Research List

No.	Researcher	Title	Abstract	Year
1691	Hnin Thiri Lwin	EXTRACTION OF ANTIFUNGAL COMPOUNDS FROM TR-2 OF MANGROVE WATER AND SLUDGE OF CHAUNG-THA AREA	Extraction of antifungal metabolites from selected strain Actinomycetes was carried out by using paper chromatography and four solvent systems. Ethyl acetate was the most suitable solvent and Rf value had 0.86. Crude ethyl acetate extract (2.0 g) was obtained from 10 L of fermented broth and purified over silica gel column chromatography. The ethyl acetate extract was carried out by employing various solvent systems on Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed well separated spots on TLC by using the solvent system (pet ether: ethyl acetate). By silica gel column chromatographic separation, compound A (23 mg, white amorphous form) was isolated and subjected to various examinations such as chemical reagent tests, ultraviolet (UV) and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared). Based on the results of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic methods, compound A may be flavonoid. In the investigation of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), the MIC value of compound A was 2.5 �g/mL on Candida albicans.	2021
1692	Khin Nilar Oo	FERMENTATION OPTIMIZATION AND SELECTION OF SOLVENT TO EXTRACT ANTIBACTERIAL COMPOUND FROM ISOLATED SOIL FUNGUS NLF-12	The present paper was studied by the fermentation optimization and selection of solvent to extract antibacterial compound from isolated soil fungus NLF-12. Twenty fungi were isolated from four different soil samples of Beikthano Ancient City, Taungdwingyi Township, Magway Region. Antimicrobial activity of all fungi was tested by agar well method on four test organisms and nine fungal strains showed the activity. Among them, soil fungus NLF-12 showed the highest antibacterial activity (30.54 mm) on Micrococcus luteus. Therefore, it was selected and the fermentation optimization of fungus NLF-12 were carried out by proper age, size, different carbon and nitrogen sources, fermentation medium (FM), pH, temperature, static and shaking culture. In the results of paper chromatography, ethyl acetate was the most suitable solvent for extraction of antibacterial secondary metabolites from fermented broth of fungus NLF-12 and Rf value had 0.92 on Micrococcus luteus. These results indicated that the selected soil fungus may be utilized by the optimal fermentation conditions for the screening of antibacterial activity.	2021
1693	Lae Lae Aung	EFFECT OF WATER TREATMENT ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF PLUKENETIA VOLUBILIS L.	The effect of days interval water treatment on growth of Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) was studied in this experiment. The field experiment was conducted in the field of Department of Agricultural Research Oil Crops, Research center in Magway Region (May2019-2020). This experiment with four replications in a completely randomized block design, T1 3days interval T2, 6days interval, T3 9days interval and T4 daily water treatments. The collected data such as plant height, number of branch, number of node, number of leaves, leaf area. The result of different days interval water treatment showed that the tallest plant height (90.97 cm), the maximum-number of branch (1.86), the maximum number of node (21.94), the maximum number of leaf (15.86), the largest number of leaf area (590.95 cm2 ) were obtained from daily water treatment in this study.	2021
1694	Swe Swe Aye	IN VITRO SCREENING OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SELECTED MYANMAR MEDICINAL PLANTS	The global burden of microbial infection is very high and antibiotic resistance leads to failed treatment of infections, which can ultimately lead to death. To overcome antibiotic resistance, it is necessary to find new antimicrobial agents. In this study, twenty medicinal plants which are traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases in Kalonehtar village tract, Yebyu Township were selected to examine their antimicrobial potential against five pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans. This research was performed at Department of Botany at University of Yangon in 2019. The extraction of phytopharmaceuticals from twenty medicinal plants was performed by using Ultrasound assisted solvent extraction technique. The polar solvent, methanol (80%) was employed for extraction process. The result showed that phytopharmaceuticals from Symphorema involucratum (20.6%) and Portulaca oleracea (20.2%) were the most soluble in methanol where as Peperomia pellucida (3.2%) was the least soluble in methanol. The antimicrobial activity of selected medicinal plants was conducted by paper disc diffusion method. It was revealed that the methanol extract of selected medicinal plants such as Piper cubeba, Amomum subulatum showed the higher antimicrobial activity on Escherichia coli (20 mm), Dracaena angustifolia, Emilia sonchifolia, Pittosporum glabratum showed the highest inhibitions (22mm-32mm) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa whereas Melastoma malabathricum exhibited the significant activity (32mm) on Staphylococcus aureus ,the plants Amomum subulatum , Glycosmis pentaphylla , Portulaca oleracea , Homonoia riparia showed the activity (20 mm-28 mm) on Bacillus subtilis. Moreover, the result showed that Homonoia riparia Lour. posses antifungal activity (30mm) on Candida albicans. The present findings indicated that the active chemical compound responsible for the antimicrobial action must be a polar soluble compound.	2021
