Research Publications

Academic theses and dissertations are regularly published and widely disseminated in YUOE Journal, Monographs, Universities Research Journal (URJ), Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS) Journal, AsTEN Research Journal and International online Journals for sharing knowledge and contributing to the development of our education.

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research

No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
341 Zar Chi Myat Mon SYNTHESIS OF LaCo1-xFexO3(0.1 ? x ? 0.4) NANOCRYSTALLINE POWDER BY CITRATE SOL-GEL METHOD Lanthanum based pervoskite type oxides are attractive materials due to their interesting optical, electric and magnetic properties as well as their potential applications. LaCo1-xFexO3(0.1 ? X ? 0.4) nanocrystalline powders were prepared by the use of lanthanum nitrate, cobalt nitrate, ferric nitrate as starting materials, citric acid as chelating agent and ethylene glycol as a gelification agent by citrate sol-gel method. The prepared samples were designated as LCFO-SG-I for LaCo0.6Fe0.4O3, LCFO-SG-II for LaCo0.7Fe0.3O3, LCFO-SG-III for LaCo0.8Fe0.2O3 and LCFO-SG-IV for LaCo0.9Fe0.1O3. The prepared LaCo1-xFexO3(0.1 ? X ? 0.4) nanocrystalline powders were characterized by modern techniques (Thermogravimetry/Differential Thermal Analysis, X-ray Diffractometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscope). The effect of calcination temperatures was investigated on LaCo0.6Fe0.4O3. From the XRD analysis, the single phase perovskite structure was obtained after the sample were calcined at 500 .C. It was found that LaCo1-xFexO3 (0.1 ? X ? 0.4) nanocrystalline powders were single pervoskite phase, good crystallinity and average crystallite sizes at 600 .C calcination temperature. From the TG-DTA thermogram of the prepared powders calcined at 600 .C, the weight loss percents of all prepared samples are very low and therefore they have thermal stability. Relative abundances of elements analyzed by EDXRF showed lanthanum, cobalt and iron as the major constituents in the prepared powders. From FT IR spectral data, as the organic groups were removed during calcination, the band observed between 1470 and 1390 cm-1 is due to C-H stretching of residual carbon. Only the stretching vibration of metal-oxygen bond in the frequency range between 599 and 406 cm-1were observed. From the SEM micrographs, the LaCo1-xFexO3(0.1 ? X ? 0.4) nanocrystalline powders have highly porous nature and agglomerates depending on the calcination temperatures and Fe doping levels. 2019
342 Ohn Kyi SYNTHESES OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES (GNP) AND CHITOSAN-GOLD NANOPARTICLES COMPOSITE BEADS AND STUDY OF THEIR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES This research work concerns with the preparation and characterization of gold nanoparticles (GNP) and chitosan-gold nanoparticles (CS-GNP) composite beads by chemical method. The gold nanoparticles (GNP) were prepared from chloroauric acid in the presence of sodium borohydride as well as sodium tetraborate used as reducing agents. The existence of prepared GNP in colloidal solutions was determined by using laser pointer by Tyndall effect and the synthesized gold nanoparticles (GNP) solutions were also characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy. On the other hand, chitosan beads were produced from different concentrations of chitosan (1 % to 5 % w/v) in acetic acid solution and sodium hydroxide solution (2 % w/v). The chitosan-gold nanoparticles composites were then prepared from gold nanoparticles and chitosan solutions (3%). The physical properties prepared chitosan beads and chitosan- gold nanoparticles composite beads were studied and also characterized by modern techniques such as FT IR, EDXRF, SEM and XRD analytical methods. 2019
343 Nan Yu Nwe PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODEGRADABLE CHITOSAN-CALCIUM ALGINATE COMPOSITE MEMBRANE AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY The pure chitosan membranes, un-modified and modified chitosan-calcium alginate composite membranes were prepared by using casting and autoclaving methods. All prepared chitosan composite membranes have smooth surfaces, highly transparent and pale yellow colour. The physicomechanical properties of prepared chitosan composite membranes were determined such as tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength. According to the mechanical properties of the pure chitosan membranes, 2 % (w/v) chitosan was chosen as optimum condition and 2 % (w/v) chitosan, 0.1 % (w/v) sodium alginate, 0.2 % (w/v) calcium chloride solution were the most suitable for preparing chitosan-calcium alginate membranes. Swelling behaviour and water uptake of these membranes were determined