Research Publications

Academic theses and dissertations are regularly published and widely disseminated in YUOE Journal, Monographs, Universities Research Journal (URJ), Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS) Journal, AsTEN Research Journal and International online Journals for sharing knowledge and contributing to the development of our education.

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research

No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
301 Zin Thu Khaing ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES ON Picrasma javanica BL. (NANN-PAW-KYAWT) BY USING DPPH AND NITRIC OXIDE ASSAYS Picrasma javanica Bl. (Nann-paw-kyawt) bark is one of the well known traditional medicinal plants. Since it has an invaluable medicine purpose, the bark of P. javanica was chosen for this research work. This study was designed to examine the phytochemicals, mineral contents, antioxidant activity and total phenol contents of P. javanica bark. In the present work, the preliminary phytochemical tests revealed that alkaloids, ?-amino acids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, reducing sugars, saponins, starch, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and organic acids were present and cyanogenic glycosides were not found in P. javanica bark. The mineral contents (Ca, K, Si, Fe, S, Mn, Ti, Zn, Cu, Sr and Rb) of P. javanica bark powder sample were determined by EDXRF. Among them, the calcium content of this sample was the highest (66.904 %). A compound Des-4-methyl-19-hydroxyquassin (0.013 %, white solid) was isolated from chloroform extract of P. javanica bark. In vitro antioxidant activities of ethanol and watery extracts of P. javanica bark were also assessed by 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Nitric Oxide free radical scavenging (NO) assays. By using DPPH assay the IC50 values of ethanol and watery extracts of P. javanica bark were 23.28 ?g/mL and 17.47 ?g/mL respectively. And also IC50 values of ethanol and watery extracts of P. javanica bark were 271.80 ?g/mL and 105.28 ?g/mL by using nitric oxide assay. The total phenol contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent (FCR) method and watery extract (19.67 ?g GAE/mg) was found to be higher than ethanol extract (18.97 ?g GAE/mg). 2019
302 Hnin Yu Wai REMOVALOF METHYLENEBLUEUSINGACTIVATED CHARCOAL OF POLYALTHIALONGIFOLIO(THIN-PAWTE)LEAVES Removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solution is carried out using carbonized material prepared from leaves of Polyalthialongifolia (PL) commonly called as Ashoka. The dried leaves samples were carbonized at 150 C for 2 h. The carbonized sample was heated at 175 C for 1 h in muffle furnace to give the heated Polyalthialongifolia leaves charcoal (HPL). The activated carbon was prepared from Polyalthialongifolia leaves (APL) by chemical activation with ZnCl2 as activation agent.The HPL and APL were characterized by FT IR and SEM. Batch sorption study has been carried out to investigate the effect of various parameters such as initial concentration of dye solution, contact time and amount of biosorbent. It was observed that the dye removal efficiency and adsorption capacity depended upon initial concentration of dye solution, contact time and amount of biosorbent. The equilibrium data were described by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The resulting activated carbons were tested for their ability to sorb methylene blue in aqueous solution. The removal percent of methylene blue by HPL was 79.58 % and that by APL was 70.17 %.From Freundlich isotherm studies, the sorption capacity of HPL was 0.3716 mg g-1 and that of APL was 0.2773 mg g-1 for methylene blue and from Langmuir isotherm studies, the removal capacity of HPL was 232.55 mg g-1 and that of APL was 126.58 mg g-1 for methylene blue.The removal of methylene blue by HPL fits both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms better than APL. The sorption capacity of Polyalthialongifolia leaves as found from the result suggests it to be a non-conventional and efficient biosorbent for the removal of MB from aqueous solution which can be used for the development of clean and cheap technology for effluent treatment. 2019
303 Jue Jue Khin ASSESSMENT OF BRACKISH WATER QUALITY FROM LETKHOKKON AREA IN YANGON REGION, MYANMAR Eutrophication is the most studied form of coastal marine pollution. Eutrophic waters are characterized by excessive algae growth as a consequence of nutrient enrichments of coastal surface waters. In this research, totally 9 brackish water samples were collected from Letkhokkon area, seasonally in 2017. The aim of this research work is to study the water quality criteria of brackish water samples around Letkhokkon area and to identify eutrophication level of the studied area. Physicochemical and microorganisms investigations have been carried out by conventional and modern instrumental techniques and compared with the acceptable levels of ASEAN and EPA standards for human health and aquatic life protection. Sampling sites were recorded with GPS detector. According to the research, the eutrophic level (high nutrient-enrichment) was found in the hot season and the mesotrophic level (medium nutrient-enrichment) was found in the cold and rainy seasons. 2019
