Research Publications

Academic theses and dissertations are regularly published and widely disseminated in YUOE Journal, Monographs, Universities Research Journal (URJ), Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS) Journal, AsTEN Research Journal and International online Journals for sharing knowledge and contributing to the development of our education.

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research

No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
281 Nwe Thin Ni A STUDY ON SOME BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND A STUDY ON SOME BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND A STUDY ON SOME BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND A STUDY ON SOME BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND A STUDY ON SOME BIOLOGICAL ACTIV In this study, leaves of a Myanmar indigenous medicinal plant, Eupatorium odoratum L. (Taw-bizat) were chosen for the investigation of phytochemical constituents andsome of the biological activities such as antitumor, antimicrobial, antioxidant and acute toxic properties. The phytochemical constituents, nutritional values and elemental contents were analyzed on the leaves sample by using appropriate reported methods. The methanol extract (25 ?g/disc) of the leaves sample was found to possess the antitumor activity against the tumor producing bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens isolated from gall tissues of leaves of Sandoricum koetjape Merr. (Thitto). The crude extracts such as pet-ether, ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts were observed to be more potent than watery extract in antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococus aureus, Pesudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilus, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli. However, the watery showed the antioxidant activity (IC50= 13.07 ?g /mL) higher than ethanol extract (IC50= 56.14 ?g /mL), determined by DPPH radical scavenging assay method. Both of watery and ethanol extracts did not show acute toxic effect up to 5000 mg/kg body weight dose on albino mice. From the separation of silica gel column chromatographic method, a bioflavonoid compound, 2´-hydroxy-4,4´,5´,6´-tetramethoxy chalcone(143-144 .C, 0.12 %) was isolated from the active pet-ether extract of E. odoratum leaves. It was identified by UV-Visible, FT IR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR, and EI-MS spectroscopic methods and also by comparing with the reported data. This isolated chalcone compound was observed to exhibit higher antioxidant activity (IC50= 9.69 ?g /mL) than the watery and ethanol extracts. 2019
282 Yar Zar Htun CHEMICAL KINETIC PARAMETERS BY TLC VIDEO DENSITOMETRY IN THE SYNTHESIS OF 4-FLUOROACRIDIN-9(10H)-ONE UNDER SONOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION The present work highlights the synthesis of 4-fluoroacridone by intramolecular condensation of 2’-fluorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acidunder sonochemical activation. The kinetic parameters of reaction synthesis were determined by TLC video densitometry. In the synthesis, the effect of sonochemical activation on reaction rate and kinetic parameters such as time, temperatures, rate constants and activation energies were studied. The experimental results of traditional condition and sonochemical activation revealed the different kinetic parameters. The results indicated that activation energy of reaction decreased and the reaction rate greatly enhanced in sonochemical activation. 2019
283 Thandar Aung INVESTIGATION ON SOME PHYTOCONSTITUENTS AND BIOACTIVITY SCREENING OF LEAVES OF Calotropis gigantea R. Br. (Mayo) In the present research, the leaf of Calotropis gigantea R.Br. (Mayo), Family- Apocynaceae, was chosen for investigation of some phytoconstituents and bioactivity studies such as acute toxicity, antitumor, and larvicidal activities. Acute toxicity of 95 % ethanol extract was studied with the dosage of 2000 mg/kg, 5000 mg/kg body weight in albino mice and no lethality was observed up to fourteen days after administration. The antitumor activities of PE, 95 % EtOH, EtOAc and H2O extracts were screened on Agrobacterium tumefaciens by Potato Disc Assay method and all extracts exhibited antitumor activity after 5 days and 7 days observation. The larvicidal activities (LC50 and LC90 ) of PE, 95 % EtOH, EtOAc and H2O extracts were investigated in the range of 0.0125 to 0.2 g /100 mL by Aedes larvaemethod. The lowest knockdown of Aedes larvae was found at the concentration of 0.0125 g /100 mL of H2O extract. The highest mortality rate (95.60 %) of Aedes larvae at the concentration of 0.2 g / 100 mL was found in the EtOAc extract. The lowest mortality rate (8.80 %) of H2O extract was observed at concentration of 0.0125 g /100 mL. Among the tested four crude extracts, EtOAc extract showed the highest lethal activity (LC50 = 0.0235 g / 100mL and LC90 = 0.1224 g /100mL). 2019
284 Thandar TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER SAMPLES WITH SEQUENCING BATCH BIOFILM REACTOR The aim of this research work is to prepare biofilm for the treatment of three industrial wastewater samples from dry cell battery factory, nickel plating factory and leather factory in industrial zones I and II, Mandalay Region, Myanmar by using sequencing batch biofilm reactor. Totally four bacterial strains were isolated from three wastewater samples and identified. Isolated bacterial strains were recultured on sponges that were used as biofilm in this study. Decolourization activity of sequencing batch biofilm reactor was studied and found to be 54.29% (after 72 h treatment), 74.13 % and 53.32 % (after 64 h treatment) for wastewater samples from dry cell battery, nickel plating and leather factories wastewater samples, respectively. The order of removal of metal ions from three industrial wastewater samples by using sequencing batch biofilm reactor was Cr3+> Pb2+> Cd2+. Some physicochemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of industrial wastewater samples before and after treatment with sequencing batch biofilm reactor were also investigated. 2019