as a function of contact time. Then, modified chitosan-calcium alginate composite membranes were prepared by using various percent of glycerine as a plasticizer. According to the physicomechanical properties of modified chitosan-calcium alginate-glycerine composite membranes, optimum ratio for membrane preparation was chosen. It was found that the modified chitosan-calcium-alginate-glycerine composite-1 membrane showed tensile strength 34.2 MPa, elongation at break 30 % and tear strength 55.5 kNm-1. The characterization of chitosan membranes, chitosancalcium alginate composite membranes and modified chitosan-calcium alginate-glycerine composite-1 membrane were studied by FT IR and SEM analyses. From FT IR analysis, the characteristic absorption peaks of modified chitosan-calcium alginate-glycerine composite membrane clearly showed that the two polymers were blended. SEM micrograph of modified chitosan-calcium alginate-glycerine composite membrane showed more homogeneous nature. The antimicrobial activities of all prepared chitosan membranes were tested by agar well diffusion method. From these results, all of the prepared chitosan membranes showed effective and efficient antimicrobial activities. The biodegradable nature of the prepared chitosan membrane, chitosan-calcium alginate composite membrane and modified chitosan-calcium alginate-glycerine composite membranes were studied by soil burial test. 2019
344 Aung Lwin Oo PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS MADE FROM BAT GUANO, RICE HUSK ASH AND GROUNDNUT LEAVES Organic fertilizers are carbon-based compounds that increase the productivity and the growth quality of plant, and soil fertility. In the present work, the organic fertilizers were prepared using bat guano , rice husk ash, groundnut leaves with three different weight ratios of 1:1:1 (OF-1), 1:2:1 (OF-2) and 1:3:2 (OF-3) by compost heap method. Some chemical properties of the prepared organic fertilizers and the contents of macronutrients and micronutrients were determined by both modern and conventional methods. Organic fertilizers contained high amount of nitrogen i.e., 1.87 % , 1.44 % and 1.22 % and high amount of carbon i.e., 15.45 %, 14.80 % and 14.38 % in OF-1, OF-2 and OF-3 respectively. Low C:N ratios were observed in these fertilizers. Higher amount of macro and micronutrients were found in OF-1 than the other two fertilizers. The prepared organic fertilizers can be used as a substitute to inorganic fertilizers for the crop cultivation. 2019
345 Minn Saw Khine CHARACTERIZATION OF HYDROXYAPATITE-ALUMINA-ZIRCONIA BIOCOMPOSITES PREPARED FROM BIOWASTES (CLAM SHELLS) Clam shells are the rich source of calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonates of clam shells are converted to hydroxyapatite (HA) by wet precipitation method, and hydroxyapatite was successfully prepared from clam shells by wet precipitation method using Ca (NO3)2, (NH4)2HPO4, and NH4OH as starting materials. All of the carbonate phases in shells were decomposed to calcium oxide at 900 ºC after 6 h heating. The calcined calcium oxide were then treated with nitric acid and crystalized to form Ca (NO3)2.4H2O. To prepare HA powder, (NH4)2HPO4 and prepared Ca (NO3)2.4H2O in ammoniacal media was kept to Ca/P stoichiometry ratio of 1.67 to produce hydroxyapatite (HA). The prepared HA powder before sintering was characterized by EDXRF, XRD, FT IR and SEM. The nano crystalline alumina and commercial zirconia were then mixed with the prepared HA in acetone medium by wet mixing method in different ratios. The prepared HA from clam shells (30 %), Alumina (10 %) and Zirconia (60 %) was designated as CC 1 and the prepared HA from clam shell (30 %), Alumina (60 %) and Zirconia (10 %) was designated as CC 2, respectively. The prepared HA-Alumina-Zirconia biocomposites were characterized by EDXRF, XRD, FT IR, SEM and TEM. From EDXRF analyses, it was observed that CC 1 had the higher relative abundance of zirconium than CC 2. According to XRD analyses, CC 1 is smaller in average crystallite sizes compared to CC 2. Phase analyses were also carried out by XRD analysis. According to these analyses content percent of phase in CC 2 was matched with initial ratio of composition but it was found that CC 1 had Aluminium phase deficiency. Based on the SEM analyses, more agglomerate features were observed in CC 1 than those in CC 2. From transmission electron microscope (TEM), biocomposite in 3: 1: 6 w/w ratio of HA: alumina: zirconia was found to be nano scale 20 nm. CC-2 biocomposite was chosen for further study. 2019
