Research Publications

Academic theses and dissertations are regularly published and widely disseminated in YUOE Journal, Monographs, Universities Research Journal (URJ), Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS) Journal, AsTEN Research Journal and International online Journals for sharing knowledge and contributing to the development of our education.

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research

No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
681 Nandar Myint Maung SEDIMENTOLOGY OF MOULMEIN LIMESTONE IN KAWKALUTHNIDON AREA, KYAIKMARAW TOWNSHIP, MON STATE The study area is situated in the southeastern part of Kyaikmaraw Township, Mon State. It lies between latitude 16º 20' 30" N to 16º 23' 00" N and longitude 97º44' 42" E to 97º 47' 24" E of one inch topographic map no. 94H/15. The present research mainly emphasized only on the carbonate sedimentology of the Middle to Late Permian Moulmein Limestone. Kawkalut-Hnidon Hills are composed of micritic limestone, fossiliferous limestone, dolomitic limestone and crystalline limestone. It was measured about 175 m and 200 m in thicknesss in details for microfacies analysis and were recognized into six microfacies; algal wackestone to packstone, dolomitic mudstone, mudstone, microbial grainstone, peloidal grainstone and peloidal packstone. These microfacies were grouped into three microfacies associations which represent three different depositional environments such as supratidal, intertidal and subtidal environments. The sequence stratigraphic interpretation of the Kawkalut section line indicates that eight metre-scale fourth– order shallowing upward parasequence cycles and three, metre-scale fourth–order deepening upward parasequence cycles. In the global Permian sea level, the slow falling of sea level also representing to Middle to Late Permian time which superimpose by lower order smaller cycles. 2020
682 Ko Yi Hla OCCURRENCE OF GLAUCONITE AND PHOSPHATE IN THE SEDIMENTS FROM AYEYARWADY CONTINENTAL SHELF The study area is located in the northern part of Andaman Sea; bounded by Latitude 13º 25´ N and 15º 40´ N and Longitude 93º 15´ E and 97º 45´ E occupies the south and southwest oceanic area of Myanmar. Ayeyarwady continental shelf is a part of an area of a complex geological setting in Andaman basin, located in the south of Ayeyarwady delta surrounded by land area in north and east. In the present study,the formation and association of glauconite and phosphate were systematically studied. Sand of the study area is arkosic sand and lithic arkosic sand in composition derived from continental block and magmatic arc, subduction complex provenances. In the sediments, the glauconite constitutes 1 – 15.5 % of the total detrital fraction in some stations. The glauconite of biotite origin, fecal pellet conversations, foraminifera cavity fillings and replacements also occur. Phosphate constitutes 1 – 10 % of the sediment as replacement of bioclast, micro coprolite phosphate pellet and cement. The phosphates are formed in the shelf edge and slope where upwelling current favors the formation of phosphate. The association of glauconite and phosphate is and they were formed from during slow sedimentation in transgressive phase forming the condense horizon. Therefore, the shelf, shelf edge and slope area are the best fit for the formation of glauconite and phosphate in the present sea-level condition. 2020
683 Moe Moe Lwin SEQUENCE STRAGRAPHY OF TAUNGNYO FORMATION IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF MAWLAMYINE AREA, MON STATE The study area is situated in Mawlamyine and Mudon Townships, Mon State. It is mainly composed of Early Carboniferous to Early Permian clastic sedimentary rocks comprising shales, mudstones, pebbly mudstones, sandstones, gritty sandstones, conglomerate and pebbly greywacke. Nine lithofacies of Taungnyo Formation are recognized; (1) dark grey color thick-bedded mudstone facies, (2) dark color pebbly sandstone facies, (3) dark color pebbly mudstone facies, (4) conglomeratic gritty sandstone facies,(5) gritty sandstone facies ,(6) medium to thick-bedded sandstone facies, (7) thin to medium-bedded sandstone facies, (8) thin-bedded sandstone with shale interbeddedfacies and (9) sandstone and mudstone interbeddeddfacies. It is divided into three