Research Publications

Academic theses and dissertations are regularly published and widely disseminated in YUOE Journal, Monographs, Universities Research Journal (URJ), Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS) Journal, AsTEN Research Journal and International online Journals for sharing knowledge and contributing to the development of our education.

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research

No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
1661 Su Mon Kyaw ICHTHYOFAUNAL DIVERSITY AND SPECIES RICHNESS IN MYIT DAUNT GWAE IN (LAKE), MYINGYAN TOWNSHIP, MANDALAY REGION Diversity of fish fauna in Myit Daunt Gwae In (Lake) was studied from September 2017 to August 2018 in two sampling sites (western part of the In Site I and eastern part of the In Site II). In the present study, a total of 42 species confined to 29 genera, 17 families and eight orders were recorded. In Site I total number of 189254 individuals with 42 species and in Site II 149786 individuals with 42 species were recorded. Diversity of fish species was assessed by calculating the various diversity indices such as Shannon-Wiener’s index (H'), Simpson’s index (D), Margalef’s index of species richness and Hill’s diversity number (N1), (N2) and (E). Diversity indices varied among the two sampling sites according to the catch in terms of both the number of species and the number of individuals. The values of species richness and diversity indices were found to be higher in Site I than in Site II. On the seasonal basis, the highest value of diversity indices was observed in cold season at Site I and in rainy season at Site II. According to the number of fish species, individuals and diversity indices, the study area Myint Daunt Gwae In may be related to the suitable ecology of water body. So there is a need to continuous maintain the In (Lake) in order to protect and conserve the fish fauna to thrive in the In (Lake). 2021
1662 Wai Zin Min SCREENING THE EFFECTS OF PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING ACTERIA ON THE GERMINATION AND GROWTH RATE OF BLACK GRAM Phosphorus is an important macronutrient in plant metabolism, ultimately reflected on crop yields. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) play essential role in inorganic and organic soil P solubilization and mineralization for plant growth. This experiment was conducted to study the effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on the growth of Black gram. Among 10 isolated phosphate solubilizing bacteria from the rhizosphere of Vigna catjang Walp (Cow pea) and Phaseolus mungo Lin (Black gram), six strains, PSBCPR-1, PSBCPR-2, PSBBGR-2, PSBBGR-6, PSBBGS-1 and PSBBGS-2 were selected and used as inoculums. Laboratory experiment with six treatments and one control (only diluted peptone water) with five replicates was carried out in Microbiology Laboratory, Zoology Department, Pathein University during June to December 2019. In this study, root length, shoot length and total seed germination rate of treated plants significantly increased (p<0.05) over control. The maximum root length on treatment 2 (PSBCPR.2) and maximum shoot length on treatment 3 (PSBBGR-2) and treatment 6 (PSBGBS-2) were observed. Fresh weight and dry weight of treated seedling were also significantly increased over control. The isolates obtained in this study showed a significant in vitro plant growth promoting activity onto black gram. The use of these bacteria as bioinoculants could be a sustainable practice to facilitate the nutrient supply to black gram plants and preventing negative side-effects. 2021
1663 Daw Win REPRODUCTIVE FEATURESOFMYSTUS CAVASIUS (HAMILTONBUCHANAN, 1822) FROM AYEYAWADY RIVER SEGMENT, MAGWAY TOWNSHIP The study was conducted to elaborate the reproductive aspects, including sex ratio, condition factor, GSI, fecundity and correlation between fecundity and standard length, body weight and ovary weight in Mystus cavasius from Ayeyawady River Segment, Magway Township during December2018 to August 2019. A total of 78 males and 102 females contributing 1: 1.31 sexratios were presented. Mean standard length and mean body weight of collected fish samples were 10.39 to 11.86cm, 15.82 to 22.51 g and 10.06 to 12.68cm, 16.3 to 31.38g for male and female fish respectively. Condition factor (K) values ranged from 1.13 to 1.53 in male and 1.21 to 1.43 in female. The gonadosomatic index was calculated to be 0.059 to 0.22 and 0.57 to 12.33 respectively for male and female. The highest GSI 0.22 in May (male) and 12.33 in July (female) were observed. The absolute fecundity ranged from 4856 to 58889.5 eggs with the mean 27437.9±18193.4 for the corresponding length of 12.07±1.9cm, body weight of 27.57±11.28g and ovary weight of 3.86±2.5g. Relationships between standard length and body weight, were positively correlated in both sexes. Absolute fecundity was positively correlated with standard length and body weight whereas it was strong positively correlated with ovary weight. 2021
