Research List

No.	Researcher	Title	Abstract	Year
2871	Saw Ei Phyu1	LEGAL CONTROL OF ONLINE SALES BUSINESS IN MYANMAR	Online sale business is the sale of goods or services on the internet. In today�s digital age, online sale business has become an essential part of the global economy. In Myanmar, the Online Sales Business Registration Order, 2023, is issued by the Ministry of Commerce. That Order has mandated the application of registration certificate by the Registration Certificate Holders in online sales business and the duties and the rights of the Registration Certificate Holder in online sales business. Besides, it has provided the orders such as suspension of the registration certificate and the cancellation of the registration certificate for the violations of the Registration Certificate Holders in online sales. Disputes arisen between consumers and the Registration Certificate Holder must be settled in compliance with the Consumer Protection Law, 2019. And, the Online Sales Business Registration Order, 2023 has been provided in favor for the application of the registration of online sales business and does not sufficiently complete for the violations of the duties and promotion of the Registration Certificate Holders in online sales. Hence, the Online Sales Business Law should be provided for enforcing the liabilities of the Registration Certificate Holder or entities, and for promoting the continuous and sound development of online sales business.	2025
2872	Jone Sai1	A STUDY ON THE CONTROL OF THE MINING ACTIVITIES IN THE DEEP SEABED AREA	Mining activity is one of the activities in the international seabed area. Mining activities consist of prospecting, exploration, and exploitation of the mineral. It shall be carried out by the Enterprise of the International Seabed Authority or state enterprises or natural or juridical persons which possess the nationality of State Parties or effectively controlled by other nations. The deep seabed area extends beyond the national jurisdiction. The Area and its natural resources are the common heritage of mankind. It is open to use by all states exclusively for peaceful purposes. Moreover, the International Seabed Authority is authorized to act on behalf of mankind in respect of the area by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. This paper is to study how to extend the legal control of the International Seabed Authority and sponsoring states over the mining activities in the deep seabed Area.	2025
2873	Theint1	LEGAL ASPECT OF ECOTOURISM AND LOCAL BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN MYANMAR	This study assesses the potential of Myanmar's ecotourism sector to contribute to environmental conservation initiatives. Myanmar, with its rich biodiversity and numerous protected areas, offers unique opportunities for the advancement of sustainable tourism practices. This study analyzes the regulatory structures that oversee the ecotourism industry, with an emphasis on sustainable development and the preservation of the environment. A thorough examination of the Myanmar Ecotourism Policy and Management Strategy for the years 2015 to 2025, along with pertinent legal documents, reveals significant legal stipulations, obstacles, and prospects associated with the advancement of ecotourism. Data were collected field surveys and interviews conducted with local communities and ecotourism operators. The research indicates that the main legal challenges in ecotourism consist of insufficient regulatory structures, conflicts between commercial interests and environmental conservation, as well as a lack of adequate community engagement. The findings suggest that enhancing regulatory enforcement and encouraging increased community participation are crucial for the sustainable advancement of ecotourism. Policymakers should focus on creating fair laws that promote the growth of tourism while also safeguarding environmental resources. The findings suggest that ecotourism exerts both beneficial and detrimental effects on local biodiversity, as heightened awareness and conservation initiatives are counterbalanced by disruptions to habitats. The results indicate that the implementation of sustainable ecotourism practices is crucial for achieving a harmonious balance between conservation efforts and the advancement of tourism development. Suggestions are offered to improve the legal framework, encourage community involvement, and ensure the preservation of natural heritage in Myanmar.	2025
2874	Mya Hnin Thet Paing1	CONSEQUENCES OF TAX INCENTIVES FOR FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN MYANMAR	In order to promote a particular economy, the Myanmar Government aims at attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) by offering tax incentives (Tax concessions) in the form of tax holidays, for FDI including domestic investments and other allowances. However, such generous fiscal incentives to attract FDI could hinder the government�s efforts in building fiscal policy space. Moreover, in making investment decisions, the investors often emphasize on the other considerations such as relatively low-cost labor, political situation, etc rather than the tax incentive system. Thus, such tax incentives may have only caused the waste of revenue costs because the incentives go to the investments. In this situation, tax reforms in the other revenue laws, other than the incentives regime, have been made by increasing the domestic income tax and the other commercial tax. Thus, this paper discusses the consequences of tax incentives that are offered to Foreign Direct Investment in Myanmar which can lead to adverse impacts to the local revenue system by causing revenue loss. This paper also analyzes the legal issues related to current Revenue Laws and Myanmar Investment Law, 2016. It is found out that the current Myanmar Investment Law, 2016 needs more specific provisions relating to the tax incentives with respect to the terms of relief which can lead to revenue cost.	2025