lithofacies associations; (1) pebbly greywacke-pebbly mudstone-shale association which represents upper and lower fan sequence ,(2) conglomerate-gritty sandstone-sandstone-shale association represented upper fan and mid fan sequence and (3) sandstone-shale association representing mid fan channel and basin plain of lower fan sequence. By studying the rocks of Taungnyo Formation it is characterized by high velocity turbidity current, low density turbidity current, fine-grained sandstone with low velocity and coarse-grained sandstone with high velocity turbidity current of submarine fan environment. Taungnyo Formation was formed as a submarine fan and taken place in the deep sea. This is forming as a sand-rich and mixed sand-mud turbidite system. Growth and deposition of a turbidite system are intimately tied to a cycle of eustatic or relative sea-level change. During a maximum regression, the shore line moved basinward and the fluvial system placed on the exposed shelf area and most of the sediments were deposited in continental slope area. This regression is also coincided with the global sea level drop. 2020
684 Yin Min Htwe INTERPLAY OF CEMENTATION, MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL COMPACTION IN EARLY SILURIAN PHACOIDAL (NODULAR) LIMESTONES OF THE PINDAYA RANGE, SOUTHERN SHAN STATE The phacoidal (nodular) limestones of early Silurian age were studied in three selected areas on the Pindaya Range of Southern Shan State. In Yegyanzin area, the limestones are entirely crinoidal; the Linwe area are red crinoidal limestones, grey ostracoda limestones and lime mudstones; while the Thayetpya area consists of grey ostracoda limestones and lime mudstones. The limestones commonly show evidence of early lithification taken place near the sediment/water interface. Petrographic observation of both mud and grain-supported facies being rich in crinoids, brachiopods, trilobites, thin-shelled bivalves enabled the reconstruction of the digenetic evolution. Some layers, underwent a phase of early lithification, acquired a rigid framework that prevented deformation and rearrangement of grains during later burial. In the mud-supported facies, the effects of subsequent mechanical and chemical compaction are easily recognizable. Mechanical compaction includes overburden pressure, flattened burrows, fossil breakage, shrinkage pores and transformation from wackestone to packstone fabrics. The response to chemical compaction varied with texture; grain-supported sediments developed fitted fabrics whereas in mud-supported sediments stylolitic seams were generated. As a result of these diagenetic processes, laterally extensive stylolities would have developed in these phacoidal limestones. 2020
685 Mi Mi Ko SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE OLIGOCENE LIMESTONES EXPOSED AT HTONDAUNG AREA, THAYET TOWNSHIP, MAGWAY REGION, MYANMAR The study area is situated in Thayet Township. The present work mainly emphasizes on the limestone bodies in the Okhmintaung Formation of the area. The carbonate rocks exposed at Thayet area contains stacked depositional cycles consisting of characteristic succession of sedimentary facies and facies associations. The stratigraphic succession starts on delta abandonment phases together with an erosional surface at the base of facies, Grobigerina packstone-grainstone facies in the lower part. Delta abandonment phase is indicated by the occurrence of swamp development and the subsequent formation of coal at the base of Limestone. Through the succession, repetitive of inner, middle and outer ramp facies associations are present, and then they are followed by an alternation of shale and sandstone facies at the top. The term "cycle boundary" was used to determine the fourth-order cycles. The individual cycles were numbered 1-5 and the same numbers were used for their respective boundaries. The fourth–order cycles (parasequence sets) can be recognized by environmental changes within section; by the graduality of the change in fauna and the co-occurrence or normal marine perforates and platforminterior imperforates, and a relatively large amount of planktonic foraminifera. The first level or base level 'C-1' of the Limestone shows the shallowing upward, start with basinal blue-grey shale, Globigerinid wackestone, Globigerinid