Research Publications

Academic theses and dissertations are regularly published and widely disseminated in YUOE Journal, Monographs, Universities Research Journal (URJ), Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS) Journal, AsTEN Research Journal and International online Journals for sharing knowledge and contributing to the development of our education.

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research

No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
671 Tin Aung Myint ORIGIN OF IRON ORE DEPOSITS IN MAYMYO FORMATION EXPOSED AROUND BAW VILLAGE, PYINOOLWIN TOWNSHIP, MANDALAY REGION, MYANMAR Iron ore deposits are located around Baw village (N Latitude 21° 53'96'' and E Longitude 96° 32'08''), Mandalay region, Myanmar. It lies in the western margin of the Shan Plateau within SibumasuTerrane. Rock units exposed in the area are Paleozoic rocks including Nyaungbaw Formation (Silurian age), Zebingyi Formation (early to middle Devonian age) and Maymyo Formation (middle Devonian to Permian age). Iron ores are mainly limonite and hematite with minor amounts of pyrite and magnetite. The deposit mainly forms in Maymyo Formation. Ore deposit entirely overlies on dolomite and sandstone of Maymyo Formation. Large ore boulders may reach about 15 cubic meters in size. Small nodular, concretionary iron ore and float ore also occur. In some places, these iron ores are embedded in reddish brown ferruginous sandy soil and sandy loam layers. Based on the result of borehole data, ore boulders decrease in size from south to north. This is because the fault that separates the two blocks, impounds oxidizing water and enriches iron in the hanging wall block (south), causing more concentration and thickening of the iron deposits. The occurrences of micro fossils (forams?) and ooids which are entirely or partially replaced by interlayered hematite indicate that the iron deposit is primarily of sedimentary origin probably formed at the end of Paleozoic time (Tin AungMyint, 2002). The porous and soluble nature of Maymyo Formation is the favorable place for the formation of iron deposits on Shan Plateau. Besides, chemical weathering processes leached dolomite and calcite minerals from earlier formed iron deposit, causing the increasing of iron grade in the ore as well as removing of gangue minerals from the ore in order to form the ferric iron oxides as secondary residues that are found sporadically around Baw village. Jordan et al., (2017) dated the zircon U-Pb ages of 399 Ma, for a limestone near Pyinoolwin which suggests that the age is consistent with fossil ages of the Middle Devonian Maymyo Formation. The relativity plots of the zircons suggest that the provenance has a Gondwana affinity, as the peaks of the zircons confirm the affinity with the Sibumasu Terrane. 2020
672 Tun Naing Zaw STRUCTURAL CONTROLS ON LEAD MINERALIZATION AT LINWE AREA, YENGAN TOWNSHIP, SHAN STATE (SOUTH) The study area is located about 1.5km northeast of Ye-ngan Township, Shan State ( South).It is also situated within Latitude21 12 30 N to21 14 30 N and longitudue96 31 30 E to 91 34 00E.It covers about 4.6 kilometers. The area is covered by the Paleozoic units namely, Lokepyin Formation, Wunbye Formation, Nan-on Formation, and Tanshauk member of the Pindaya Group of Ordovician age, the Linwe Formation of the Mibayataung Group of Silurian age, the Thitsipin Formation of Permian age, and the Nwabangyi Dolomite Formation of Early Triassic age. Structurally, the area is significant due to the recognition of genesis of fault system which is previously not known from the area. The present study provides reevaluation of the structural geology of the research area. Resent study in the Linwe area, has significantly improved our knowledge of recognizing a lead mineralization in phacoidal limestone of Linwe Formation (Early Silurian) mainly occurred in nearly NW-SE trending fault zone. Linwe lead occurrence (latitude 21 13 16 N longitude 96 32 23E) is situated at half mile northwest of Linwe monastery. The mineralization of the Linwe area is found to be definitely structurally controlled. The galena is observed to have mostly occurred in fault with brecciated zone. In the alteration map by ASTER data, many cyan tint pixels (alterations) are observed which the evidences of possible locations of mineralization area. The common wall rock alteration of Linwe lead mineralization may be dolomitization and the formation of sanded dolomite based on the alteration map by using aster and Landset 8 images. Most of the Linwe ore bodies have been followig NW-SE trending faulted stream that is pre mineralization fault. On the surface, the mineralization can be followed the brecciated zone.Styles of mineralization occur as fracture filling and solution collapse breccia. Lead mineralization fill in cracks of deformed calcite crystals. Texture of lead sulphide minerals are mostly related to open-space filling of breccia’s and fractures. This fault zone and lead mineralizatioin were previously mapped and designated by Tun Naing Zaw et.al., (2017).Lead deposit in the Linwe Formation is hosted by sedimentary rock deposited during the later stage of at least two overprinting extensional events.Hydrothermal activity and alteration also acted as a heterogeneity focusing of dilational deforation and final stage of mineralization.Reactivated fault thereby accounting for the longevity of the hydrothermal system responsible for the alteration and mineralization at Linwe Formation.Analysis of the kinematic controls on lead mineralization in Linwe Formation is structurally controlled may enable other prospective structures in the near Linwe area to be identified.Need to seek possible means and ways for further exploration of Pb mineral deposits in the Linwe area. 2020