346 Mi Myat Su Mon STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RUBBER LATEX CHITOSAN COMPOSITES The focus of this research mainly concerned with mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) latex chitosan composites. The physicochemical properties of natural rubber (NR) latex were also determined. In the preparation of rubber chitosan composites, various ratios of chitosan were used. The mechanical properties of prepared unfilled and filled chitosan in natural rubber composites such as specific gravity, tensile modulus (MPa), tensile strength (MPa), elongation at break (%) and tear strength (kN/m) were determined by standard rubber testing and compared to their properties. 2019
347 Aye Aye Than MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VOLCANIC MUD BASED GEOPOLYMER, BLENDED CEMENT AND COMMERCIAL CEMENT The volcanic mud sample was collected from Yauk Chaung Village, Kyaukphyu Township, Rakhine State and quarry dust from Loikaw Township, Kayah State. The physicochemical properties (moisture content, loss-on-ignition, specific gravity, fineness and pH) of volcanic mud and quarry dust samples were determined. The optimum conditions of sodium hydroxide concentration and the ratio of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate which were used in the preparation of geopolymer have been determined. The physical properties such as normal consistency and setting time and the mechanical properties such as compressive and tensile strength of the prepared volcanic mud-quarry dust based geopolymer (GP), blended cement (BC, GP + Cement) and Commercial cement (CC, Alpha cement brand) (1:1, 1:2, 2:1) at different time intervals (7, 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 days) have been determined. The compressive and tensile strength were found to maximum at 56 days for all type of cements. The prepared volcanic mud-quarry dust based geopolymer (GP), blended cement (BC, GP+Cement) and commercial cement (CC, Alpha cement brand) were characterized by ED XRF, XRD, SEM and FTIR. To determine the acid resistance, the prepared volcanic mud-quarry dust based geopolymer (GP), blended cement (BC,GP + Cement)with various ratios and commercial cement (CC, Alpha cement brand) are immersed in various dilute acid (10 % HCl,10 % H2SO4 and 10 % CH3COOH). After three months immersion in acid, the mechanical and tensile strength were determined. In acid condition, all cements have resistance to 10 % HCl and 10% H2SO4 but no resistance to 10 % CH3COOH. 2019
348 Tu Tu Wai MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PREPARED GEOPOLYMER, BLENDED CEMENT AND COMMERCIAL CEMENT The focus of this research mainly concerned with mechanical properties and characterization of prepared geopolymer(GP),blended cement (BC) and commercial cement (CC). Geopolymer is a new family of synthetic aluminosilicate materials formed by alkali activation of solid aluminosilicate raw materials. Rice husk ash and kaolinite based geopolymer had been prepared from rice husk ash which was obtained from Taungoo Township, Bago Region and kaolinite sample was obtained from Kyaut Taga, Kyauk Padaung Township, Mandalay Region. In this research work, prepared geopolymer, blended cement (GP+commercial cement) and commercial cement samples were characterized by EDXRF, XRD, FT IR and SEM techniques. Physical properties such as normal consistency and setting time and mechanical properties such as compressive and tensile strength of prepared geopolymer and commercial cement were studied. The normal consistency values were found to be 30 % for prepared geopolymer at setting time between 125 and 448 min, 28% for blended cement at 90 and 350 min and 28% for commercial cement at 95 and 240 min. The maximum compressive strength values of prepared geopolymer (GP), blended cement and commercial cement (elephant brand) were 38.36 N/mm2, 60.99 N/mm2 and 69.08 N/mm2, respectively, at 56 days. The highest tensile strength values for prepared geopolymer, blended cement and commercial cement were 198 psi, 243 psi and 264 psi, respectively. To determine the acid resistance, prepared GP, blended cement and commercial cement (Elephant Brand) were immersed in various dilute acid ( 10 % HCl, 10 % H2SO4, 10 % CH3COOH). After three months immersion in acid period, the mechanical strength and tensile strength were determined. Compressive strength of prepared, blended cement and commercial cement after treating with 10 % HCl were found to be highest. Tensile strength values of prepared (GP), blended cement and commercial cement after treating with 10 % HCl were also found to be the highest. Prepared geopolymer was found to be more resistant to acid than that of the commercial cement. 2019