packstone-grainstone, or Lepidocyclina packstone. The outer ramp sediment shifted just above outer ramp (basinal shale) sediment within the section. The cycle 'C-2' observes an outer to mid-ramp community of planktonic fauna in the lower part, and a gradual shift from a planktonic dominated fauna toward perforate larger benthic one of the midramp in the upper. The cycle 'C-3' of the lower part consists of the retrogradation of the facies belts (from mid-ramp sediment to algal shoal of the inner ramp) marks the following TST aggradation and slow progradation of the corresponding HST. The cycle 'C-4' consists of bluishgray shale with high amount of planktonic foraminifera (Globigerina sp., Globotruncana sp., Nodosaria sp.).The upper shows inner to mid-ramp sediments containing a rich perforate foraminifera (Lepidocyclina sp., Operculina sp.) packstone-grainstone containing coal and gypsum bearing shale. The base of the 'C-5' consists of yellowish brown calcareous shale with lime bands. The upper part shows middle to inner ramp sediments having rich in benthonic foraminiferal assemblages. 2020
686 Khaing Khaing San DISCOVERY OF THE MIDDLE DEVONIAN (GIVETIAN) RUGOSE CORALS FROM THE MAYMYO FORMATION, PYINOOLWIN AND HSIPAW TOWNSHIPS Five species of Middle Devonian (Givetian) rugose corals are firstly described from the Pwepon Limestone of the Maymyo Formation at Pwepon (Pyinoolwin Township) and Kongtha (Hsipaw Township) areas. The Pwepon Limestone consists of grey to dark grey, well-bedded, hard micritic limestone intercalated with argillaceous limestone, siltstone and shale. This limestone in Pwepon and Kongtha areas is considered as the sandwiched unit of the Maymyo Formation. The Pwepon Limestone is richly fossiliferous including Eifelian and Givetian rugose coral faunas. The later, never reported before, include two new species: Argutastrea pweponsensis sp. nov., Hexagonaria carinata sp. nov. and three previously described species Grypophyllum postprimum postprimum from Late Givetian of Schweln-Kalk, NW Sauerland, Germay, Disphyllum dispar from Givetian, Dosey Limestone, Broken River Province, North Queensland, Australia and Disphyllum caespitosum from Givetian, Cürten Formation, Eifel Hill, Germany. The Myanmar Givetian species are compared with those from Europe and Australia. 2020
687 Win Win Myint FACIES ANALYSIS OF THE KYAUKKOK FORMATION IN THE SINTHE CHAUNG NEAR MILEPOST 240 BETWEEN NAY PYI TAWMANDALAY HIGH-WAY The study area is located in the west of Tatkon Township, Mandalay Region. This area is well exposed of the Kyaukkok Formation (Burdiagalian), the Obogon Formation (Vindobonian) and the Irrawaddy Formation (Pontian to Pliocene). In the study area, the Kyaukkok Formation is well exposed in the Sinthe Chaung. The Kyaukkok Formation is mainly composed of thin to medium bedded, gray, yellowish brown, fine to medium grained sandstone. Micaceous sandstone hard band are locally exposed. In some place, concretions, ripples and cross-laminations are common in the Kyaukkok Formation. In the present research, primary sedimentary structures are used for the facies scheme. The lithology, nature of the bed base and paleocurrent direction is also used to perform facies analysis to interpret the sedimentary environments. The Kyaukkok Formation of the Sinthe Chaung are divided into seven lithofacies such as thick bedded bluish gray shale facies, sandstone and shale alternation facies, thin to medium bedded sandstone facies, massive sandstone facies, trough cross- bedded sandstone facies, hummocky cross- stratification sandstone facies, and sand- mud interlayer facies. These facies can be grouped as prodelta/ offshore facies association, delta front facies association, delta plain facies association and outer shelf facies association.The Kyaukkok Formation is deposited in subtidal, intertidal, and offshore/ shelf environment. 2020
