Research List

No.	Researcher	Title	Abstract	Year
291	Lin Lin Naing	SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GOAT BONE-DERIVED HYDROXYAPATITE - ZINC OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION	Hydroxyapatite (HAp) obtained from the chemical treatment (HCl and NaOH) and calcination at 900 �C of fresh goat bone were incorporated with different amounts of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (5 % and 10 %) to give HAp-ZnO nanocomposites (20:1 and 20:2). These nanocomposites were indexed as hexagonal structure with equal length of a and b but shorter c. FT IR spectral data revealed the characteristic absorption peaks of , OH- and ZnO in HAp-ZnO nanocomposites. SEM images of HAp-ZnO nanocomposites were elongated crystalline structures with agglomeration of ZnO on the surface of HAp. The bulk density of the nanocomposites slightly increased and the porosity percentage decreased as the temperature and amount of zinc oxide increased. HAp and HAp-ZnO nanocomposites (20:1 and 20:2) prepared at 1000 oC showed no cytotoxic effect tested by brine shrimp assay. Orthopedic applications of HAp and HAp-ZnO nanocomposites were conducted by using Wistar rats. By X-ray diagnosis HAp-ZnO composites exhibited as a promising filler of bone defect. Histological findings showed that HAp-ZnO composites with ratio of 20:2 at 1000 �C group was found to be the best with the good scoring within 30 days after application.	2019
292	Thu Zar	ISOLATION, STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION AND SCREENING OF THE ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM THE STEM BARK OF Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr�a. (Ohshit)	Three coumarin compounds (1), (2), (3) and two alkaloid compounds (4) and (5) were isolated from the stem bark of Aegle marmelos, collected from Sagaing Region, Myanmar. The structures of these compounds were elucidated mainly by extensive spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR). The isolated compounds were screened for free radical scavenging activity using DPPH radical-scavenging assay. In addition, compounds (1-5) were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic activity against Hela cells. It was observed that pure compounds (1), (2), (3)(EC50>100 ?M) exhibited lowerantioxidant activity than ascrobic acid(EC50 27.5 ?M). The compound (4) (IC50 55 ?M) exhibited low cytotoxic activity against Hela cell lines while compounds (1) and (5) displayed very weak cytotoxic activity with IC50 value > 100 ?M.	2019
293	Hnin Yi San	PURIFICATION, IMMOBILIZATION AND APPLICATION OF UREASE ENZYME FROM PIGEONPEA SEEDS (Cajanus cajan L.)	Urease (E.C 3.5.1.5) was isolated and purified from dehusked pigeonpea seeds (Cajanus cajan L.). The purification method involved ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration and DEAE Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography. The specific activity, the relative purity of the enzyme urease was increased by 398 fold over that of crude extract. The purified urease enzyme was found to have the specific activity of 306.67 ?mol min-1mg-1 of protein. The purity of the enzyme was confirmed by non SDS-PAGE as single band. The molecular weight for purified urease was found to be 478 kDa (kilodalton). The immobilization of the purified urease was carried out by gel entrapment technique using sodium alginate. Determination of urea content in dried skate fish before and after removal by pigeonpea urease was carried out by using immobilized urease. After 66 h, 75.94 % of urea was removed from dried skate fish.	2019
294	Myat Sandar Hla	PRE- AND POST- MONSOON VARIATION IN PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER QUALITY OF SITTAUNG RIVER IN TAUNGOO AREA	This paper is concerned with investigation of the water quality of Sittaung River in Taungoo area during 2011 to 2015.Water samples were collected at the periods of post-monsoon and pre-monsoon. Higher total alkalinity values of 130 �15 ppm was observed in pre-monsoon periods compared to post-monsoon periods(100� 10)ppm. No significant difference of total hardness was observed between two collection periods. Total dissolved solids values in pre-monsoon periods were higher than the post monsoon periods. Positive correlation between total dissolved solids and temperature (r = 0.608) and also total suspended solids and temperature (r =0.766) were regarded as strong. Electrical conductivity values were less than 250 ?S/ cm and it was classified as excellent for irrigation purpose. Higher dissolved oxygen values (4.8�1.0 ppm) were found in post-monsoon periods compared to those in pre-monsoon periods (3.4�0.9ppm).Both biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand