducing sugars. The mineral elements of Karaway leaves were analyzed by using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) Spectrometer. Thirteen minerals were found in Karaway leaves. Antimicrobial activities of various crude extracts of karaway leaves were tested by agar well diffusion method on six selected organisms, such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilus, Candida albicans and E. coli. All of the crude extracts showed low activities on all tested organisms except methanol crude extract. And the essential oil of Karaway leaves was extracted by steam distillation method. The yield percent of essential oil was found to be 1.07 %. Antimicrobial activities of essential oil were also tested by agar well diffusion method on the six selected organisms. The essential oil of Karaway leaves responded high activities on five tested organisms but showed medium activities on Bacillus pumilus. The chemical constituents of essential oil were determined by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry, GC-MS. In total, twenty components (99.99 % of essential oil) were identified with different area ratios. Linalool was the main component, the highest area ratio (35.04 %). The components of significant occurrence in the oil were trans-cinnamaldehyde (28.88 %), benzaldehyde (10.76 %), cinnamyl acetate (7.81%), D-limonene (3.70 %), eucalyptol (2.81 %), hydrocinnamaldehyde (1.36 %), 2-methylcumarone and geraniol (1.11 %) and estragole (1.08 %). 2019
334 Thida Kyaw SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING LEAVES OF THREE PLANTS FROM FABACEAE FAMILY In the present study, the leaves of Sesbania grandflora (L.) Poir, Senna siamea (Lam.) Irwin & Barney and Tamarindus indica L. were collected from Yadanabon University Campus, Amarapura Township, Mandalay Region, Myanmar. Firstly, preliminary detection of phytochemical compounds present in three kinds of leaves were carried out. This phytochemical dectection gave rise to positive tests for alkaloid, phenolic, polyphenol, steroid and saponin. The mineral content of three kinds of leaves sample were analyzed by using EDXRF (Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence) spectroscopy. The green synthesis was done by using the aqueous solution of Sesbania grandflora (L.), Senna siamea (Lam.) and Tamarindus indica L. and AgNO3. Silver was particular interest for this process due to its evocative physical and chemical properties. A fixed ratio of plant extract to metal ion was prepared and the colour change was observed which proved the formation of nanoparticles. The size distribution of nanoparticles, surface and morphological features of synthesized silver nanoparticles were studied by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Moreover, the crystal size and crystalline nature of synthesized silver nanoparticles were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Finally, the prepared silver nanoparticles were found to possess antibacterial activities on six selected microorganisms by agar-well diffusion method. 2019
335 Cho Cho Nyein IMPACT OF GAMMA RADIATION ON FERMENTED PRAWN (Metapenaeus cojuntus) This research focuses on the food preservation by irradiating of fermented prawn. The prawns were collected from Thanlyin market and fermented as home-made. This sample was irradiated with 3 kGy dose of Co-60 gamma source for 2:22:18 and stored in a dry place under room temperature. Non-irradiated fermented prawn sample was used for comparative study. Induced radioactivity of irradiated fermented prawn was monitored by using NaI (Tl) Scintillation Gamma Counter. Some nutritional values of non-irradiated and y-irradiated samples such as water (65.34 % and 65.09 %), ash (0.08 % and 0.11 %), protein (16.00 % and 17.30 %) and fat (0.43 %and 0.52 %) were determined by analytical methods. There were no significant changes in nutritional values of y-irradiated sample compared with non-irradiated sample. The shelf life of non-irradiated and y-irradiated fermented prawns were studied by using microscope for seeking spoilage and pathogenic bacteria at room temperature. Shelf life of y-irradiated sample was found to be prolonged nearly two times than that of non- irradiated sample. From the monitoring of induced activity, there were no considerable activities above background. Thus radiation can be used for the shelf life extension of fermented prawn and is not harmful to health. From the observation of gamma radiation effect on microorganism and morphological tests were used to evaluate the unknown bacteria in y-irradiated sample. From these investigations, the populations of Cocci and Bacilli bacteria groups in y-irradiated sample were significantly decreased than that of non-irradiated sample. 2019