2875	Thiri Sandar Aung1	LEGAL CONTROL ON WATER POLLUTION THROUGH AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY AND MINING IN MYANMAR	Water pollution refers to the contamination of aquatic environments, including lakes, rivers, seas, oceans, and groundwater. It transpires when contaminants enter these water bodies untreated. Waste from residences, industrial facilities, and other structures contaminates water bodies, resulting in water pollution. This paper aims to elucidate the legal framework governing water pollution control in Myanmar. The research aims are to mitigate incorrect waste disposal, to avert water pollution by identifying and limiting principal sources of contamination, and to comprehend the effects of water pollution associated with agriculture, industry, and mining. Agriculture significantly affects the environment. Although the adverse effects are significant, encompassing pollution and the destruction of land, water, and air, agriculture can also influence the ecosystem. The industrial impact indicates that wastewater from manufacturing or chemical activities contributes to water pollution. The impact of mining includes the presence of life-threatening human infections in sewage, such as cholera, typhoid, and dysentery.	2025
2876	Hsu Kay Thi Zaw1	ANALYZING FAIR USE: AN EXCEPTION FOR COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT UNDER COPYRIGHT LAW IN MYANMAR	Copyright law is an intricate area of law which regulates intangible property rights in literary and artistic creations. This intricacy only becomes more apparent when the rights of the public to enjoy freedom of expression and free access collides with the claims of copyright ownership. A copyright holder generally has the authority to prevent others from making reproductions, selling or distributing, performing in public, or broadcasting their copyrighted work. But such right is limited to control the monopoly of the copyright holders on the reproductions of their works. Fair use is the mechanism that has been developed to limit the rights of the copyright holders. In cases where the advantages of public use surpass the private benefits of the copyright holder, fair use allows the public to use copyrighted works without the authorization of the right holder. This paper uses the qualitative approach to understand fair use doctrine and its role in balancing the authors� rights and the public interest within the context of Copyright Law, 2019. It re-examines two historical copyright infringement cases through the fair use perspective to evaluate how similar disputes might be assessed under the current legal framework. The analysis reveals that the Copyright Law, 2019 allows fair uses of the copyrighted materials for personal, educational, informational and archival purposes while safeguarding the interests of the authors and copyright holders. Nevertheless, despite the provisions asserting compliance with fair use, the law needs a clear definition of fair use and the extent to which such use is permissible across various contexts. By integrating international standards such as the four-factor test and the three-step test, the current copyright framework can be strengthened and enhanced the co-existence of author protection and public access.	2025
2877	Moh Moh Win1	LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF RESERVATION TO INTERNATIONAL TREATIES	The capacity of States to conclude treaties is the most important ground of their personalities. International Law recognizes that States may be able to become parties to treaties without accepting all of the provisions. Even though States excluded the legal effect of some provisions in the treaty, these States may become parties to the treaty with reservation clauses. States can adopt and apply the reservation, due to the increase in organizing countries and participation in treaties. Most international jurists said that reservations to international treaties are becoming more and more important at the present time. Reservations played an important role in the conclusion of treaties. In the law of treaties, the reservation process is a complex and difficult problem in the practice of States relating to concluding treaties. This research paper aims to understand the substances and the impact of reservations. This paper is a kind of doctrinal legal research, and it analyzes the statutory provisions, legal principles, and cases relating to reservation by using the qualitative method. States need to find out whether a treaty is serving the national interests of the State, to be aware of the treaty for verification, and to predict what may happen in the future as a result of the treaty. Moreover, States require knowing not only the objectives and principles but also the essence of each clause or provision before entering into a treaty. It is considered that these clauses or articles are consistent with the position of the State, not only the current situation, but also the long-term situation of the State. In order to achieve Goal 16 of the Sustainable Development Goals, this research expects to partly support strengthening the capacity of institutions and cooperating in international relations by concluding more treaties.	2025