were far below the permissible limit. Nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in river water for both collection periods were below the permissible limit. However, phosphate contents were slightly higher than the permissible level of 0.01 ppm. Lower sodium hazard of Sittaung river water was found so that river water did not pose problem on plant cultivation. Most of the chemical properties of the Sittaung River water in post-monsoon periods and pre-monsoon periods were different significantly. Data analysis were performed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22.0.Correlation analysis among variables was performed by using Pearson correlation coefficient to measure the strength of the relationship between some variables.	2019
295	Ei Ei Htway	INVESTIGATION OF PLASTICIZERS AND NON-INTENTIONALLY ADDED SUBSTANCES (NIAS) FROM THE YOGHURT BOTTLES AND DISPOSABLE PLASTIC CUPS	The aim of this research work is to investigate the presence and comparative amount of plasticizers and non-intentionally added substances (NIAS)from the yoghurt bottles and disposable plastic cups. The types of polymer were identified by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT IR) spectrophotometer and plasticizers and NIAS were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).The type of polymer of the yoghurt bottle samples was high density polyethylene (HDPE) and that of disposable plastic cups was polypropylene (PP). The plasticizers and NIAS mostly found in both types of polymers were Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) compounds and long chain hydrocarbon compounds. The other compounds found from these types of food containers were aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, ether compound, ketone, bicyclic compounds, epoxy compound and sulphur containing compounds. Overall migration percents were evaluated by using three solvents, chloroform, water and olive oil. The migration percents of HDPE polymer were found to be 0.11 %, 0.81 % and 0.06 % and those of PP polymer were found to be 0.34%, 1.35 % and 0.07% in water, chloroform and oil, respectively.Elemental analysis of the samples by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WDXRF) showed that the common elements found in both types of polymer samples were Ti, Zn, Ca, Fe, Cl, Si, K and Al.	2019
296	Zaw Min Thu	XANTHONES DERIVATIVES FROM Cratoxylum cochinchinense BLUME. AND THEIR CYTOTOXICITIES	Three cytotoxic xanthones (1-3), together with other ten known compounds, have been isolated from the barks of Cratoxylum cochinchinense Blume. (Mei-thanyo), collected from Kachin State, Northern Myanmar. These structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods. Among the isolated compounds, six xanthones and one anthraquinone were evaluated for their cytotoxicities by using the MTT assay. Compound 1 showed a significant cytotoxicity against all tested human cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range 3-9 ?M, on average lower than the anticancer drug cisplatin. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited, instead, high cytotoxicity only against some cell lines. In striking contrast, other compounds showed from moderate to no activity.	2019
297	Kyaw Thu	ENCAPSULATION EFFICIENCY OF ROSELLE CALYCES FOOD COLOURANT USING DIFFERENT WALL MATERIALS	Roselle calyces have the intense red colour due to the accumulation of anthocyanins. They could be extracted using distilled water and 2 % citric acid solution. Total anthocyanins content expressed as cyanidin � 3- glycoside in each extract was determined by pH differential method. Total anthocyanins content of 2 % citric acid extract was higher than that of watery extract. Some quantitative tests for anthocyanins extract were carried out by using ferric chloride, dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulphuric acid. Powders of anthocyanins were prepared using different wall materials : maltodextrin (MD), gum arabic (GA) and a combination of maltodextrin and gum arabic (MD + GA) with 1 : 1 ratio. Tween � 80 was used as emulsifier. Each of the wall materials was homogenized to the core material with the ratio of 1 : 1 and were micro encapsulated by microwave �assisted drying at 1100 W. The encapsulated powders were analysed for moisture, hygroscopicity, colour density and morphology. The stability of anthocyanins powder was evaluated under different temperature conditions (Refrigerator, room temperature, sunlight). The results indicated that encapsulated powder with the GA and MD combination gave the better quality of powder and it could be applied in colouring of jelly.	2019