336 Kyi Kyi Khaing INVESTIGATION OF SOME BIOACTIVITIES, PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND NUTRITIONAL VALUES OF Byttneria pilosa Roxb. (Sat-le-pyat) The present work deals with the investigation of phytochemical screening, nutritional values and some biological activities of Byttneria pilosa Roxb. (Sat-le-pyat roots, leaves and stems). The plant was collected from Kyauk Taw Township, Rakhine State, Myanmar. The root of this plant is chewed or juice is tropically applied as antidote in case of poisoning. Paste prepared from tender stem with leaves is tied to around limbs for the treatment of fractured bones by the Khumi community. According to the phytochemical investigation, sat-le-pyat roots, leaves and stems revealed the presence of alkaloids, starch, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carbohydrates, &-amino acids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, terpenoids and steroids and the absence of reducing sugars and cyanogenic glucosides. The nutritional values of Sat-le-pyat plants showed that carbohydrate (66.18 %) and fiber (10.35 %) in roots, carbohydrate (52.55 %) and protein (17.39 %) in leaves and carbohydrate (46.11 %) and fiber (30.44 %) in stems were present as major nutrient than others. In the present chemical investigation, ?-sitosterol was isolated from ethyl acetate extract of Sat-le-pyat roots by applying column and thin layer chromatography. The isolated compound was identified by FT IR and physicochemical properties. The antimicrobial activities of PE, CHCl3, EtOAc, 95 % EtOH, MeOH and H2O extracts of roots, leaves and stems were tested against six different microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilus, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli by agar well diffusion method. The result of antimicrobial activity revealed that EtOAc extracts gave significant activity against all species of microorganisms (12 30 mm) but H2O extract exhibited low activity against all species of microorganisms (11 12 mm) except Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus and Candida albicans. The antioxidant activity of ethanol and aqueous extracts was determined by free radical scavenging DPPH assay method. From the results, the antioxidant property of aqueous extract (IC50=12.20 ?g/mL) was higher than ethanol extract (IC50=48.61 ?g/ mL) in roots. The antioxidant power (IC50) of aqueous extract and ethanol extract of leaves was found to be 15.09 ?g/mL and 19.59 ?g/mL. And also, the antioxidant property of ethanol extract (IC50=11.79 ?g/mL) showed higher activity than aqueous extract (IC50=29.34 ?g/mL) in stems. 2019
337 Myint Ngwe SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION OF GOLD CONTENT IN SOIL SAMPLES FROM LOCAL GOLD MINE IN TARLAY TOWNSHIP, EASTERN SHAN STATE Myanmar has large mineral resources of gold, silver, copper, lead and nickel. Gold deposits are abundant throughout Myanmar from Kachin state, Shan state, central Myanmar, Mon state and Tanintharyi region in the south. Locally owned gold mines have delivered some benefits to surrounding communities. The aim of this paper is to investigate on mineralogical characteristics of gold from local mine with scientifically. The gold soil samples were collected from five different sites around gold mine from Mong Lin, Tarlay Township, East Shan State, in Myanmar. Soil samples from the lower position near to the surface about 300 ft which contains the greatest amount of inorganic matter were focused. The natural moisture content is essential in all studies of soil mechanics and pH of a soil influences nutrient availability, toxicity, microbial populations, and activity of certain pesticides. In this study, physicochemical properties of all samples such as moisture percent and pH were investigated. Elemental analysis of minerals in soil samples were carried out by EDXRF. According to observation, iron and silicon contents were higher than other minerals in all samples. Minor microelements of soil samples such as Al, K, Sb, As, Mn, Cu, Ca, Zr, Zn, Se S, Ti, Pb, Bi were also determined. Qualitative identification of gold in soil samples were conducted by Colorimetric method. Gold contents in soil samples in different sites of gold mine were determined by AAS. 2019