673 Mg Kyaw Thu Oo ORE MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF LEAD MINERALIZATION IN KYAUKTAP AREA, KALAW TOWNSHIP, SHAN STATE (SOUTH) Kyauktap area, the study area is situated about 17 kilometres north of Heho, Kalaw Township, Taunggyi District. Regionally, the Precambrian rocks of Chaungmagyi Group are surrounded by Lower Paleozoic rocks. The study area is located in the southern part of Bawsaing Range that lies in the southwestern part of the Shan Plateau. Sedimentary rocks of the Wunbye Formation, Nanon Formation of Pindaya Group (Ordovician age) and Linwe Formation of Mibayataung Group (Silurian age) cropped out in the study area. According to petrographic classification, Wunbye Formation can be divided into six microfacies: Oolitic Dolomatized Grainstone, Dolomitic Limestone, Crystalline Limestone, Oolitic-PelloidalGrainstone, Pelloidal-Bioclastic Wackestone, Micrite or Limemudstone, and Ferruginous Lime Mudstone of Linwe Formation. The lead mineralization is confined to the carbonate rocks of Wunbye Formation of Middle Ordovician age. Absence of igneous rocks is conspicuous. Two types of wallrock alteration are dolomitization as the main alteration, and silicification as subordinate, which predate the ore mineralization. The major ore minerals are galena and barite, and its associated minerals are sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, covellite and anglesite. The gangue minerals are calcite, dolomite and quartz. Both open-space fillings (veinlets, disseminations, fracture fillings and solution collapse breccias) and replacement (irregular patches to massive aggregates) styles are the nature of ore mineralization. Lead mineralizations are localized by both structural and lithostratigraphical controls.There are two occurrences of lead mineralization in the study area. Pb values range from 3.746% to 58.34%. The content of Zn ranges from 0.0% to 16.45%, Cu ranges from 0.0% to 0.024%, Ba ranges from 0.0% to 0.729% in the study area. Based on the geological, geochemical and mineralogical characteristics, the lead mineralizations in the study area are carbonate-hosted, stratabounddeposits, and epigenetic in origin and may be regarded as one of the sub-types of the Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) deposits. 2020
674 Mg Aye Khaing GEOLOGY AND ORE GENESIS OF LEAD-ZINC-COPPER MINERALIZATION IN MYINHE TAUNG -YASAGYI AREA, YWANGAN TOWNSHIP, SHAN STATE (SOUTH) Myinhe Taung-Yasagyi area is located about 35 km southeast of Ywangan Township, Taunggyi District, Shan State (South). Regionally the study area mainly composed of sedimentary rocks of the Pindaya Group (Wunbye Formation) of Ordovician age, Mibayataung Group (Linwe Formation) of Silurian age and Plateau Limestone Group (Nwabangyi Formation) of MidPermian-Triassic. The Ganaingya fault is the major structure which is trending nearly NW-SE. The present research work involves the carbonate rocks of the Wunbye Formation (Middle Ordovicain age) which hosts the lead-zinc-copper ore mineralization. In the study area, four leadzinc-copper prospects are associated with the dolomitic limestone of Wunbye Formation. The lead sulfide mineralization is confined to the carbonate rocks of Wunbye Formation. The wallrock alteration zones are narrow, with dolomitization as the main alteration, and silicification as subordinate, which happen after the ore mineralization. The ore mineralogy is relatively simple where galena and barite form major constituents with minor amounts of sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite , covellite, malachite and azurite. The gangue minerals are calcite, dolomite and quartz. Open-space fillings and replacement (irregular patches to massive aggregates) nature of ore mineralization are present. The lead-zinc-copper mineralization is localized by both structural and lithostratigraphical controls. Lead values range from 0.108% to 34.22% in Myinhe Taung near Yasagyi village. The contents of zinc range from 0.009% to 1.337%, copper ranges from 0% to 7.164% and barite ranges from 0% to 41.82% in the study area. Based on the geological, geochemical and mineralogical characteristics, the lead sulphide mineralizations in the study area are carbonate-hosted, stratabound, and epigenetic in origin and may be regarded as one of the sub-type of the Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) deposits. 2020
