Research Publications

Academic theses and dissertations are regularly published and widely disseminated in YUOE Journal, Monographs, Universities Research Journal (URJ), Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS) Journal, AsTEN Research Journal and International online Journals for sharing knowledge and contributing to the development of our education.

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research

No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
691 Tun Tun Win CORRELATION OF SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY (Vs) AND SPT-N VALUE OF VARIOUS SOIL DEPOSITS FOR CHANAYETHARZAN TOWNSHIP IN MANDALAY DISTRICT The research area, Chanayethazan Township is a main population center in Mandalay District and lies in near the seismically active Sagaing fault. Nowadays, geotechnical and geophysical techniques are widely used for evaluating dynamic soil properties and seismic hazard analysis. The dynamic loading of soil in the present area are evaluated by shear wave velocity (Vs) using geotechnical (mainly SPT) and geophysical (mainly microtremor HVSR) methods. At some places obtaining only SPT data or only Vs value, we are difficult to predict the true correlation. The purpose of this paper is to establish the new formulas for the shear wave velocity (Vs) and SPT-N values relationships of the various soil types. Fifteen data pairs were employed to assess relation between Vs and SPT-N values. Although most correlations of other areas are comparable and in good trend, these correlations for the present area are directly disallowed because of different practice of SPT and shear wave investigation works. Thus, present research based on previous literature and observed data was attempted to establish new correlations between Vs and SPT-N for various soil types of the study area. The proposed data will be aid for seismic hazard analysis and engineering purposes of Chanayethazan Township. 2020
692 Zin Mar Kyaw ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY OF SOLID MINE WASTES FROM KYITAUKPAUK – CHAUNGGYI AREA, SINGU AND THABEIKKYIN TOWNSHIPS, MANDALAY REGION The chemical composition of soil and sediments from study area were characterized by high sulfur contents (1118-67500ppm) and high concentration of zinc (70-53600 ppm). Almost soil and sediments samples were observed highly significant concentrations of Cu value than the limit of 36mg/kg in part by EPA. SiO2 content is high in nearly almost solid samples including soil and rock. According to XRD result, prominent minerals observed quartz, calcite, pyrite and galena. The mean concentration of heavy metal in soils are ranging from S > Zn > Pb> Cu. Through the use of different indices of heavy metal contamination index (Igeo) and Enrichment rations (ER) results indicated that the study area was the most contaminated in As and Hg and followed by S and Cu. 2020
693 Aung Kyaw Myat A STUDY ON LANDSLIDE POTENTIALS AND SLOPE STABILITY OF THE ROAD AT ZWEKABIN RANGE NEAR KHALAUKNOS VILLAGE, HPA-AN TOWNSHIP The research aims to mention the landslide hazard and mitigation measures in the Zwekabin Range. This study road is located at the eastern part of the Zwekabin Range near Khalauknos Village, Hpa-an Township, Kayin State. This area is mainly composed of cherty limestone and lime-mudstone of Moulmein Limestone (Permian in age). Moreover, the area lies in the Zwekabin-Belin Fault Zone, a right-lateral strike-slip fault. Hilly terrain with steep slopes is found in the most of places at the study route and structurally unstable. The big landslide occurred on 15th, July in 2018 on the road at Zwekabin Range. Rock mass characterization and slope stability analysis are carried out for potential of landslides in the research area to know causes of landslides and preventing systems. In the study, although the behaviors of the rocks are not quite different along the road, the strength and engineering properties of the rocks are varied from place to place. Plane failures and wedge failures commonly occur. Most of the slopes are dangerous attaining stability because some rocks are very weak in geological condition as well as slope condition. According to the slope mass rating (SMR) analysis, most of the slopes are completely unstable and unstable slope conditions. In addition, all slopes have not been supported by suitable retaining structure and systematic drained system. Therefore, preventing systems and controlling techniques should be made to mitigate the causes of landslide. 2020
694 Khin Soe Moe ESTIMATION OF GROUND SETTLEMENT BY EARTHQUAKE INDUCED LIQUEFACTION IN DOWNTOWN AREA, YANGON As Yangon has undergone rapid development and expansion, it is needed to construct various new structures. Most of new constructions are on the alluvial deposit. Alluvial deposits are saturated loose sediments and thus, liquefaction is very liable to occur in Yangon area. For that reason, the estimation of ground settlement by earthquake induced liquefaction is needed to carry out. Liquefaction induced ground settlement is estimated at 120 representative sites in downtown based on the Standard Penetration Test and the laboratory results by semi-empirical method. The aim of this research is to provide potential ground settlement information at different locations of site at various depths for earthquakes magnitudes Mw 7.0 with peak ground acceleration of 0.2 g. It also helps in urban planning, prevention of earthquake hazard and determining the suitable