Research Publications

Academic theses and dissertations are regularly published and widely disseminated in YUOE Journal, Monographs, Universities Research Journal (URJ), Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS) Journal, AsTEN Research Journal and International online Journals for sharing knowledge and contributing to the development of our education.

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research

No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
351 Tin Moe Swe SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES (Au NANOPARTICLES) USING CHITOSAN AS REDUCING AGENT AND ITS BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION In this study, the synthesis of gold nanoparticles from chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) by using chitosan solution as reducing agent. Gold nanoparticles were prepared by adding different volumes (1 mL, 2 mL, 3 mL, 4 mL) of 0.001M HAuCl4 solution to various concentrations of chitosan solution (1 % and 0.5 % w/v). The existence of nanoparticles in colloidal solution was confirmed by Tyndall effect. The characteristic maximum absorption peak at 520 nm in UV spectrum showed the existence of gold nanoparticles. The antimicrobial activity of prepared gold nanoparticles were carried out. Among them the sample prepared from 1 % w/v chitosan and 4 mL 0.001M HAuCl4 was found to be active agent to all tested microorganisms. The synthesized gold nanoparticles was characterized by XRD, SEM, FT IR and EDXRF. XRD analysis of gold nanoparticles in colloidal solution showed the crystalline nature. From the SEM micrograph, the prepared gold nanoparticles were spherical shape. The relative abundance of gold in the prepared sample was investigated by EDXRF. The prepared gold nanoparticles was applied for the treatment of burn wound healing. 2019
352 Mi Mi Lay SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GROUND WATER FROM HINTHADA AND ZALUNTOWNSHIPS AND REMOVAL OF LEAD TOXIC METAL BY KYAUK PATAUNG KAOLIN This research work is focused on the determination of physicochemical properties of ground water collected from Hinthada and Zalun townships, Ayeyarwady Region, and Pb(II) ion in model solution and groundwater sample (3) were removed. Water samples: sample (1) from No.512, Myopart Street, Kanaungsu, sample (2) from No.1, Yankin Street, Kanaungsu, sample (3) from Lain Knoe Village, sample (4) from Lain Knoe Village, sample (5) from Htan Hnint Pin, Dar Sin Gaung Village from Hinthada, sample (6) from Yay Kyaw middle school, sample (7) from Hospital Street and sample (8) from General Administration Office of Zalun were collected. The physicochemical parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, alkalinity, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphate, temperature, turbidity, and total dissolved solid of the collected water samples were determined. In this research, removal of Pb(II) ion from model solution by KPT Kaolin was studied by effect of contact time, effect of dosage, effect of pH and effect of concentration of metal ion solution. Sorption of Pb(II) ion by Kaolin clay sample was very fast and then adsorbed ion was slowly release into the solution. After 24 h, the adsorption process reached equilibrium. The optimum pH 6.5 observed while 96.3 % Pb(II) was removed. The Pb(II) ion sorption efficiency increased with increasing dosage of Kaolin sample. The sorption efficiency become decreased as the concentration of metal ions increased and the sorption site decrease. It was found that, the removal percent of Pb(II) ions was 90 %. 2019
353 Latt Latt Aung COMPARISON OF THE PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC PEANUT HULLS (RED AND WHITE) BY USING ORGANIC DYE This research work deals with the prepared magnetic peanut hulls used for investigation of colour removal efficiency. Peanut hulls (red and white) and prepared magnetic peanut hulls (red and white) were characterized by using EDXRF, FT IR and SEM techniques. The composition of the magnetic peanut hulls which was determined by EDXRF, showed that calcium and iron were the main component in the peanut hulls. FT IR spectra showed the presence of ionizable groups such as carboxyl, carbonyl and hydroxyl in both magnetic peanut hull (red and white) samples. SEM micrographs indicated the porous nature of the surface. Therefore dyes can enter the pores of the samples. In this research removal percent of methylene blue(MB, a cationic dye) by prepared magnetic peanut hulls (red and white) were studied in terms of contact times, concentrations, dosages, pH, stirring speeds and temperatures. The highest removal efficiency of MB by magnetic peanut hulls red (97.55 %) and white (96.86 %) were found at 120 min of contact times. The optimum concentration of MB was 20 ppm for the colour removal by both sample red (97.55 %) and white (96.86 %). The optimum dosages of both samples were observed to be 0.2 g. The optimum pH value for removal efficiencies of both samples were observed as pH 7. The optimum stirring speed and temperature were observed to be 200 rpm and 30 for both red and white magnetic peanut hulls samples. Magnetic peanut hulls (red) showed higher colour removal efficiencies than white sample. 2019