2878	Aye Mar Win1	THE SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES FOR MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMEs) IN MYANMAR	The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important part in the economy of Myanmar, making substantial contributions to both employment and gross domestic product (GDP). Nevertheless, the commercial environment for these companies is burdened with conflicts that emerge from contractual disagreements, financial transactions, and regulatory compliance constraints. Robust dispute resolution systems are essential for the long-term development of MSMEs. This study analyzes the current legal frameworks and procedures for resolving disputes among MSMEs in Myanmar, encompassing both formal judicial procedures and an alternative way of dispute resolution (ADR). The paper examines the effectiveness, availability, and financial consequences of these methods, highlighting significant obstacles such as insufficient knowledge, inappropriate legal framework, and procedural intricacies. Furthermore, it describes the impact of government efforts and international collaboration on strengthening the ability to resolve disputes. The implementation of these steps can provide a more favourable environment for the expansion and sustainability of MSMEs in Myanmar's economic progress. The findings indicate that although Myanmar has made progress in enhancing its legal system, there is a requirement for more specialized and easily accessible dispute resolution services specifically designed to meet the distinct requirements of MSMEs. The recommendations include the creation of specialized MSMEs dispute resolution centres, enhanced training for legal professionals in alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods, and a stronger focus on preventive legal measures through educational and capacity-building initiatives for MSMEs.	2025
2879	Yu Yu Naing1	RESEARCH CONTRIBUTIONS OF ACADEMIC STAFF TO THE MYANMAR ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCE (2001-2022)*	This paper presents and analyzes the status of research papers submitted to the Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS) to develop research contributions of academic staff in various fields of arts and sciences. The purpose of compiling this research is to reveal the efforts of researchers in various fields of arts and science in Myanmar. Literature search method and interview method were used to carry out this paper. This paper analyzes the research contributions of award-winning researchers from 5708 research papers and 557 research reports presented by academic staff at MAAS annual research conferences from 2001 to 2022. Among them, the papers and reports of winners for Best Paper Award and Academy Award of MAAS are analyzed by content. There are 391 research papers for Best Paper Award and 106 research reports for Academy Award during (2001-2022). A research conference has been held annually since 2001 to allow academic staff from universities and colleges to present research findings from various disciplines. These papers were presented at research conferences led by MAAS in Yangon. The result findings show that the literature and research capabilities of academic staff appeared in the Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science, and the areas of interests of the researchers are well known.	2025
2880	Thet Mon Swe1	AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE LIBRARY AND INFORMATION STUDIES (LIS) STUDENTS AT YADANABON UNIVERSITY	The study examines social media usage among undergraduate students in the Department of Library and Information Studies at Yadanabon University, Myanmar. The research applied a quantitative method and also involved 90 students from first-year to third-year honors. Results showed that most students use social media for academic and non-academic purposes, with the highest usage levels among fourth-year students. However, students reported less frequent sharing of academic content, limiting their activity to "sometimes." The study found a significant difference in social media usage across academic years, suggesting that student year level influences the time spent on social media. No significant correlation was found between the frequency of social media usage and content sharing behaviors for academic purposes. The findings suggest the need for further research on factors influencing social media usage among LIS students to promote academic engagement and improve digital literacy skills.	2025

Research Publications

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research