foundation types and designs. The study area includes Latha, Pebedan, Kyauktada, and Botahtaung Townships. According to this research, the liquefaction induced ground settlement in the study area is ranging from 6 cm to 56 cm. The estimated ground settlement reveals that light damage may occur in the Ward (2) of Botahtaung Township, General Administrative Department in Kyauktada Township and Ward No. (8) of Botahtaung Township since they have settlement of 6 cm to 10 cm. So, minor cracks may occur when an earthquake of Mw 7.0 strikes. Most of the downtown area can occur medium settlement of 10 cm to 30 cm. Extensive damage may be along the Strand Road, lower part of Thein Phyu Road and Bo Aung Kyaw Roads where it may be the settlement of 30 cm to 56 cm. Therefore, adequate geotechnical site investigation should be done before construction and suitable earthquake resistant design and ground improvements should be applied for all constructions in the areas with high damage potential. 2020
695 Thant Sin ANALYSIS OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS): CASE AREA OF MOEYUNGYI WETLAND WILDLIFE SANCTUARY AND ITS ENVIRONMENT, BAGO REGION IN MYANMAR Moeyungyi Wetland Wildlife Sanctuary is located about 6 furlong away from the YangonMandalay old high way, near Pyinpongyi village, Bago and Waw Township, Bago Region. Moeyungyi Wetland WS is a man-made wetland. It was constructed in 1904 and it provides water flow into Bago-Sittaung canal. Many years later, the reservoir changed naturally into wetland, notified as a wildlife Sanctuary in1988. The maps of the classification of the land use in wetland area are important for natural resource management. The changes of the land use in the natural wetland area have been tested by the accuracy of remote sensing and GIS techniques based on UTM map and Landsat TM satellite data (2006-2019). The maximum likelihood supervised classification technique was applied for land cover classification such as land areas including paddy field and swamp areas, water body area, natural vegetation area consist of shrubby grass. There are many environmental changes year by year. The main water body areas gradually declined during 2006-2015 but water body area sharply enlarged in 2019. Natural Vegetation gradually reduced and shrubby grass areas mainly in wetland decreased during 2006 and 2019 due to deforestation and land use changes which paddy field areas gradually increased duration of 18 years. Over all, not only the original wet land area, but also the whole surrounding area had been transformed into land area by 2019 image analysis. Therefore, the natural ecosystem of wetland can change in the future. If the ecosystem of wetland will be changed, the biodiversity of birds and other species will decrease because the ecosystem of wetland area is not suitable for their habitat. 2020
696 Win Khine Tun HYDROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN PYAWBWE-NYAUNGYANPAYANGAZU AREA, THAZI AND PYAWBWE TOWNSHIPS Pyawbwe-Nyaungyan-Payangazu area is located in the southeastern part of Dry Zone, between 20° 31´ 12? to 20° 45´ 54? North latitude and 95° 53´ 24? and 96° 14´ 24? East Longitude. This area spreads over an area of 995.52 sq. km falling within the semiarid region and frequently facing water scarcity as well as quality problems. The major sources of employment are agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry, engaging almost 80% of the workforce. On the basis of geological conditions and stratigraphic position, three types of aquifers are recognized in the study area, viz;- alluvial, Irrawaddian and Peguan. In accordance with their morphological characteristics and occurrence, alluvial aquifers are subdivided into those of compound alluvial fans, alluvial unit I and II. Water samples are collected from 140 wells and were subjected to analysis for chemical characteristics. The water samples from the compound alluvial fan aquifer is clustered in Ca2+ -Mg2+ Cl- -SO4 2- dominant section and minor water types identified is Na+ -K + Cl- - SO4 2- types. Most of the groundwater samples from alluvial unit I are mostly fall in Na+ -K + -Cl- - SO4 2- water types and some are fall in Ca2+ -Mg2+ -Cl- -SO4 2- type. In alluvial unit II the groundwater samples fall in Cl- -Na+ water types and SO4 2- -Na+ water types. The Irrawaddian aquifer, water are fresh and slightly saline Na+ -K + Cl- -SO4 2- water type. The groundwater quality of the area is moderately hard to very hard, fresh to slightly alkaline in nature. Most of the water samples were found to be within in WHO guideline value. The suitability of groundwater for irrigation was assessed from (TDS, EC, SAR, MAR, Na% or RSC). Most of the groundwater samples in this area fall in the suitable range for irrigation purpose either from EC and MAR values. 2020