285 Thinzar Aye STUDIES ON SOME PHYSICOMECHANICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF PREPARED CELLULOSE HYDROGEL FILMS In this research work, sugar cane bagasse waste (raw material) was used as a cellulose source which was chemically treated by sequential operation of sulphuric acid, sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite. The yield percent of the purified cellulose fiber was 32.31 %. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements were carried out to characterize the properties of raw material as well as cellulose fiber obtained from each sequential step. Cellulose fiber (1g) was dissolved in Dimethylacetamide /Lithium chloride (DMAc/LiCl) solution containing different lithium chloride concentration of 6, 8, 10 and 12 wt %. The different hydrogel films were obtained from above cellulose solutions of different solvent ratios leading to solid hydrogel in ethanol vapor by phase inverse method. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength, thickness, width, elongation, viscoelasticity and water content were measured to characterize the effect of LiCl concentrations on the resultant hydrogel films. Antimicrobial activities of cellulose solutions were tested for the purpose of using hydrogel films to biomedical applications. 2019
286 Aye Mya Nwe PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL-SILVER NANOPARTICLES COMPOSITE FILMS AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY In this research work, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by using green synthesis. In green synthesis, neem leaf extract was used as reducing agent. Silver nanoparticles (SNP) were prepared by mixing neem leaf extract and 0.01 M AgNO3 solution in the different ratios of 1:4, 2:4 and 3:4 v/v and the resulting silver nanoparticles were designated as SNP-NL1, SNP-NL2 and SNP-NL3 respectively. The existence of SNP in colloidal solutions was confirmed by Tyndall effect and UV-visible spectroscopy. The UV-visible spectrum revealed the formation of silver nanoparticles by exhibiting the typical surface plasmon absorption maxima at 415-420 nm. The silver nanoparticles after centrifugation of colloidal solution were characterized by modern techniques XRD, FT IR, SEM and EDXRF analyses. In XRD analysis, it was found that average crystallite size of SNP powders are in the range of 4.80 nm to 8.46 nm. From XRD analyses, all of the prepared SNP powders had the crystalline nature. The high intensity peaks of the prepared samples confirmed the diffraction faces of silver. According to the XRD spectra of all of the prepared SNP-NL, there was impurity peaks in the SNP-NL1 and SNP-NL3 but no impurity peaks found in the SNP-NL2. The crystallite size of SNP-NL2 was 6.93 nm. From the FT IR spectra of all of the prepared SNP-NL, it was observed that the stretching and bending vibration of residual organic functional groups from the leaf extract are present. SEM micrographs of all of the prepared SNP-NL showed agglomeration and larger particle size distribution. From EDXRF analyses, the main constituent element in the SNP-NL2 is Ag (92.384 %). The different types of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film were prepared by using different concentrations (1 - 5 % w/v) of PVA in distilled water. The obtained PVA films were designated as PVA-1, PVA-2, PVA-3, PVA-4 and PVA-5. According to the physicomechanical properties, the optimum conditions of PVA-3 film has tensile strength (31.7 MPa), elongation at break (241 %) and tear strength (155.8 kNm-1). The selected PVA-3 film was characterized by XRD, SEM, FT IR and TG-DTA analyses. The PVA-SNP composite films were prepared by varying the volume ratios of 3 % w/v PVA solution and colloidal SNP-NL2 solution. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared PVA-SNP composite films was investigated by using agar well diffusion method. 2019
287 Ei Ei Khaing ISOLATION OF METHYL PIPERATE FROM THE FRUIT OF Piper longum L. (PEIK-CHIN) AND ANTIBACTERIAL SCREENING OF THE CRUDE EXTRACTS AND METHYL PIPERATE The fruit of Piper longum L. (Peik-chin) used in the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery in traditional Myanmar medicinal system was chosen for present study. The aim of the study is to isolate methyl piperate from the fruit of Piper longum L. (Peik-chin) and to screen the antibacterial activity of its crude extracts and methyl piperate. At first, four crude extracts of the sample were prepared by using various solvents; petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, 96 % ethanol and 50 % ethanol. In vitro antibacterial activity of four crude extracts was investigated against 19 bacterial strains by using agar disc diffusion method. Among the four crude extracts, the most active ethyl acetate extract was selected for isolation of active compound by column chromatographic method by using the solvent systems (v/v) PE : EtOAc (19:1, 9:1, 4:1, 1:1 ) consecutively. The isolated compound, methyl piperate (0.084 %) was identified by TLC and spectroscopic methods; Ultraviolet, Fourier transform infrared, Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Electron impact mass spectrometry and then tested on 11 bacteria; Klebsiella species, Salmonella paratyphi A, Citrobacter species, Escherichia coli ATCC, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli YCH 149, Shigellaflexneri, Proteus species, Staphylococcus aureu sand Vibrio cholerae O1 by agar disc diffusion method. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methyl piperate determined by microtitre plate dilution method was 0.03 mg/mL on six tested bacteria; E. coli LT, S. epidermidis (MKL-50), S. epidermidis (MKL-68), E. coli EHEC, S. aureus and B. subtilis. 2019