304 Pyae Phyoe Nwe SCREENING OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE RHIZOMES AND LEAVES OF Hedychium coronariumJ.Koenig (Ngwe-Pan) In the present study, the rhizomes and leaves of Hedychium coronarium J.Koenig (Ngwe-pan) were collected from Hmawbi Township, Yangon Region. The relative abundance of elemental composition was determined by ED-XRF method resulting the major mineral elements such as potassium, sulphur, calcium and phosphorus in the Ngwe-pan rhizomes and potassium, chlorine, calcium, sulphur in the Ngwe-pan leaves. In addition, the nutrient values of Ngwe-pan rhizomes and leaves were determined by AOAC method showing the moisture (13.08 %), ash (7.34 %), protein (3.36 %), crude fiber (14.81 %), crude fat (4.27 %), carbohydrates (25.17 %) and energy value (152.55 kcal/100 g) in Ngwe-pan rhizomes and moisture (13.89 %), ash (8.21 %), protein (7.46 %), crude fiber (35.42 %), crude fat (4.10 %), carbohydrates(12.93 %) and energy value (118.46 kcal/ 100g) in Ngwe-pan leaves. The preliminary phytohchemical constituents of both samples were examined by using the Test Tube method. According to the phytochemical tests, Ngwe-pan rhizomes and leaves extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, organic acids, phenolic compounds, reducing sugars, starch, saponins, steroids, terpenoids and tannins. However, cyanogenic glycosides were not found in these samples. The screening of antioxidant activities of Ngwe-pan rhizomes and leaves was carried out by DPPH method. Ascorbic acid was used as the standard. From the screening, among the extracts of rhizomes and leaves samples, the EtOH and H2O extract of Ngwe-pan leaves showed the more potent antioxidant activity than that of the rhizome extracts. 2019
305 Yin Yin Tun ISOLATION OF A BIOACTIVE SESQUITERPENOID COMPOUND AND EVALUATION OF SOME BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF STEMS AND ROOTS OF ALLAMANDA CATHARTICA L. (SHWEWA-PAN) This research focused on the screening of phytochemical constituents, nutritional values and biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-tumor activities of the stems and roots of Allamanda cathartica L. (Shwewa-pan). These samples were collected from Bago University Campus and identified at Botany Department, Bago University. According to the phytochemical tests, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, organic acids, phenolic compounds, saponins, tannins and carbohydrates were found to be present in both samples. The nutritional values were determined by AOAC method resulting 6.91 and 18.64 % of proteins, 2.04 and 3.04 % of moisture, 2.71 and 3.06 % of ash, 62.42 and 38.65 % of fiber, 10.33 and 16.15 % of fat in stems and roots of A. cathartica, respectively. By thin layer and silica gel column chromatographic methods, one compound, plumericin (1.51 %, m.pt 210°C) was isolated from ethyl acetate extract of the roots. The antioxidant activity of ethanol and watery extracts of the stems and roots determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity assay was found to be in the order of stem ethanol extract (IC50= 65.89 ?g/mL) > root ethanol extract (IC50= 110.46?g/ mL) > root watery extract (IC50>200 ?g/mL) ? stem watery extract (IC50> 200 ?g/mL) . The antimicrobial activity of PE, EtOAc, EtOH and H2O extracts of stems and roots were screened on six microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilus, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli by agar well diffusion method. All of the extracts from the roots have more pronounced antimicrobial activity with inhibition zone diameters ranged between 14 mm ~ 35 mm than stems extracts (12 mm ~ 18 mm). Among them EtOAc extract of the roots has the highest activity against B. pumilus. Antitumor activity of various crude extracts such as PE, EtOAc and EtOH extracts of stems and roots in different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5g/mL) and plumericin (10, 20, 30 mg/mL) were also determined on tumor producing bacteria by using PCG (Potato Crown Gall) test. It was found that EtOAc extract of roots, PE and EtOH extracts of both samples and plumericin exhibited the inhibition of tumor formation. 2019
