Research Publications

Academic theses and dissertations are regularly published and widely disseminated in YUOE Journal, Monographs, Universities Research Journal (URJ), Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS) Journal, AsTEN Research Journal and International online Journals for sharing knowledge and contributing to the development of our education.

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research

No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
1681 Khin Moh Moh Tun WING MORPHOLOGY AND ECOLOCATION CALLS OF Taphozous melanopogon, Temminck 1841 (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) FROM CHAE-DAW-YAR CAVE The wing morphology of black-bearded tomb bat, Taphozous melanopogon (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) collected from the Chaedawyar Monastery cave, Madaya Township. The study of wing morphology, echolocation frequency of T. melanopogon analyzed during June 2018 to February 2019 involved 20 males and 20 females of T. melanopogon. The aim of this study was to examine whether wing morphology of bat have relationship with feeding habits. The wing parameters were measured onto one centimeter square graph paper in the field. Evaluation was focused on three major parameters; wing loading (WL), aspect ratio (A) and wing tip shape index (I) between males and females by using t-test. The values of wing loading (t = 0.881, df = 38, p = 0.219), aspect ratio (t = -196, df = 38, p = 0.478) and wing tip shape index (t =0 .843, df = 38, p = 0.072) were calculated. Echolocation frequency of T. melanopogon revealed that the peak frequency was 29.85 kHz. The study results concluded that T melanopogon wing morphology were not significant differences in nonreproductive female and male on intraspecific. 2021
1682 Khin Thandar Latt INVESTIGATION OF WATER PARAMETERS AND FISH STATUS FROM PAUK INN AND PADONMILAY INN, CHAUNG U TOWNSHIP, SAGAING REGION In the present study, a total of 10782931 individuals, 40 species belonging to 30 genera, 17 families and eight orders from Pauk Inn (site I) and 780133 individuals, 33 species under 26 genera, 16 families and eight orders from Padonmilay Inn (site II) were recorded during October 2018 to September 2019. The total production fish weight was recorded over 283581 kg/yr from Site I and over 15802 kg/ yr. from site II. The water sample was collected from both study sites for analyzing some water parameters during planting and harvesting period of Melon spp. and other crops were examined by the laboratory of water supply and sanitation department of Mandalay. Some parameters of water temperature, pH and total alkalinity from both sites were fall within the EPA limit and the rest of the water parameters were unsuitable limit for fish fauna in the study area. This study was aimed to focus the limnology and sustainable utilization of floodplain for fisheries development. 2021
1683 Thandar Tun HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE GILLS OF OREOCHROMIS SP. GUNTHER, 1889 FROM NYAUNG KAING IN (LAKE), MONYWA TOWNSHIP The histological changes found in the gills of the Oreochromis sp. were investigated from June 2018 to July 2019, in Nyaung Kaing In (Lake), Monywa Township. The seasonal histological investigation in the gills of Oreochromis sp. revealed abnormalities such as curling and club shaped of lamellae, incomplete and complete fusion of lamellae, shortening of lamellae, degeneration and desquamation of lamellae, dilation of gill filaments and arches, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of gill filaments, separation of gill filaments, elastic cartilage, haemorrhage of gill filaments, edema of gill arch, blood congestion of gill filaments and arches, cysts with parasites in gill filaments, aneurysms and epithelial lifting were observed. Physicochemical parameters of water quality analyzed seasonally revealed that parameters such as dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, and ammonia nitrogen were beyond the acceptable limits in some seasons of study period .The other parameters showed within the normal range. Biochemical oxygen demand was higher than the permissible limit during three seasons. Heavy metals such as arsenic, copper, cadmium and lead values analyzed seasonally within the permissible limits. 2021