697 Moe Ommar Lwin TOWARDS A TOURISM INDUSTRY DRIVEN ECONOMY IN SALAY, CHAUK TOWNSHIP, MAGWAY REGION* Myanmar has many tourist attractions in cultural, architectural objects, religious monuments, historic sites and other interesting places. Among them, one of the tourist attraction sites is Salay. Salay is located on the eastern bank of Ayeyarwady River in Central Myanmar. Salay has good transportation as it is situated not more than 35.41 kilometers (22 miles) far away from famous archaeological area Bagan and it also has Yoke Sone Kyaung built in AD 1882, Museum of Myanmar famous writer U Pone Nya in 1812-1867, Lacquerware “Man” pagoda built in AD1300 and so on. As tourism can help develop the socio-economy of a region, tourism development potential of the local people in the surrounding areas is focused to be able to give practicable suggestions for further development of socio-economic conditions in the study area. The main aim of this study is to examine how tourism industry determines socio- economic development of local people in Salay and its environ. The first objective is to study the current situation of Salay and environ as a tourism destination. The second objective is to analyze tourism as key factor for local economy. This is to seek out the important factors for the development of effective marketing and tourism promotion for each group. For identifying the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, SWOT Analysis is also employed. This study also examines the positive and negative impacts and sustainability relating to tourism development. 2020
698 Dr Ye Kyaw Thu METAMORPHIC CONDITIONS OF HIGH–GRADE MARBLES FROM MOGOK–KYATPYIN AREA OF THE MIDDLE SEGMENT OF THE MOGOK METAMORPHIC BELT, CENTRAL MYANMAR* The Mogok-Kyatpyin area forming a mountainous region with two distinct valleys of Mogok valley and Kyatpyin valley is well known for its gem minerals. A variety of marbles, calc-silicate rocks, gneisses, migmatites and locally granulites are well exposed with the emplacement of various types of granitoid rocks. The high-grade assemblages of marble samples are characterized by calcite + dolomite + diopside + spinel + graphite with forsterite and clinohumite in some samples. Based on the mineral assemblages and textural relationship, temperature and fluid (T-XCO2) diagrams indicate temperature and XCO2 conditions of > 800 °C and > 0.5 at an isobaric pressure of 0.8 GPa for the clinohumite-bearing and forsterite-bearing marble samples for the peak stage. Re-equilibrium texture of clinohumite + tremolite + dolomite indicates a decrease in temperature and XCO2 condition, and yields <540 °C and <0.02 at an isobaric pressure of 0.4 GPa. The present study combining with other high-grade areas along the Mogok metamorphic belt suggest widespread distribution of upper amphibolite to granulite facies metamorphism in the middle segment including Mogok-Kyatpyin area. During peak metamorphic stages, the fluid conditions had higher XCO2 value. In contrast, decreasing XCO2 values with decreasing temperature and pressure might indicate that infiltration of H2O-rich fluid occurred during retrograde metamorphism. 2020
699 Aung Swe STUDY ON WETLAND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BILIN RIPARIAN About fourty-six rivers and many streams run along the coast of Myanmar. Among them Sittaung and Bilin rivers have wetland character and enter into the Mottama Gulf. Bilin river has about 212.43 kilometers (132 miles) long. It originates from the mountainous region of the Kayin State and it flows from north to south. Since the last two decades, upstream of Bilin river has started gold mining economy (Aung Swe, 2017). Lower course of the Bilin river experiences the accelerate deposition from the headwater sources and effect of tidal action from the Mottama Gulf. Due to gradual increase of tidal range, surface saline water intrusion also gradually increased around the lower course of the Bilin river. This paper presents wetland characteristics of the Bilin riparian area by relation to the relief, climatic condition, soils and geology of the Bilin catchment area, morphological conditions of upper and lower Bilin river course, bathymetry condition of Mottama Gulf, tidal condition of Yangon river and Mawlamyine tidal gauge stations. In this research, Normalize Difference Water Index (NDWI) method used to classify deep water (active channel), shallow water and intertidal zone area. Gradually change to wetland characteristics of the lower course of the river has been identified using a time series satellite images (1990-2018) by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques. After analyzing based on the NDWI method, lower Bilin riparian area is more influenced mud flat character than the wetland character. 2020
700 Saw Thandar DETECTION OF SHORELINE CHANGES ALONG YANGON RIVER USING GEOSPATIAL APPLICATION In nature, the shoreline is one of the rapidly changing linear features of the coastal zone which is dynamic. Based on geospatial application, this study analyzed coastal processes and depth assesment for western channel of the Yangon River.NDWI(Normalized Difference Water Index),MNDWI (Modified Normalized Difference Water Index), NDSSI ((Normalized Difference Suspended Sediment Index) maps were produced using band ratio equation using images of Landsat LT 5 TM, LE 7 ETM and LC8 OLI for 1995, 2005 and 2018. These Landsat images were radiometrically and geometrically corrected, and multi-temporal post-classification analysis was performed to detect land cover changes, extracting shoreline positions to estimate shoreline changes of the Yangon River. Hydrographic survey data were transformed to bathymetric map using interpolation function in GIS. In order to integrate with topographic data, topo values were extracted from DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and merged with bathymetric data to get a relief map. In this research paper, the NDBI index (Normalized Difference Built up Index) produced for land cover maps. According to these indexes, the shoreline area is retreated to the western part of the area and sediment deposition is also found in this area. 2020