338 Sandar Moe SMALLANTHUS SONCHIFOLIUS POEPP. (YACON) LEAF ESSENTIAL OIL: ITS PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY The present study focused on the extraction of essential oil from yacon leaf and its physicochemical properties as well as antimicrobial activity. Types of organic phytochemical constituents in yacon leaf were determined. The essential oil (0.283 %) was extracted by steam distillation using a Clevenger apparatus. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil was also assessed by agar well diffusion method. The oil was found to show low activities on all tested microorganisms, namely Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilus, Candida albicans and Escherechia coil. The essential oil of yacon leaf analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) indicated the presence of 3- carene,1-methyl-3-(1-methyl ethyl) benzene, ?-terpinene, D-limonene, caryophyllene,1-methylene-2?-hydroxymethyl-3,3-dimethyl -4? - (3 methyl but -2-enyl) cyclohexaneand 1-formyl-2, 2-dimethyl-3-trans- (3-methylbut-2-enyl)-6-methylene cyclohexane in the essential oil. Some physicochemical properties such as specific gravity (0.936), total acid number (2.805 mg KOH/g) and ester value of essential oil (57 mg KOH/g) were also determined. The present study thus confirmed the presence of essential oil containing mono and sesquiterpenes and the phenolic compounds in yacon leaf, which can be beneficial to human health as a drug or a food. 2019
339 Aye Aye Tun CHARACTERIZATION AND REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM ALCOHOL DISTILLERY WASTEWATER BY USING CHEMISORPTION AND BIOSORPTION PROCESSES In this research, the characterization and the removal of contaminants from alcohol distillery wastewater from industrial zone in Mandalay Region was performed. Wastewater sample was collected from alcohol industry, Mandalay Region. Some physicochemical parameters such as pH, colour, total solids, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were determined. The contaminants from distillery wastewater were removed by using coagulants such as sugar bleaching powder, clinker, limestone and lime. The wastewater sample was treated with different dosages of coagulants. Then, the parameters such as turbidity, TDS and pH were analyzed. And then, the wastewater sample was treated with the effective dose of lime coagulant for various agitation times. Moreover, the decolourization of distillery wastewater by using coagulant such as Strychnos nux-vomica seeds and by applying microbial film method were performed. In microbial film method, four strains of two gram-positive bacilli and two gram-positive cocci were firstly isolated from wastewater of alcohol industry. These isolated bacteria were confirmed by standard bacteriological methods. The potential of isolated bacterial strains in treatment of wastewater were studied by applying microbial film methods. After treatment, the wastewater sample was analyzed by digital photo colorimeter (Model-312). 2019
340 Sandar Aung APPLICABILITY OF AAS, UV-VIS, GC-MS AND FT IR METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF MYANMAR COFFEE PRODUCTS Spectroscopic methods and modern techniques were applied to study the mineral composition and caffeine contents of five brands of Myanmar coffee products (Shwe Pu Zun, Nan Myaing, Suu, Premier and Mr. Coffee). Measurements of preliminary chemical composition of Myanmar coffee products such as moisture and ash were performed by conventional method. The relative abundance of elements in the coffee products was determined by EDXRF. The total contents of some minerals; (Ca, Cu, K, Zn and Fe) in solid samples were determined by means of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The content of calcium in those coffee products was found to be in the ranges of 232.50 –524.40 ppm, copper (0.04 – 1.00 ppm), potassium (425.80 – 832.80 ppm), zinc (46.80 – 75.80 ppm) and iron (0.10 – 0.93 ppm) respectively. Caffeine in Myanmar coffee products were extracted by solvent extraction method. By the extraction and recrystallization processes, the weight percentages of crude caffeine in those products (Shwe Pu Zun, Nan Myaing, Suu, Premier and Mr. Coffee) were 0.3268, 0.4012, 0.8704, 0.1128 and 0.7140 %. Those crude products were purified by acetone and the pure caffeine from those products was confirmed by UV-Vis, FT IR and GC-MS. 2019