675 Aung Ye Ko PRELIMINARY STUDY OF LEAD MINERALIZATION AT TAUNG GAUNG AREA, MADAYA TOWNSHIP, MANDALAY REGION, MYANMAR Taung Gaung area is situated in Madaya Township, Mandalay Region, Myanmar. It is located approximately 30 km to the northeast of Mandalay, and 26 km northwest of Pyin-Oo-Lwin. The study area, falling in the Shan-Thai Block, lies in the eastern margin of Mogok Metamorphic Belt (MMB) and between the Sagaing Fault in the west and the Shan Scarp Fault in the east. Ordovician limestone is the main ore host rock in the Taung Gaung area. The regional trend of the rocks is generally N-S with dips either to the east or west forming asymmetrical anticlines and synclines. The major faults also trend N-S following the regional trend. The Ordovician limestone unit trends N-S and is broadly folded into a major anticline. The colour of limestone along the mineralization zone changes from pale blue to yellowish brown due to the effect of alteration. The mineralization follows the anticlinal axis of the major anticline, characterized by shearing and brecciation. The dominant alteration is dolomitization accompanied by minor silicification. Others are pyritization and limonitization. The principal ore mineral in Taung Gaung lead deposit is galena associated with sphalerite and minor amounts of anglesite, cerussite, jalpaite, marcasite and pyrite. In a separate paragenesis, copper as chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite - tennantite, covellite, chalcocite and azurite-malachite are also found in this area. The gangue minerals include limonite, siderite, ankerite, barite, dolomite, calcite and quartz. By the field observation and under microscopic study, several styles of mineralization were found to have formed under variable conditions, such as lead-zinc minerals occurring as disseminations, replacement ore, fracture - fillings and mineralized solution collapse breccias. 2020
676 Win Khant SPHALERITES COMPOSITION AND SULPHIDATION STATE OFPOLYMETALLIC EPITHERMAL QUARTZ VEINS AT SORIPESA PROSPECT AREA, SUMBAWA ISLAND, INDONESIA The Soripesa prospect area is located at Maria village, Wawo district, Bima region in the eastern part of Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. This area is related with Cenozoic Calc-alkaline volcanic inner Banda-Sunda Arc. There have five main polymetallic epithermal quartz veins in the Soripesa prospect area, namely, Rini vein, Jambu air vein, Dollah vein, Merpati vein, and Arif vein. The dominant lithology is a lithic-crystal tuff of andesitic and dacitic composition and bedded limestone. Elemental compositions of sphalerites were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) method to identify their environment of ore deposition. Detected elements in sphalerite are Zn (63.48 wt.%), S (33.3 wt.%), Fe (1.04 wt.%), Ga (0.7 wt.%), Ge (0.54 wt.%), Cd (0.7 wt.%), and Ag (0.2 wt.%). Au content is below detection limit in all sphalerite. Ga/Ge ratios of sphalerites geothermometry indicate that the formation temperatures of sphalerite are between 180°C and 240°C. Based on the Fe mole %, sulfur activity ( ) is a little higher and between 10-10 – 10-11. Sphalerite are found in pyritic ore fields and low temperature condition. Sulfur activity and formation temperature plots show that ore-forming processes are formed under intermediate sulphidation state of epithermal system. 2020
677 Hnin Min Soe CHROMITE MINERALIZATION AT SAISAQUINE WORKSITE, THABEIKKYIN TOWNSHIP, MANDALAY REGION The study of chromite deposits especially at Saisaquine worksite (Local name) is situated in the Thabeikkyin Township, Mandalay Region. The ophiolite rock suite of this area belongs to the Tagaung- Myitkyina Belt of Upper Ayeyarwady Provincewhich extends from the study area (Saisaquine worksite) Tagaung in the south to Myitkyina area in the north. Lithologic mapping in the ultramafic complex is difficult because of later modifications induced by extensive serpentinization and thermal metamorphism. Podiform chromite ores are main mineralization and they are hosted in serpentinized dunite and harzburgite. Mineralizations style occurred as irregular pocket or lens-shaped and fracture filling. Subcordant to discordant nature of the ore bodies which respect to their enclosing rocks and mostly found as massive and granular aggergates ores. Texturally, clot and pull-apart can be observed under microscope. In the field podiform chromitites can be seen as diverse types: they are massive, banded and disseminated, spotted or antiorbicular and nodular types. Nodular structure is characteristically of podiform chromite deposits and also as Alpine-type ultramafic rocks and primary magmatic feature. Low TiO2 content indicates that the parental magma is a primitive Boninitic melt. The major objective of this paper is to review a chromite mineralization at Saisaquine worksite especially for major and minor elements by X-ray Analytical Microscope (XGT) method. Geochemically, MgO, major oxide content in chromitite ore is 9.32 to 29.8 in wt% by XRF chemical analysis and X-ray powder patterns are used for the identification of chromite mineral species: magnesio chromite is attempted. Due to sporadic podiform chromitedeposits of Saisaquine worksite area is a favourable for medium-scale mining operation. 2020