354 Phyu Phyu Zan ASSESSMENT OF TUBE WELL WATER AND RESERVOIR FROM THANLYIN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY CAMPUS In the present work, the tube well water samples were collected from two different sampling sites of Thanlyin Technological University Campus in the months of July and December, 2016. The collected water samples were tube well water from Information Technology (IT) hall as sample (S1), tube well water in the Campus and reservoir as sample (S2). Determination of some physicochemical properties such as temperature, turbidity, conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, PO4-P, NO2-N, NH3-N, DO, BOD, COD, chloride and sulphate of all water samples were carried out by conventional methods. The contaminations of trace metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Ca, Cu, Mg, Cr, Mn and Hg) in all water samples were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Some microorganism were determined by Standard Plate Account and Most Probable Number method. The values of temperature, turbidity, total alkalinity, total hardness, TDS, TSS, conductivity, total phosphate, total nitrate, chloride, sulphate, COD and BOD of collected water samples were found to be lower than the EPA standard values. The trace elements of all water samples were found to be lower than EPA standard values. All water samples were not polluted but it can be used for cooking, bathing and other activities. However, It is safe for drinking purpose only after suitable treatment of water. 2019
355 Aye Myat Maw A STUDY ON THE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF POLYPYRROLE-BENTONITE COMPOSITES The main aim of the research work is to study the dielectric properties of the prepared polypyrrole-bentonite composites. Firstly, polypyrrole was prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in aqueous medium using ferric chloride as an oxidant. Bentonite clay as filler was collected from Ta Da U Township, Mandalay Region. The polypyrrole-bentonite composites were prepared by various w/v ratios of pure bentonite/pyrrole (1:3, 2:3, 3:3 g/mL) and designated as PPy-B 1, PPy-B 2 and PPy-B 3, respectively. The prepared polypyrrole was characterized by FT IR, XRD and TG-DTA. Polypyrrole-bentonite composites were also characterized by FT IR, XRD, TG-DTA, and SEM. Dielectric behaviour of polymer composites were investigated in the 1-10 MHz frequency range and at different voltages (6 V and 10 V) by LCR measurements. According to XRD, the sharp peak of bentonite in PPy-B composites was shifted toward lower angle with low intensity. SEM micrographs show that the prepared polymer composites have denser and more compact surface morphology with increasing amount of bentonite clay. It was also found that thermal stability of polypyrrole-bentonite composite was enhanced with an increase amount of bentonite clay. From FT IR, polymer-clay composites have the characteristics peaks of both polypyrrole and bentonite's functional groups. Dielectric permittivities decreased with increase in frequency for all composites due to the typical behaviour of dielectric properties. It was observed that, as the amount of bentonite in the composites increased, dielectric permittivities decreased while the dielectric conductivity of composites increased. 2019
356 Maung Maung Khin PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOCHAR FROM BAW-ZA-GAING (Leucaena leucocephela (LAM.) DE WIT) The aim of this research is to study the preparation and characterization of biochar which made from Baw-za-gaing (Leucaena leucocephela (Lam.) De Wit). Firstly, ash content (1.2 %), moisture content (2.65 %) and bulk density (0.85 g mL-1) were determined in the plant material. The biochar ( 17.64%) obtained was characterized by EDXRF, SEM, UV and FT IR. By EDXRF analysis, K, Ca, S, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr were detected in wood chips of Baw-za-gaing but Ca, P, Cl, K, S, Fe, Sr, Cu, Mn, Zn were detected in its biochar. EDXRF analysis showed Ca and K as the most abundant elements in both biochar and wood chips. Besides, Mn, Fe, S, Sr, Zn and Cu were found to be present in both biochar and wood chips samples, except P which was detected only in biochar. The porous structures of wood chips of selected plant materials (samples) and its biochars were studied by SEM spectroscopic techniques.Some organic functional groups such as aromatic ring, C=C, C–H, C–O, –CH2– and –CH3 groups, etc. , were studied by UV and FT IR spectrosopic techniques. The plant nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous were determined by chemical methods and that of potassium by AAS spectroscopic technique. The nitrogen content (3.10 %), potassium content (5.25%) and phosphorus contents (0.03%) were practically determined for biochar obtained from the plant sample. Elemental analysis of biochars was carried out by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic Technique). These were found that Ca, K, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Sr in biochar. 2019