688 Naw Chel Phaw APPLICATION OF MARKOV CHAIN AND ENTROPY FUNCTION FOR CYCLICITY ANALYSIS OF OLIGOCENE FORMATIONS OF NGAPEYENAMA AREA, SOUTHERN PART OF MINBU BASIN, MYANMAR The area under investigation lies between Padan (Minbu District) to the north and Yenama (Thayet District) to the south. The exposed stratigraphic sections in the study area are from Cretaceous Formation at the base to Pleistocene Formation at the top. The main structure of the study area is mainly monocline structure. The main target research interests on Shwezetaw Formation, Padaung Formation, and Okhmintaung Formation. To prove similar cyclic arrangement in the lithofacies of the study area, the Markov property and entropy analysis was applied to test for the presence of order in the sequence of structures or descriptive facies in the Minbu Basin. The presence study is based on the outcrop and stratigraphic columnar section. According Markov Chain analysis, shaly sandstone facies to trough-cross bedded sandstone facies, shaly sandstone facies to thick-massive sanstone facies, shale facies to thinly laminated sandstone facies and arenaceous shale facies can be cyclical in Shwezetaw Formation. Shale facies to thinly laminated sandstone facies can be cyclical before pass to carbonaceous sandstone facies. Transition directed from shale facies to thinly laminated sandstone facies skipping sandy shale in Shwezetaw Formation. No transition from sandy shale to thinly laminated sandstone and carbonaceous sandstone to shaly sandstone. Shale facies to sandy limestone facies can be cyclical in Padaung Fomation. Shale facies to massive sandstone facies can be cyclical in Okhmintaung Formation. 2020
689 Kyaw Khaing GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SANDSTONE OF LAUNGSHE FORMATION IN THE ALE BAN AREA, TILIN TOWNSHIP, MAGWAY REGION The present study mainly focuses on the Geochemistry of Clastic sedimentary rock mainly on the sandstones of Early Eocence Laungshe Formation exposed in the northernmost part of the Minbu Basin, Tilin, Magwe region. The study attempts to constrain their source rocks, palaeo-weathering and tectonic setting of the provenance. The study area mainly consists of Tertiary Clastic Sedimentary rocks. Selected samples from the research area were analyzed using X-ray Fluoresence (XRF) for major oxides and some trace elements to know the chemical composition of sandstone and to classify the sandstone. Lithologically, the Laungshe Formation is mainly composed of thinly laminated dark grey to bluish grey shale intercalated with thin to mediumbedded sandstones. By the XRF analysis, sandstones of the Laungshe Formation fell within the litharenite zone. The analysis also points out that most of the sandstones are Fe-sand composition. By the discriminant diagram the Laungshe sandstones samples indicating the mafic igneous provenance. Moreover, sandstones of The Laungshe Formation were deposited in the active continental margin shifted to the downward of the oceanic island arc field. Additionally, the average CIA and CIW values of Laungshe sandstones indicate extreme degree of chemical weathering might have taken place in the source area. 2020
690 Wai Wai Lwin SEDIMENTARY FACIES ANALYSIS OF THE KALAW FORMATION IN THE TIGYIT AREA, SOUTHERN SHAN STATE, MYANMAR The study area is located in the Pinlaung Township, Southern Shan State. The study area is mainly composed of Cenozoic to Mesozoic clastic sediments and subordinate amount of Paleozoic and Mesozoic carbonate rocks. The sedimentary rocks are Nwabangyi Dolomite Formation (Late Permian to Early Triassic), Natteik Formation (Middle Triassic), Loi-an Group (Jurassic), Kalaw Formation (Cretaceous), and Hsi-hkip Formation (Pliocene). The Kalaw Formation is well exposed in the eastern and western parts of the study area mainly found at Myatheintan range and Tayoketaung range with the total thickness of Kalaw Formation is estimated about 645 m (21, 10 feet). Kalaw Formation comprises the clastic sequences of conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and subordinate shale. Kalaw Formation is divisible into three different members: Lower conglomerate-sandstone member, Middle sandstone-shale member, and Upper conglomerate member. Kalaw Formation consists of six lithofacies such as Massive clast-supported conglomerate, Massive matrix-supported conglomerate, Planar cross-bedded conglomerate, Ripple laminated sandstone, Thin-bedded sandstone interbedded with siltstone, and Massive siltstone respectively. These facies are representing of the Alluvial Fan Association, Channel Association, Overbank Association, and Flood Basin Association. The clastic sequences of the Kalaw Formation were deposited in the debris-flow dominated alluvial fan environment. 2020