1695	Ni Ni Htun	PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF CASSIA FISTULA L. FRUIT PULP FOR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY	Cassia fistula L., belonging to family Fabaceae, is known for its beautiful inflorescences and medicinal properties of various plant parts. This plant is called Ngu-shwe-war in Myanmar. It is widely cultivated and used in folk medicine. The present study was designed to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of fruits of Cassia fistula L. The specimen were collected from Banmaw Township, Kachin State. The morphological characters of this plant have been studied in detail and identified by the literatures (Backer, 1968; Burkill, 1935; Hooker, 1881; Dassanayake, 1981 and Hu-Qi-ming, 2009). The diagnostic characters of dried fruit pulp powder of Cassia fistula L. were investigated for standardization of powdered drugs. Then the powdered sample was subjected to phytochemical analysis in order to find out the presence of phytochemical constituents. From this, it is known that it contained alkaloids, glycoside, reducing sugar, saponin, steroid, terpenoids, carbohydrate, tannin, phenolic compound, flavonoid, starch, protein and amino acid. For antimicrobial activity, the fruit pulp powder of Cassia fistula L. was extracted with six different solvents to carryout antimicrobial screening in vitro on six different types of microorganisms by paper disc diffusion method. It was found that the watery extract showed most significant antimicrobial activity on Aspergillus flavous and Candida albicans whereas ethanol extract also gave highest activity on Escherichia coli. The phytochemical investigations and antimicrobial activity of fruit of Cassia fistula L. prove its importance as a valuable medicinal plant.	2021
1696	Wai Wai Thein	EVALUATION OF ADULTERATION IN FOUR SEASONING POWDER	Adulteration is the act of making something impure or altering its original form by adding materials or elements that aren�t usually part of it, especially inferior ones. It was aimed to find the adulterants in four seasoning powder such as turmeric, galangal, chili and black pepper. This study was carried out from January to August, 2020. Both raw materials and powders of turmeric, galangal, chili and black pepper were bought from the market and herbal shop. The macroscopic, organoleptic and microscopic characters were observed. As a result of macroscopic characters, some bulb turmeric rhizomes bought from herbal shop are found to be similar to rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe. In an organoleptic inspection, taste of homemade and readymade turmeric powder has slightly bitter because of mixing with Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe. Yellow food coloring matter, metanil yellow in readymade turmeric powder, can be found when it was tested with both concentrated Hydrochloric acid (HCL) and water. Adulteration in readymade chili powder changed the color of water into red due to the presence of food coloring matter. In the iodide test, yellowish brown precipitates in aqueous extract of homemade chili. Adulteration in readymade galangal powder showed cloudy water because of mixing with other condiment containing starch. According to the powder microscopic analysis, the starch grains were found abundantly in three seasoning powder, except chili powder. Altered starch grains and unaltered starch grains were found in both homemade and readymade turmeric powder, but the colour of altered starch grains was deep yellow in readymade turmeric powder. Starch grains were oval in shape that found in readymade chili powder. Readymade galangal powder can be mixed with the powder of Alpinia galangal. As the powdered spices available in the market are often contaminated with the artificial colors and other condiments containing starch, consumers should select right products. Furthermore, it is necessary to maintain its quality and purity for the commercial market.	2021
1697	Yee Yee Nwe	ISOLATION OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA FROM GARCINIA MANGOSTANA L. AND STUDY ON ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY	Endophytes are ubiquitous organisms that live within the host plants without causing any apparent symptoms of disease. In the present study the endophytic microorganisms were isolated from plants Garcinia mangostana L. and 12 endophytic bacteria were successfully screened from different parts of leaves, bark and fruit. Characterization of endophytic bacteria was performed based on the morphology, biochemical characteristic and the antimicrobial properties. Screening of potential antibacterial metabolites was done by using paper disc diffusion method and bioautography. The antibacterial activity was tested against eight test organisms. Cell morphology and colony characters of isolated bacteria were investigated and three bacteria which show antimicrobial activity (B-2, B-7 and B-9) were selected and applied in the fermentation was media using nutrient broth for two days. After separate fermentation, the crude compounds were extracted by using ethyl acetate and butanol and partially purified by TLC. The results of TLC showed the presence of Quercetine, Tannin and Xanthone in each extract of B-2, B-7 and B-9.	2021