1664 Aung Lu DIGESTIVE TRACT AND STOMACH CONTENTS OF THREE FISH SPECIES FROM AYEYAWADY RIVER SEGMENT AT LEKONE QUARTER IN MYITKYINA TOWNSHIP, KACHIN STATE The study was conducted from the Ayeyawady River Segment at Lekone Quarter in Myitkyina Township, Kachin State to investigate the digestive tract and stomach contents of three fish species (Channa striata, Cirrhinus latia and Barilius barna) from December 2018 to August 2019. The gut index of C. striata (0.59), C. latia (9.25) and B. barna (0.71) were recorded. According to the stomach content analysis, the value of frequency occurrence of C. striata showed earthworm (37.5%), insect parts (25%), mud (25%) and fish (12.5%). The species C. latia showed each 80% for plant materials and mud. B. barna showed mud (75%), insect parts (62.5%), plant materials (12.5%) and earthworm (25%). The vacuity index in C. striata and B. barna showed 20% in each and 0% in C. latia. 2021
1665 Chaw Su Shwe NEST CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME BIRD SPECIES IN MAGWAY TOWNSHIP Nest has important effects upon bird’s growth and breeding. Nest characteristics of some bird species were studied in Magway Township during December, 2016 to November, 2017. Nests of 14 bird species were observed. Five different nesting types were observed; globular or dome nest, platform nest, cup-shaped nest, pendent nest and irregular-shaped nest. Birds used different plant species as nesting substrate. They preferred spiny tree for prevention from predators. They used a variety of nesting materials, mostly straw, grasses, sticks and feathers. The highest mean nesting height 18.54±8.85 m was found in Columba livia and the lowest mean nesting height 0.53±0.07 m was found in Chrysomma sinense. Cup nest type in Aegithina tiphia, Orthotomus sutorius, Chrysomma sinense, Pycnonotus cafer and Pycnonotus blandfordi, and pendant nest type in Prinia inornata and Ploceus phillipinus were recorded. Dome nest were found in Lonchura punctulata and Passer flaveolus. Two platform nests were observed in Columba livia and Streptopelia chinensis. Nest of Passer domesticus, Passer montanus and Acridotheres tristis were irregular shaped. The major aim of this study was to provide the basis information about bird’s nest, placement, other key factors for nest construction which can be helpful as reference for such studies in other areas. 2021
1666 San San Oo ASSESSMENT ON THE DIVERSITY OF BIRD FAUNA FROM THILAWA SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE AND IMPACTS OF THE PROJECTS IN THANLYIN TOWNSHIP, YANGON, MYANMAR This study is to assess the diversity of birds in Thilawa Special Economic Zone, outskart of Yangon, Myanmar.The bird species diversity was investigated in theproject area, Thilawa Special Economic Zone (SEZ) to assess the environmental impact of the project. The point count method was used and the data were monthly collected during June, 2015 to May 2016. The project area is 2400 hectares covering mostly paddy field with some human inhabitations. A total of 91 bird species representing 55 genera, 40 families and 8 orders were recorded from the Thilawa SEZ. Among them, 32 species from paddy field habitats, 58 species from shrubs and bushes, 32 species from wetland habitat and 55 species from scattered trees habitats wer observed. They represented 61 species of terrestrial birds (51 species of resident birds and 10 species of migratory birds), and 30 species of water birds (20 species of resident birds and 10 species of migratory birds) could be categorized. 73 species (1439 individuals of birds) in cool season, 36 species (644 individuals of birds) in wet season and 50 species (733 individuals of birds) in dry season were assessed. According to abundance category, two species of abundance, two species of frequent species, nine species of uncommon and 78 rare species were examined. The birds were moderately diverse according to Shannon Index value (H”= 8.566) with the evenness value (-8.577). According to IUCN Redlist category, 90 species are under least concern species and only one species Ploceus phillipinus was least concern species. Hence, the bird fauna in the project area is still diverse. 2021
1667 San San Myint LEARNING EXPERIENCE AND AGONISTIC PLASTICITY IN BETTA SPLENDENS Learning behaviour in a population evolves when it improves fitness of the individual. Interactions within the members of population may require the cognitive abilities which gives advantages in their lifetime reproductive fitness. Individuals may gather information and use the experience later in their life. In this study the learning behaviour of Betta splendens and its advantages in the social environment was investigated. It was hypothetized that organism will take advantages by learning from others, especially from the conspecific, to promote their lifetime reproductive fitness, in changing environment. Aggressive behaviour of two males Betta splendens were observed by the learners from separate tank (experiment 1). The social interaction between the winner from the first experiment and the learners were also observed (experiment 2). The learners received information through visual learning took advantages from prior experience. When learners encounters with the winners, they rarely compete to fight with them. In contrast, when they met with the losers, they always try to compete with them. The non-experienced individuals usually try to compete with each other unless they were injured during combat between them. These results clearly show that learners took advantages from prior social experience by showing behavioural plasticity in the changing environment. It was concluded that learning behaviour was simply evolved during the individual lifetime since adoption of learning gives some benefits to their life time reproductive fitness. 2021