357 Soe Soe Than ASSESSMENT ON GOOD HYGIENIC PRACTICES OF AMERICAN AND MYANMAR PACKAGED FOODS Food safety is an issue not only in Myanmar but also in the United States. Recall and market withdrawals of unsafe food products and safety alerts to customers by Food and Drug Administration, U.S. are well known recognized while Department of Food and Drug Administration, Myanmar takes action on some food products which adulterated with unpermitted chemicals and pathogens. Five types of packaged food processed in Myanmar and the United States were assessed for their nutritional constituents and hygienic practices. Physical and biological contaminations in packaged foods were investigated. Proper labeling of packaged foods was also studied. It was observed that American packaged food manufacturers described full information of product ingredients, nutritional facts per serving and claims while Myanmar packaged food manufacturers could not be able to include nutritional facts and claims. No physical contamination and no contamination of food borne pathogens such as E.coli, Listeria, mold and yeast were found in all American and Myanmar packaged foods. 2019
358 Nyein Nyein Khaing CHARACTERIZATION OF DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FROM WASTE CLAMSHELL FOR BONE CEMENT AND TOOTHPASTE FORMULATIONS This research was focused on the preparation of dicalcium phosphate from waste clam shells (Mercenaria mercenaria) and utilization of prepared dicalcium phosphate for bone cement and toothpaste formulations. Waste clam shells were collected from seafood restaurant Chanayethazan Township, Mandalay Region. The clam shell powder (calcium carbonate) was prepared from waste clam shells by washing, grinding, sieving and drying. For the assessment of the quality of clam shell powder, physicochemical properties of clam shell powder (color, odor, solubility, density, moisture and calcium carbonate content) were investigated. The clam shell powder was decomposed to calcium oxide by calcination at 1000°C for 4 hr. Dicalcium phosphate (monetite) was prepared with 1 M phosphoric acid at 75?C for 30 min with the stirring speed 500 rpm and 24 hr aging time. The phase, functional group, elemental compositions and morphological nature were determined to identify the purity of clam shell powder and prepared dicalcium phosphate. The prepared dicalcium phosphate was used in preparation of monetite bone cement and toothpaste formulation. A low compressive strength but very simple and inexpensive orthopedic monetite bone cement had 5 min initial setting time, 15 min final setting time and 2 to 3 MPa compressive strength. In the utilization of prepared dicalcium phosphate in toothpaste, the most suitable amount of processed dicalcium phosphate as abrasive for the preparation of toothpaste was 41%. 2019
359 Moe Moe Aye STUDY ON CHARACTERISTICS OF PROCESSED POONYIGYI FROM HORSE GRAM BEANS Poonyigyi is one of the curries in Myanmar meal. Poonyigyi has been produced in Bagan-NyaungU, Salay and Myingyan Environs. Poonyigyi can be produced by fermentation of various cooked beans. Beans were an important source of protein. Horse gram beans are grown mostly in Myingyan, NyaungU, Taungtha and Pakokku townships. The edible seeds are highly nutritious and are used for numerous culinary purposes and some medicinal uses. In the present work, poonyigyis was prepared from horse gram beans by cooking and fermentation. The effect of cooking, fermentation time, amount of salt and volume of water on the nutritional value of prepared poonyigyi such as carbohydrate, protein, fiber and ash contents were determined. Elemental compositions of beans, poonyigyi and beans residue were analyzed by EDXRF. Changes in physico-chemical properties of poonyigyi during storage were also studied. According to the results of chemical analysis, for (100)g of horse gram beans, 6L of water, cooking temperature 100oC for 5 hours (before fermentation), 12 hour fermentation time and 0.2g of salt were suitable for the preparation of poonyigyi. It can also study that prepared and commercial poonyigyi samples are close in organoleptic properties but prepared poonyigyi had higher nutritional value than that of commercial product. 2019
360 Phyu Phyu Khine OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION OF FISH (NGA-YANT, SNAKEHEAD MURREL) Osmotic dehydration is an operation used for the partial removal of water from food tissues by immersing in an osmotic solution. It has potential advantages of less heat damage, better retention of flavour and energy saving method to produce the food products. Osmotic dehydration of fishes (Nga-yant, Snakehead Murrel) were conducted by varying the process parameters such as types of osmotic solution, size of the samples, immersion time, osmotic temperature, and sample to osmotic solution ratio. The osmo-treated dried fishes were analysed with respect to their weight reduction (WR), solute gain (SG), water loss (WL), and dehydration efficiency index (DEI).Then osmotic drying kinetics of fishes (Nga-yant) were carried out by varying the drying temperature with different drying time. The drying rate constant, k for Nga-yant was 0.0073 min-1 with drying temperature of 80ºC. Physico-chemical characteristics of osmo-treated dried fishes were also determined. The total plate counts (TPC) of osmo-treated dried, osmo-treated sun-dried and sun-dried samples were determined. These results prove that the process of osmotic dehydration has an important influence on the reduction of total number of micro-organisms in the samples. The organoleptic properties of products were also determined by the 9-Point Hedonic Scale Rating Test. The results of scores from sensory test, it was considered that the products of fishes were greater than 7, thus the osmotic dehydrated fishes were good quality products. The morphology of sun-dried samples and osmo-treated dried samples were compared by using SEM micrographs. 2019