678 Than Htoo Aung WALL-ROCK ALTERATIONS AND ASSOCIATED HYDROTHERMAL QUARTZ TEXTURES IN ANTIMONY DEPOSITS OF THABYU AREA, KYA-IN-SEIKKYI TOWNSHIP, KAYIN STATE The research area is located in the southernmost part of Kayin State, near Myanmar-Thai border, Kya-in-seikkyi Township. In the research area, antimony mineralization is observed in the fracture zones which are NNW-SSE trending in the metasedimentary rock units of Taungnyo Formation. The common types of hydrothermal wall-rock alterations of ore deposits in the research area are silicification, vuggy silica (vuggy quartz) alteration, argillic alteration, prophylitic alteration, and pyritization/sulphidation. Quartz (chalcedony and vuggy), calcite, pyrite, hematite, barite and sericite are the alteration products. Hydrothermal alteration around the mineral deposits commonly forms alteration halos. Classification of quartz textures observed in the mineralized vines and wall-rocks of the research area are –primary growth texture, recrystallization texture, and replacement texture. . Primary growth textures of vein quartz are (1) Chalcedonic texture, (2) Comb texture and (3) Crustiform texture. Recrystallization texture of quartz in the mineralized veins can be classified into moss texture. Replacement textures represent partial or complete pseudomorphs of other minerals by silica minerals within veins. The samples from the mineralized vein are show bladed texture under microscope. The consistent pattern of distribution of textures and consistent assemblages of textures can be used to define a vertical textural zoning model. Thus model should be capable of determining vertical position within a boiling epithermal vein system and predicting the locus of mineralization. The mineralogy and some chemical composition of alterations and hydrothermal quartz textures of antimony mineralization of research area provide an indication of proximity of mineralization and provide information on reservoir and fluid characteristics. 2020
679 Zaw Win GRANODIORITE-HOSTED GOLD DEPOSIT IN THE MAGYIBIN-KABA AREA, PINLEBU TOWNSHIP, SAGAING REGION The research area, granodiorite-hosted gold deposit, is situated within the Pinlebu Township, Sagaing Region, Northern Myanmar. It is bounded by latitude 24° 3' 30"to 24° 12' 30"N and longitude 95° 32' 00"to 95° 40' 00"E and falls in UTM map 2495-12. The research area consists chiefly of the various igneous rock types which form a batholith and sedimentary units. Ore deposits of gold are hosted in the Kanzachaung batholith (Wuntho massif) especially as granodiorite and diorite body. Five gold deposits were observed at Magyibin and Kaba area, productive gold deposits are MG-1, MG-2, KB-1, KB-2 and KB-3. Most of mineralized quartz veins, fracture filling, are recognized in the fracture zone of granodiorite body and diorite body. Quartz veins in the research area contain gold (Au), lead (PbS) and copper (CuSO4). The mineralized quartz veins show lenticular and banded nature. In some places, pinch and swell structures are noted. Economically the main ore mineral is gold. The mineralogy of the vein is relatively simple and can be recognized into three paragenetic stages. Stage-1 and stage-2 are main mineralization stages and stage-3 is post- ore forming stage. Ore deposit of the research area is hydrothermal origin source of hydrothermal ore fluid is considered to be meteoric water and magmatic water. It is reasonable to conclude that mineralization in the present area might have been formed at the late stage of or after the intrusion. 2020
680 Cho Cho Lwin SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC IMPLICATION OF THE NAPENG FORMATION EXPOSED AT NAPENG – NAMON AREA, KYAUKME TOWNSHIP, NORTHERN SHAN STATE Napeng-Namon area is mainly consisting of carbonate and silicilastic sedimentary rocks of Late Permian to Late Triassic age. In this paper, lithofacies and sequence stratigraphy of the Late Triassic of Napeng Formation are studied in detail. The sequence boundary between Nwabangyi Dolomite Formation and Napeng Formation is type I sequence boundaries (SB) which is represented by a significant unconformity. In the present study, the Napeng section contains stacked depositional cycles consisting of characteristic succession of sedimentary facies and facies associations. Based on detailed measurement, these sliciclastic-carbonate facies are deposited by shallow marine tidal current. Seven fourth-order shallowing upward, parasequence cycles can be recognized by environmental changes within Napeng section; by the graduality of the change in lithology, facies composition and faunal content. Features formed during the transgression, such as hardgrounds, iron-stained surface, and mollusk bearing siltstone are more prominent than the subaerial exposure features. Sequence in these outcrops display fewer paleokarst features and more pyritized and erosional hardgrounds at flooding surfaces and transgressive surfaces. The deposition of the Late Triassic (Napeng Formation) can be regarded as the progradational stacking pattern with some aggradations and these homoclinal ramp stack may show vertical accretion, but individual sequence seldom develop in a keep-up style. 2020