1668 Win Ei Khaing ASSESSMENT OF POECILIA RETICULATA (PETERS, 1859) ON CULEX (LINNAEUS, 1758) MOSQUITO LARVAE IN MAGWAY TOWNSHIP Larvivorous fishes feeding on immature stages of mosquito form an efficient bio-control agent. Observation on predation activities of Poecilia reticulata on mosquito larvae was carried out under laboratory conditions at 21.5±1.3?C and 80.78±5.7% RH, during October 2018 to October 2019. Male and female guppies were used as predators for predation experiments on the 3rd and 4th instars of mosquito larvae. The female guppies consumed more mosquito larvae than male guppies did. The data indicated that P.reticulata have different mean consumption rates on 3rd 100 mosquito larvae with 1 liter of water volume (64 ± 17.1 by female, 28 ± 6.7 by male, with an average of 56 ± 8.8 (female) and 26 ± 4.8 (male). The data indicated that P.reticulata have different mean consumption rates on 3rd 200 mosquito larvae with 1 liter of water volume (187 ± 13.5 by female, 75 ± 11.6 by male, with an average of 175 ± 15.6 (female) and 72 ± 11.8 (male). The data indicated that P.reticulata have different mean consumption rates on 4th 100 mosquito larvae with 1 liter of water volume (25 ± 4.3 preys by female and 12 ± 2.7 preys by male with an average of 24 ± 1.8 (female) and 12 ± 0.9 (male) preys). The data indicated that wild guppies have different mean consumption rates on 4th 200 mosquito larvae with 1 liter of water volume (70 ± 17.8 preys by female and 34 ± 9.4 preys by male with an average of 68 ± 10.2 (female) and 33 ± 5.3 (male) preys). Larval consumption increased when the densities of prey increase until satiation level is reached, that is, when the fish becomes overwhelmed. Prey densities also influences predation activities and feeding rate. 2021
1669 Thida Soe ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY STATUS OF SOME CEPHALOPOD ALONG CHAUNGTHA COASTAL AREA, AYEYARWADY REGION The present study was to assess the abundance and species diversity of cephalopods along Chaungtha coastal area. It was conducted from December 2018 to November 2019. Identification was followed after Jereb and Roper (2005) and Jereb et al. (2010,2014).The key of species richness index, Simpson’s index of diversity and Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index were used in this research. A total of 14 cephalopod species, belonging to six genera, four families under four orders were recorded within the study area. Maximum number of cephalopod individuals was recorded in cold season. The highest number of individual was also observed for the species Uroteuthis duvauceli. The second highest number of individual was examined in the hot season. The least number was in the wet season. Fourteen species were recorded in all season. According to Shannon index the highest value (1.828295) was in wet season while the lowest value (1.708776) was in cold season. According to Simpson’s index the highest value (0.250587) was recorded in cold season and the lowest value (0.22207) was observed in wet season. The output was expected to promote the cephalopod fishery in future fishery sector of coastal region in Myanmar. 2021
1670 Nang Aye Aye Shein ROOSTING AND HABITAT PREFERENCE OF INDIAN FLYING FOX, PTEROPUS GIGANTEUS (BRUNNICH, 1782) AT CENTRAL DRY ZONE MYANMAR In Myanmar the Indian flying fox, (Pteropus giganteus) is found in forested habitats and near the urban areas. We have learned roosting and habitat preference of the Indian flying fox at central dry zone Myanmar. Conserving a species depends on an understanding of its habitats requirements. Studied were made on (Site I) for a period of five months extending from October 2015 to February 2016 and (Site II) from October 2016 to February 2017. Direct roost count method was counted to estimate the population size of the colony. At the study Sites I total number of 146 trees (above 5 m) were observed. Among them, numbers of 13 trees were rested roost site by the flying Fox. Out of 13 trees, four trees of Tamarind (Tamarindus india) and one tree of Rain tree (Samanea saman) were rested the study period. The highest number of flying foxes were recorded in October 2015 (854 bats) and the lowest numbers were in February 2016 (716 bats). In the vicinity of the study site (Site II) had 25 trees (above 5 m). At the study Site II, there were six trees of Bombox ceiba (kapok). The highest numbers of bats were observed in February 2017(976 individuals) and the lowest numbers were in November 2016 (261 individuals).Thus, P.giganteus preferred to roost on tall and large tree, close to paddy fields and stream. Seasonal shifting pattern from one roost tree to another increase and decrease in bats were observed in study area. Habitat destruction and diverse threats to species in the sites were recorded in these areas. 2021