306 Chan Myae Kyaw INVESTIGATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND SOME BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE BARK OF Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken. (GYO) Locally cultivated Schleichera oleosa(Lour.) Oken (Ceylon oak, Gyo) was chosen for the present study to investigate the phytochemicals and some biochemical properties of its bark.The preliminary phytochemical screening indicated that ?-amino acids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, reducing sugars, steroids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids were present while alkaloids was absent in the bark. The physico-chemical analysis revealed that the bark contained 2.14% of ash, 9.32% of moisture, 6.25% of protein, 22.78% crudefiber, 0.83% of crude fat and58.68% of carbohydrate. The elemental analysis carried out by EDXRF method showed some elements such as Ca, K, S, Fe, Sr, Mn and Cu were present in the sample. The extractable matters (% w/w)in different polarity of solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether were respectively observed to be 5.8, 5.0, 2.0, 1.6, 1.0 % (w/w) and water soluble matter was 3.6 % (w/w) in the sample. The ethanol extract was found to have higher total phenol content (158.67±6.76 mg GAE /g of extract) and total flavonoid content (190.0 ± 8.5 mg QE/g of extract) than the watery extract containing 148.32 ± 4.73 mg GAE/g extract of total phenol content and 143.33±7.8 mg QE/g extract of total flavonoid content. Six different extracts (PE, EA, EtOH, MeOH, CHCl3 and H2O)exhibited mild antimicrobial activity against some microorganisms, determined by agar well diffusion method. The antioxidant activities of ethanol extract (IC50 = 0.56 ?g/mL) and watery extracts (IC50 = 0.69 ?g/mL) determined by DPPH radical scavenging assay were higher than that of standard gallic acid significantly. Some crude extracts such as MeOH, EtOH and watery extracts exhibited the inhibition of tumor formation at the dose of 0.2 g/disc, determined on tumor producing bacteria by using Potato Crown Gall test.The ethanol extract (LD50 = 2.69 ?g/mL) and watery extract (LD50 = 8.85?g/mL) also showed significant cytotoxic effect against brine shrimp (24 h).Furthermore, ethanol extract possessedhigher antiproliferative activity than watery extract against Hela (cervical) and MCF-7 (breast) human cancer cell lines determined by using CCK-8 Assay (Cell Counting Kit-8). 2019
307 Kyaw San Min SYNTHESIS OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES USING Aloe vera LEAF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION The aim of this research was to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles via green routes using Aloe vera leaf aqueous extracts as well as via chemical method and to study its characteristics. In biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles, zinc acetate was used as a precursor and A. vera leaf hot and cold aqueous extracts used as reducing and stabilizing agents. On the other hand, zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized chemically from zinc acetate in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric /differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) techniques. The amount of yield percents of the synthesized ZnO NPs obtained by biosynthesis method were higher than those of the chemical method at the same temperature. The zinc oxide nanoparticles were observed as particles agglomeration studied by the morphology using SEM images and had hexagonal wurtzite structure with the lattice constants of a = b = 3.2511 Å and c = 5.2076 Å in average crystallite size about 18 ~ 19 nm, according to XRD analysis. FT IR spectrum showed the Zn-O absorption bands in range between 600 ~ 400 cm-1. TG-DTA analysis resulted the weight loss about 4 ~5 % of the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles at nearly 250 .C. Small weight losses of zinc oxide samples indicated the thermal stability of the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles. 2019
308 Kay Thi Tun STRUCTURAL, OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF PEROVSKITE LaCoO3 AND LaFeO3 NANO CRYSTALLINE POWDERS Perovskite based transition metal oxides has been focused since the last few decades because of its wide range of applications in the environmental catalyst, gas sensors, oxygen permeation membranes, electrode materials in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) etc. The aim of the research work is to study the structural, optical and electrical properties of perovskite type LaCoO3 and LaFeO3. These nanocrystalline powders were synthesized by citrate sol-gel method by using metal nitrates as starting materials and citric acid as the chelating agent. The dried precursor powders of LaCoO3 and LaFeO3 were amorphous and their thermal decomposition occurs stepwise upon heating to 600 .C by TG-DTA analysis. Pure perovskite type single phase LaCoO3 and LaFeO3 powders are formed after heating at 450 .C. The pellets prepared from calcined powders were sintered at 800, 900 and 1000 .C and crystalline pellets were characterized by XRD, FT IR, EDXRF, SEM, UV-Visible spectrometer and LCR meter. The XRD data confirms that the LaCoO3 has hexagonal structure with space group R3c and LaFeO3 has orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma. SEM micrograph shows that nanostructure and EDXRF analysis confirms that the all elements of