1698	Yi Lay Myint	PHYTOCHEMICAL, PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES ON FLOWERS OF CAREYA ARBOREA ROXB.	Careya arborea Roxb. belongs to the family Lecythidaceae is found in many places of the world. It is also known as Bumbwe in Myanmar and Wild guava in English. The plants were collected from West Yangon University campus during the flowering period of May - November, 2019. The flowers are traditionally used to treat cough and cold, fever and tonic. In this study, the plant is deciduous trees, alternate and broadly obovate simple leaves, terminal spike with yellowish-white flowers, stamens with three whorls, inferior cup shaped ovary and large berry fruit with persistent style and calyx. In phytochemical screening, the presence of alkaloid, glycoside, saponin, phenolic compound, flavonoid, carbohydrate, steroid, terpenoid, tannin and reducing sugar were detected in flowers. However, cyanogenic glycoside and amino acid were absent. In the physicochemical properties, the powdered flowers are the most soluble in aqueous extract. The elemental analysis of powdered sample was determined by using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrophotometer. It was observed that the potassium was principal element. Antimicrobial activities of plant extracts are tested with six types of microorganisms by using agar well diffusion method. Ethanol extract of flowers exhibited effective against on Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	2021
1699	Nwe Oo	MORPHOLOGICAL, HISTOLOGICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF FLORAL LEAVES OF DELONIX REGIA (BOJER EX. HOOK.) RAF. AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES	The morphological, histological and phytochemical studies were carried out at Botany Department, University of Yangon in 2019. According to morphological study, it is a tree with bipinnately compound leaves, pulvinus and leaf-like stipules present. Flowers are slightly zygomorphic and predominantly orange-red in color. Lower surface of sepals is green and upper is red. Four smaller petals are orange-red and one larger petal is white and yellow with reddish spots. In histological study (Trease and Evans, 2009), stomata present on the lower surface of sepals. Anthocyanin containing epidermal cells present only on the upper surface of sepals. In petals, anthocyanin containing cells present on both epidermis. Bundle sheath and starch sheath present in petals. In phytochemical study (Harborne, 1973, Sofowora, 1993 and Trease and Evans, 2009), reducing sugars, alkaloids and saponins were not detected in petals. Antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH assay (Blois, 1958 and Brand-Williams et al., 1995) at Botany Department, University of Mandalay in 2020. The IC50 value of sepals was 6.44 ?g/ml and petals was 20.04 ?g/ml.	2021
1700	Myo Htaik Aung	OPTIMIZATION OF SOME FERMENTATION PARAMETERS, IDENTIFICATION OF THE ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS MHA-10 AND EXTRACTION OF CRUDE EXTRACT	Endophytic fungi is a rich source of novel organic compounds with interesting biological activities and a high level of structural diversity. In the present study, endophytic fungus MHA-10 was isolated from the leaves of Dioscorea birmanica Prain and Burkill. The pure fungal culture was inoculated in fermentation medium with different growth parameters. In the present investigation, the effect of pH was studied by varying pH 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. The maximum antibacterial activity was recorded at pH 7 (21.86 mm, inhibitory zone) against Bacillus subtilis. Antibacterial activity was observed at different temperatures such as 20�C, 25�C, 30�C, 35�C and 40�C. Maximum antibacterial activity by fungal isolate MHA-10 was recorded at 30�C (19.84 mm, inhibitory zone) against Bacillus subtilis. In the comparison of static and shaking culture, the antibacterial activity of shaking culture (20.89 mm, inhibitory zone) was more than that of static culture (19.01 mm, inhibitory zone). Maximum antibacterial activity reached at 5 days fermentation period (22.38 mm, inhibitory zone) against Bacillus subtilis. In the paper chromatography study, ethyl acetate is suitable for the extraction of crude extract from the fermented broth. Based on the macroscopical and microscopical characters, fungus MHA-10 was identified as Trichoderma sp.	2021

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Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research