349 Thin Thin Nwe EFFECT OF THE PREPARED COMPOSTED ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF CORN (ZEA MAYS L.) AND SOIL FERTILITY In the present investigation, the effects of composted organic fertilizers (COF) on the growth and yield of corn and soil fertility were studied. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of the composted organic fertilizers in a silty clay loam soil and laid out in Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with six treatments and four replications, grown with corn (Zea mays L.) in Einkyitaw village, Mahlaing Township, Mandalay Region. In this research work, the composted organic fertilizers were prepared by five different weight ratios (30 kg: 20 kg : 10 kg: 5L) (cow dung: corn stalk: kokko leaves: EM) for COF-1, ( 30 kg : 30 kg : 5 L) (cow dung : corn stalk : EM) for COF-2, (60 kg : 5L) ( cow dung : EM) for COF-3, (30 kg : 10 kg : 20 kg : 5 L) (cow dung : corn stalk : kokko leaves : EM) for COF-4, (20 kg : 20 kg : 20 kg : 5L) (cow dung : corn stalk : kokko leaves : EM) for COF-5, respectively. The treatments were: six kinds-T1 (control without fertilizer), T2 (COF 1, 14 t/ha), T3 (COF 2, 14 t/ha), T4 (COF 3, 14 t/ha), T5 (COF 4,14t/ha) and T6 (COF 5, 14t/ha). In all treatments, these fertilizers with same amount were used in growing corn (Z.mays). After that, during cultivation, determination of plant height and after harvesting, the yield components such as number of ear per plot, number of kernels per ear, and weight of thousand grains were measured and grain yield were estimated. Field studies showed that the yield of corn, T1 (749.30 kg/ha), T2 (950.84 kg/ha), T3 (1030.46 kg/ha), T4 (1181.93 kg/ha), T5 (1227.80 kg/ha) and T6 (1146.44 kg/ha) were obtained from treated soils and control without fertilizer. Among these treatments, T5 (COF 4, 14 t/ha) was able to produce the highest percentage yield of corn 1227.80 kg/ha compared with control without fertilizer, the lowest percentage yield of corn 749.30 kg/ha. The nutritional values of corn grains such as moisture, ash, protein contents and elemental contents such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium were also determined. These nutritional values of corn grains were not significantly different in each treatment. Then, comparison for all fertilizers treatment before growing corn and after harvesting corn were made with respect to physicochemical compositions of the treated soil samples. Physicochemical properties of soil (texture,moisture, pH, EC, organic carbon, humus, total N, available P, available K2O, exchangeable cations (Ca2+, Mg2+) and CEC) were determined. This application of composted organic fertilizers not only produced the highest and sustainable crop yield but also improved the soil fertility and productivity of land. 2019
350 Su Thiri Kyaw SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES BY EXTRACTED EUGENOL (AgNPE) FROM Ocimum sanctum L. LEAF (KALAR-PIN-SEIN) Ocimum sanctum L. (holy basil) leaves were collected from Hpa-an Township, Kayin State and verified its botanical name at Department of Botany, Hpa-an University. The isolation of eugenol from holy basil (Kalar-pin-sein) leaves was carried out by distillation method, followed by adding NaCl (to separate aqueous layer and organic layer), NaOH (to form sodium ion in place of H+ of its hydroxyl group), acidified by HCl (protonating eugenoate moiety that gives eugenol), adding Na2SO4 (to dehydrate at all) and separated by adding hexane to give mostly pure eugenol. The characterization of extracted eugenol was studied by TLC, UV, FT IR and GC-MS methods. The Rf value was found at 0.56 (hexane : acetone, 9:1 v/v) and it was UV active. The wavelength of maximum absorption was found to be 285 nm. It was soluble in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, methanol and ethanol but insoluble in water. This was also confirmed by the broad O-H stretching band at 3520 cm-1 and aromatic C-O stretching bands between 1200-1270 cm-1 in FT IR spectrum. GC-MS identified the prepared sample as eugenol definitely with strong molecular ion peak at m/z 164 accompanied by diagnostic fragment peaks which are identical with the reported spectrum. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by extracted eugenol (AgNPE) and characterization in association of average and single crystallite sizes calculation by X-ray diffraction were also studied. A cost effective and environmental friendly method has been carried out for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPE) from different volumes (8 and 10 mL) of silver nitrate solution (1.0 mM) as metal precursor. From indexing XRD patterns, it could be confirmed that the optimal synthesized AgNPE-8 and AgNPE-10 had face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal system because of the indices with all odd or all even numbers. It was observed that the average crystallite sizes of AgNPE-8 and AgNPE-10 were respectively by found to be 42.03 nm and 34.93 nm according to Scherrer formula. From the results, it could be deduced that the prepared AgNPE had the properties of nanoparticles. 2019