the sample were present in good agreements with stoichiometric ratio. The optical properties of LaCoO3 and LaFeO3 were studied from UV-Visible spectrophotometer and the optical band gaps were also estimated by using Tauc’s relation. The band gap values of these samples are 2.10eV and 2.40 eV respectively and these values are lie within semiconductor band-gap range. Frequency dependence of dielectric behaviour of the two perovskite samples was examined by LCR meter within the frequency range of 100 kHz- 1000 kHz. Dielectric loss tangent and dielectric loss were found to decrease with increase of frequency. The ac conductivity was dependent on the dielectric nature of the prepared samples and it was gradually increased with increase of frequency. The resistivity of LaCoO3 sample is lower than that of LaFeO3 sample. The dc and ac conductivities of LaCoO3 are higher than that of the LaFeO3 sample. 2019
309 Kalya Cho SCREENING OF IN VITRO ANTIDIABETIC EFFECT OF CRUDE EXTRACTS AND ISOLATION OF SOME TERPENOIDS FROM TUBERS OF DIOSCOREABULBIFERAL. (HPWUT-SA-U) Diabetes mellitusis a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. The management of the blood glucose level is a critical strategy in the control of diabetes complications. Low-cost herbal treatment is recommended due to their lesser side effect for treatment of diabetes. In this paper, tubers of D. bulbifera having significant traditional therapeutic potential were tested for their efficiency to inhibit ? -amylase and ? - glucosidase. In vitro ? -amylase inhibitory activity of pet-ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol extracts as well as antidiabetic drugs, acarbose and metformin, were determined by starch iodine method and the 50 % inhibitory activity was found to be 172.50 ?g/mL, 62.50 ?g/mL, 65.00 ?g/ mL, 60.50 ?g/mL and 42.50 ?g/mL respectively. In vitro ? -glucosidase inhibitory activity was measured by glucose oxidase method and the IC50 values of acarbose, metformin, pet-ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol were found to be 35.75, 67.75, 137.50, 80.00 and 115.25 ?g/mL respectively. From ethyl acetate extract which revealed significant inhibitory activity on both enzymes, compounds A, B and C were isolated by column and thin layer chromatography and identified by modern spectroscopic methods. From these assessments, the isolated compounds were ß-sitosterol (A) (0.0412 % yield, m.p 139 °C), diosbulbin B (B) (0.0012 % yield, m.p 217 °C) and 8-epidiosbulbin E-acetate (C) (0.0210 % yield, m.p 225 °C). 2019
310 Hnin Htet Wai Nyunt SCREENING OF SOME BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES FROM LEAVES AND FLOWERS OF Melastoma malabathricum L. (NYAUNG-YE-O-PAN) The present study concerned with the determination of phytochemical constituents, nutritional values and biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, total phenol and flavonoid contents of leaves and flowers of Melastoma malabathricum L. (Nyaung-ye-o-pan, NYOP). The preliminary phytochemical results showed the presence of alkaloids, ?-amino acids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, organic acids, phenolic compounds, reducing sugars, saponins, starch, steroids, tannins and terpenoids in both leaves and flowers of NYOP. Some nutritional values such as the moisture contents (6.00 % and 8.00 %), the ash contents (7.53 % and 4.00 %), the fiber contents (13.81 % and 11.17 %), the fat contents (4.16 % and 2.44 %), the protein contents (4.55 % and 3.47 %), and the carbohydrate contents (63.95 % and 70.92 %) of leaves and flowers of NYOP were determined by using the respective methods. The screening of antimicrobial activity of crude extracts such as PE, EtOAc, EtOH and H2O indicated that antimicrobial activity with inhibition zone diameters ranged between 13 mm~25 mm in NYOP (L) and 13 mm~27 mm in NYOP (F). The NYOP (F) showed higher activity than NYOP (L). The antioxidant activity of ethanol and watery crude extracts of Nyaung-ye-o-pan leaves and flowers was investigated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The IC50 values of NYOP (L) watery and ethanol crude extracts were17.14 ?g/mL and 15.91 ?g/mL, respectively, and those of NYOP (F) watery and ethanol extracts were 35.39 ?g/mL and 21.95 ?g/mL. Since the lower IC50 values, the higher antioxidant activity of the samples occurs. Thus, the ethanol extract of NYOP (L) was greater antioxidant activity than that of NYOP (F) whereas watery extract of NYOP (F) was greater than that of NYOP (L). The total phenolic contents in watery and ethanol extracts of NYOP (L) and (F) were found to be 416.2 and 212.2; 320.7 and 195.9 mg of GAE/g of extract respectively. Among these, watery extract of NYOP (L) contained the highest phenolic content. The total flavonoid contents in watery and ethanol extracts of NYOP (L) and NYOP (F) were 88.9 and 114.4; 125.6 and 112.2 mg of QE/g of extract respectively. Among these, watery extract of NYOP (F) has highest flavonoid content. 2019