298	Yu May	COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF EGGSHELL WASTES FOR PREPARATION OF CALCIUM ACETATE	Eggshells are a rich source of mineral salts mainly calcium carbonate. This work was aimed to study the elemental contents and to characterize the egg shell wastes such as chicken, duck and quail eggshells for the preparation of calcium acetate. Relative abundances of elements in eggshells were determined by using X-ray fluorescence technique. Results of X-ray diffraction showed that the crystalline phase present in the waste sample is calcium carbonate in the form of calcite (CaCO3).The comparative analysis of calcium carbonate contents was carried out for the selected eggshells by using back titration method. Furthermore, preparations of calcium acetate were done from three eggshell samples by soaking calcium carbonate in vinegar. The yield percent of the prepared calcium acetate were 46.76 % for chicken eggshell, 33.00 % for duck eggshell and 32.27 % for quail eggshell. Melting point determinations of calcium acetate were also done for three eggshell samples. The functional groups present in calcium acetate prepared from three eggshell samples were confirmed by FTIR analysis. The prepared calcium acetate were also be examined by EDXRF and SEM analysis. Chicken eggshell waste is appropriate and cheap source for preparation of calcium acetate.	2019
299	Dr Mya Theingi	PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CaFeO3 POWDER AND ITS COAGULATION ACTIVITY IN TERMS OF REDUCING TURBIDITY	In recent years, materials with porous structure and high surface area are being developed for several applications in nanotechnology. The present research deals with a study on the preparation and characterization of CaFeO3 nanocrystalline powder and its coagulation performance in a bentonite clay sample solution and river water. CaFeO3 nanocrystalline powder was synthesized by citric acid sol-gel combustion method using citric acid and ethylene glycol as a fuel and the corresponding metal nitrates as oxidizers. The resulting xerogel was thermally treated in the muffle furnace at different temperatures (300 �C, 400 �C and 500 �C) for a maximum of 4 h each. The thermal behavior of samples was determined by Thermal-Gravimetric and Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA). The prepared powder samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT IR). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to study the transformation from precursor powders to rhombohedral crystals by calcination. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis showed the porous nature of the prepared powders. Physicochemical properties of the prepared nanocrystalline powder such as pH, moisture contact, bulk density and surface area also studied. Bentonite clay sample solution and river water sample were used to investigate the coagulation activity of the prepared CaFeO3 nanocrystalline powder in terms of reducing turbidity.	2019
300	San San Aye	CHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF Piper betel L. (KUN) AND ITS POSSIBLE USE IN DRUGS FOR DENTAL AND SKIN INFECTIONS	Today, there are various types of infections. Among them, dental infections and skin infections are very common in developing countries. Myanmar medicinal plant; P.betel (KUN) used for the treatment of dental infections and skin infections, was screened for antimicrobial activity by agar disc diffusion technique. Polar and non-polar solvents were employed for the extraction of leaves of P. betel. Essential oil was obtained from leaves by steam distillation. The antimicrobial activity of crude extracts and essential oil of P. betel was studied on seven species of Staphylococcus aureus cultured from plaque of gingivitis and five strains of organisms which usually cause skin infections. It was observed that extracts and essential oil of P. betel were effective against all the tested microorganisms (11 mm - 40 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the active extract was evaluated by agar disc diffusion method. Acute toxicity of 70 % ethanol and watery extracts of the leaves evaluated by the methods of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines showed no toxicity. Eugenol (0.1 %) was isolated from essential oil of P. betel and identified by UV, FT IR and EI-MS. In addition, an ointment was formulated with essential oil of P. betel and in-vivo test was performed on induced open wound infected with Staphylococcus aureus on rats. The ulcer healing was observed within 9 days. Moreover, in-vitro antioxidant activity of ethanol and watery extract were determined by Dot-Blot and DPPH staining method. The results thus indicated the possible uses of P. betel leaf in the formulations of drug for dental and skin infections.	2019

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