1684 San Htet San GROWTH RATE OF GIFT TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS) CULTURED IN DIFFERENT AQUAPONIC SYSTEMS Aquaponics is the combined culture of fish and plants in recirculating systems (without soil). Aquaponics uses these two in a symbiotic combination in which plants are fed the waste from fish and in return, the vegetables clean the water that goes back to the fish. In the present study, GIFT Tilapia (109 ± 0.7g) was cultured with three different aquaponics systems to investigate the most appropriate aquaponics system for small scale culture. Three sets of aquaponics systems, Media Bed (MB), Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) and Deep Water Culture (DWC) were created to develop the aquaponics systems for tilapia and lettuce. A total of 40 fingerlings of GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) collected from Hlawga Hatchery Station, Yangon were introduced to each system. Then, 15 seedlings of lettuce were introduced to aquaponic system. Fish were fed floating pellet for 3% of body weight and cultured from January to May, 2020. The highest weight gains were found in DWC (10.3g) followed by MB (10.2g) and NFT (9.5g). The lowest food conversion ratio (FCR) was in DWC, followed by NFT and MB. For plant quality index, 11 plants of grade A were observed in DWC which were followed by 6 plants each in MB and NFT during the first harvest. In second harvest, plant quality index was observed that number of grade A plants was 8, 5 and 3 plants in DWC, NFT and MB, respectively. According to this study, DWC system shows the most favorable outcome for tilapia and lettuce aquaponic than other systems. 2021
1685 Yu Yu Aye MYXOSPOREAN INFECTION IN THE INTESTINE OF CIRRHINUS MRIGALA (HAMILTON, 1822) AT YEZIN FISHERY STATION, NAY PYI TAW, MYANMAR Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings were sampled monthly from Yezin Fishery Station, over 12 months of study period and examined for intestinal myxosporean parasites. Three myxosporean species, Myxobolus sp., Thelohanellus sp. and Henneguya species under phylum Cnidarian were recorded. Among all these parasites, the most dominant species was Myxobolus sp., followed by Thelohanellus sp. and Henneguya species. Spores of Myxobolus sp. elongated and ellipsoid in valvular view. It had 11.6µm±1.1µm in length and 7.6µm±0.8µm in width. The myxospores of Thellohanellus sp. were pyriform in shape, blunt at the anterior end measuring 16.0µm±1.3µm x 8.8µm±1.3µm in size. Spores of Henneguya species are oval in shape and measurement of its length and width were 27.5µm±1.7µm x 3.8µm±0.7µm in size. The highest prevalence and intensity of Myxobolus sp. infection were recorded in December 2018 (84%). The highest prevalence and intensity of Thelohanellus sp. infection were found in November (18%). However, Henneugya species was found only in December with low prevalence infection (4%). Cyst formation of Myxobolus sp. was found on the surface of intestine. To examine the histopathological changes of infected tissues, histopathological slides were prepared and checked under microscope. Histopathological changes such as proliferation of villi, necrosis of serosa, mucosa and submucosa as well as space in villi necrosis and fusion of villi were observed in the intestine of infected fish. Therefore, management practices and pond hygiene should be adopted in nursery operation systems and grow-out ponds for producing quality fish fry and successful harvesting. 2021
1686 Nway Ei Khine DETECTION OF WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS INFECTION USING NESTED PCR IN PENAEUS MONODON CULTURED IN EXTENSIVE FARMS White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is a major shrimp disease in South East Asia. It cause high mortality and losses huge economic to the shrimp farming countries. In the present study, shrimps were collected from natural habitats (mangrove forest) and extensive trap and hold farms located in Pyapon area, Ayeyarwady Region from May to September 2019. The samples were examined for WSSV using PCR and Nested PCR methods. Two out of ten samples from natural habitats showed positive in nest PCR in May 2019. The prevalence of infection ranged 20% to 60% in the shrimps collected form trap and hold systems during sampling from May to August 2019. However, all samples collected in September 2019 showed negative in both PCR and nested PCR. Since the nest PCR detects latent or carrier stage, the result in the present study indicated that shrimps collected from natural habitats and traps and hold farms are latent or carrier stage. 2021
1687 Khine Min Tun GONADAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHANNA STRIATA (BLOCH, 1793) FROM HMAWBI TOWNSHIP, YANGON ENVIRONS Knowledge on reproductive biology of fish species is crucial important for the biodiversity conservation and for the sustainable development of the fishery. The biological information about Channa striata has been poorly documented in Myanmar. The present work has been conducted to investigate the gonadal development and fecundity of C. striata from their natural environment. Fish were sampled from rice fields of Hmawbi Township in Yangon Region. Gonadal development has been studied by macroscopic and microscopic observation of the different stages of gonad during the study period from November 2017 to October 2019. In the present study, macroscopic characteristics of the female gonads showed four maturation stages and histological observation indicated seven phases of oocyte development. Spawning period has been determined by observing the monthly Gonado-Somatic-Index and Condition factor of the females. Highest GSI value of female C. striata was found in June and length at first sexual maturity was estimated at 26.04 cm. The mean absolute fecundity was 33922.08 ± 9708.42 vitellogenic oocytes. The results from the present study clearly showed that the breeding season of C. striata was extended from May to July in Myanmar and their peak spawning season was in June. 2021