288 Hnaung Hnaung Win PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OF MICRO-FIBRILLATED CELLULOSE FROM SAWDUST In this research, micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC) was prepared from sawdust of geland wood by three steps such as alkali treatment, bleaching and acid hydrolysis. The acid hydrolysis has been performed by two different H2SO4 concentrations (3N and 5N) whereas other conditions are remained unchanged. The physicochemical properties such as moisture content, ash content, particle density, porosity and water absorption capacity of sawdust and prepared MFC were determined by conventional methods. The bleached pulp and prepared MFC were characterized by EDXRF, FT-IR, TG-DTA, XRD and SEM spectroscopic methods. The relative abundance of elements present in MFC was obtained from the results of EDXRF. The oxidation reaction takes place during the preparation of MFC by using high concentrations of H2SO4 which has been detected by FTIR spectroscopy. The thermal behavior of bleached pulp and MFC were observed by TG-DTA. From the XRD results, the crystallinity of bleached pulp and prepared MFC was found to be 63.63% and 66.67% respectively. The films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and PVA/MFC composites at different mass ratios of PVA:MFC (1:0.1, 1:0.2, 1:0.3, 1:0.4 and 1:0.5) were made by using the prepared MFC as reinforcement. The surface morphology of prepared films was revealed by SEM. The physical and mechanical properties such as thickness, tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength and water vapour transmission rate of prepared films have been evaluated. 2019
289 Myint Myint Khaing PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BROMINATED POLYPHENYLENE OXIDE MEMBRANES In present research work, three different ratios of brominated polyphenylene oxide (BPPO) membranes were prepared by mixing with dimethyl form amide (DMF) as a solvent with the help of magnetic stirrer. The possible structure of membrane was determined by using Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT IR). In addition, the ion exchange capacity of each membrane was investigated by Mohr titration method. The resistance of the membrane was determined by Multimeter at the Department of Physics, Mandalay University. The morphology of the membranes was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The solubility of each membrane was determined by dipping the membrane in various solvents such as water, ethanol, chloroform, distilled water and sodium hydroxide. The characteristic peak C-Br of membranes appeared at 1018.15 cm-1 was determined by FT IR spectroscopy. In addition, the ion exchange capacity measurement informs that 45 % BPPO membrane gives 1.48 mmol/g which is in agreement with the anion exchange membrane (AEM) membrane that can be used for fuel cell. The resistance of the membrane was determined by Multimeter and 45 % brominated (BPPO) membrane showed the suitable resistance value of 6 M? before immersing in 1 M NaOH solution as well as it shows 4.5 M? after immersing in 1 M NaOH solution. Furthermore, the swelling ratio of 45 % BPPO membrane indicates that informs the more ion exchange group corresponds to greater swelling ratio and high solubility. 2019
290 Thin Myat Nwe ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ISOLATED PORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE COMPOUNDAND STUDY ON THE CYTOTOXICITY, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF THE WHOLE PLANT OF Corallodiscus lanuginosus (Wall. ex R.Br.)B In this research paper, Corallodiscus lanuginosus (Wall. ex R.Br.)Burttwhich is one of the Myanmar indigenous medicinal plants known as Pan ma o` was selected for the study on the cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity. The cytotoxicity of the ethanol extract of the selected sample was more toxic to brine shrimp than the water extract. The LD50 values of ethanol and water extracts were 380?g/mL and 423?g/mL, respectively. On the other hand, the EtOH and water extracts were cytotoxic to brine shrimp up to maximum dose of 1000 ?g/mL. The LD50 values of standard K2Cr2O7 and caffeine are 265 ?g/mL and >1000 ?g/mL, respectively. In addition, the larger radical scavenging activity to scavenge DPPH radical was observed in ethanol extract, which inhibited 50% of free radicals at the concentration (IC50) of 7.10 ?g/mL than the water extract which inhibited 50% of free radicals at the concentration (IC50) of 11.13 ?g/mL. Moreover, antimicrobial activities of the isolated porphyrin derivative compound were examined by using agar well diffusion method. The ethyl acetate extract of this porphyrin derivative compound responds high activities on Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilus, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli. 2019