1688 Ei Thazin Thaung ESTIMATION ON THE LEVELS OF EXPLOITATION AND SUSTAINABILITY OF SOME MARINE AQUATIC FAUNA FROM NYAUNG TAN FISH JETTY, PAZUNDAUNG TOWNSHIP, YANGON REGION This study is a piece of research work carried out as a sample to analyze the level of marine aquatic fauna exploitation and which species stocks needed to be sustained. The present study was an evidence based study obtained from 47 marine fauna of the daily catch weights and its respective daily prices of each species stock of Nyaung Tan Fish Jetty, Pazundaung Township, Yangon Region. The relationship between yearly average catch weights and yearly average prices were analyzed by Pearson's Correlation Coefficient method. It was observed that there were significant negative correlation between yearly average catch weights and yearly average prices as R2= 0.7628, r= - 0.8860 for 2018 and R2= 0.6634, r= - 0.8144 for 2019. To find out the level of exploitation of aquatic species, four groups were classified according to FAO, 2017 as (i) Lesser than 1000 kg, (Over exploited), (ii) 1000 kg - 10000 kg, (Fully exploited), (iii) 10000 kg - 100000 kg (Moderately exploited) and (iv) Above 100000 kg (Under exploited). Among them, levels of exploitation was found to be the highest from (Lesser than 1000 kg), which was regarded as over exploited group. It included 28.7% of aquatic species out from the average records of 2018 and 2019. Therefore, for the 28.7% of the aquatic species that were found to be over exploited, which were high in fishing pressure. The fishery potential has been exceeded and these stocks are in the unsustainable conditions. This will become bad for every thing if the nutritional value and commercially demanded aquatic species are lost in the ecosystem. In order to conserve these aquatic stocks, preventive managements are needed to monitor the decling aquatic species in the catch to control the fishing gears and to exclude the spawners from catching during the breeding seasons of the marine aquatic fauna. 2021
1689 Tin Mar Cho SCANNING OF MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII NODAVIRUS (MrNV) IN MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII HATCHERIES Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) is a pathogen of giant freshwater prawns that causes white tail disease (WTD). It leads to high economic losses in hatcheries and farms of freshwater shrimp culture area across the world. In the present study, two prawns hatcheries: Twantay and Htantabin hatcheries located at Yangon Division were selected as a study sides and to examine the distribution Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) in different life stages of Macrobrachium rosenbergii using RT-PCR and RT-nested PCR (nRT-PCR). Negative results were record in all life stages of Macrobrachium rosenbergii from Htantabin hatchery. However, different life stages broodstocks, post-larvae and juveniles of M. rosenbergii showed positive in nRT-PCR at Twantay hatchery. The result in the present study indicated that MrNV has been introduced to Twantay hatchery through the broodstocks. 2021
1690 Aye Aye Khine SOME ASPECTS ON REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THREE CRAB SPECIES IN RAKHINE COASTAL REGION Reproductive biology of three crab species, Portunus sanguinolentus, P. pelagicus and Scylla serrata collected from Sittway area were studied. A total of 30 individuals of each species were monthly sampled from September to December 2015. Morphometric measurement of crabs, sex ratio and their reproductive development stages were examined. In Portunus sanguinolentus and P. pelagicus, female individual were abundantly occurred throughout the study period. In contract, high male ratio was recorded in Scylla serrata in which more than 25 individual per month are male crab. The fecundity of mud crabs is five times higher than the other two species. Poutunus sanguinolentus and P. pelagicus carried eggs throughout the study period but S. serrata carried egg only in the September 2015. Due to the migration behaviour of S. serrata, it is assumed that they migrate from brackish water to deep sea of high saline water at the time of spawning. 2021