Research Publications

Academic theses and dissertations are regularly published and widely disseminated in YUOE Journal, Monographs, Universities Research Journal (URJ), Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS) Journal, AsTEN Research Journal and International online Journals for sharing knowledge and contributing to the development of our education.

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research

No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
961 Aye Mar Win THE ROLE OF UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS TREATY-BASEDMONITORING MECHANISM IN MYANMAR This paper presents the current mechanism obliged by human rights treaties especially in Myanmar. Treaties create legal obligations to State parties under International Law. Obligations are mentioned already in treaties and thus, state has to follow after ratifying. The enforcement of international human rights law is the responsibility of the Nation State, and it is the primary responsibility of the State to make human rights in a reality. This paper focuses the implementation of the protection of human rights in Myanmar in line with human rights treaties. This paper includes the different mechanisms set up UN human rights treaties, the key components of the context of Myanmar, and the gaps and challenges in relation to the human rights in Myanmar. This paper is an attempt to discuss the various facets of human rights, their legal, social, political and economic aspects of protection and enforcement at International as well at National levels. 2020
962 San Mon Thu FLORISTIC DIVERSITY, FOREST STRUCTURE AND ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS OF MANGROVE FOREST IN KANYIN CHAUNG COASTAL AREA, DAWEI DISTRICT, TANINTHARYI REGION, MYANMAR* This research conducted in the mangrove forests of Kanyin Chaung coastal area, Thayet Chaung Township, Dawei District, Tanintharyi region. To study the floristic diversity, forest structure and aboveground biomass of mangrove forest of Kanyin Chaung coastal area, twelve sample plots (20m x 20m) were established and observed during 2018. The diversity index of Kanyin Chaung coastal area was H=3.49, D= 0.90 and E= 0.92 (i.e Shannon-Wieners index (H), Simpsons index (D) and Shannon-Wieners index (E). Ecological successful species with the highest Importance Value Index were Rhizophora mucronata (44.02 %), Xylocarpus moluccensis (36.53 %) and Avicennia marina (31.45 %) in Kanyin Chaung coastal area. Forest density and basal area were 539 stem ha-1 and 14.11 m2 ha-1 in the study area. The total mean aboveground biomass and carbon stocks of the study area were estimated 111.19 ton ha-1 and 53.37 C ton ha-1 . Aboveground biomass was significantly correlated with study stand (p<0.01) of the study area. 2020
963 Su Su Latt STUDY ON THE FERMENTATION CONDITIONS OF SELECTED ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS, SL-26 FROM PRUNUS PERSICA (L.) BATSCH The plant samples were collected from Mogok Township, Mandalay Region. These selected plants were identified as Rosaceae family - Pyrus communis L. (Thit-taw), Eriolobus indica Schnied. (Makhauk), Prunus armeniaca L. (Met-man), Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Met-mon), and Cydonia oblonga Mill. (Chin-shaw-khar), during June to August, 2017. Isolation of endophytic fungi was done by surface sterilization procedure. The antimicrobial activity of these fungi was performed by agar well diffusion method with six kinds of test organisms. Ten fungal strains showed antimicrobial activity. Among them, three fungal strains exhibited the antimicrobial activity on four test organisms. Especially, SL-26 exhibited the moderate antibacterial activity (22.61 mm) against Escherichia coli at 5 days. Therefore, SL-26 was selected and the fermentation parameters of this fungus were optimized by the proper age and size of inoculum, effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on antibacterial metabolites production against E coli. According to the results, 120 hours age and 25% inoculum size were the most suitable condition for SL-26. In the effect of maximum antibacterial activity on various carbon and nitrogen sources, SL-26 showed the best activity on lactose and asparagine. the comparison of shaking culture and static culture, the antibacterial activity of static culture was more 6.5. Moreover, thirteen kinds of fermentation media (FM) and fermentation period were investigated. The highest antibacterial activity of SL-26 was obtained in FM-11 and the 5th days to be optimum fermentation incubation period. Endophytic fungi are the group of organism with very good potential for application in plant improvement and disease control. 2020
964 Nwe Nwe Aye ISOLATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL METABOLITE PRODUCTION OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM THE LEAF OF ANNONA SQUAMOSA L. In the course of the investigation of endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaf of Annona squamosa L. used PGA (Potato Glucose Agar) and LCA (Low Carbon Agar) media. After isolation, morphology of 7 days old culture were studied. According to this study, 3 different fungi (NA-01, NA-02 and NA-03) were isolated. In the study of antibacterial activities, endophytic fungus (NA-01) showed the highest antibacterial activities against Micrococcus luteus than other fungi. In the present investigation, endophytic fungi was isolated for antibacterial metabolite production, and effect of fermentation medium, pH and temperature variation were optimized for maximum antibacterial metabolite against Micrococcus luteus. The maximum production of antibacterial metabolite was observed in FM-1 medium (glucose, glycerol, yeast extract, peptone, K2HPO4, CaCO3) at pH 5.0 and incubation temperature of 25ºC with shaking condition. 2020
965 Pa Pa Aung TAXONOMIC STUDY ON FIFTEEN SPECIES OF ORCHIDACEAE FOUND IN PINLAUNG TOWNSHIP, SOUTHERN SHAN STATE The present paper deals with taxonomic study on fifteen species of Orchidaceae found in Pinlaung Township, Southern Shan State of Myanmar. This area lies between 19° 40'-20° 30' N latitude and 96° 22'-96° 55' E longitude. The elevation of Pinlaung Township is 1465 m above sea level. The orchid species of this study area were investigated during 2017-2018. All the specimens were collected, and identified by referring to Hooker, Backer & Brink, Pedersen et al., Xinqi et al.. In this paper, 15 species belonging to 11 genera were presented. Among them, 11 species were epiphyte and 4 species were terrestrial. Two pollinia were found in 6 species and four pollinia in 9 species. The morphological characters of the individual species were presented with relevant photographs. An artificial key to the species was constructed. The valuable information of orchid species found in Pinlaung Township of Southern Shan State will provide to further researchers. 2020
966 Thet Thet Wai ISOLATION OF SOIL FUNGI AND FERMENTATION CONDITIONS OF FUSARIUM SP. AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS The present study, soil samples were collected from six different places at Wundwin Township in Mandalay Region. The isolation of fungi were isolated by using physical treatment dilution method (Hayakawa and Kobayashi, 2005) and direct method (Ando,2004).Then, antimicrobial activities of soil fungi were tested by paper disc diffusion assay method. The fungal extract were tested for antimicrobial activity against test organisms Staphylococcus aureus. In the fifteen fungi screening, the isolated fungi TW-03 (22.57 mm) and TW-14(34.81mm)exhibited the activity against Staphylococcus aureus. In this result, TW-14 showed highest antibacterial activity. Fusarium sp. was identified from the selected fungus TW-14. Therefore, this fungus Fusarium sp. was selected for further investigation such as age, size, carbon sources and nitrogen sources for suitable fermentation condition. In the study of ages and sizes of inoculum, it was observed that 60hr and 10% seed cultured was best for the fermentation. Then, in this study of carbon and nitrogen sources utilization it was found that soluble starch and soybean gave the best activity on Staphylococcus aureus. 2020
967 Khin Than Oo QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CORDIA DICHOTOMA G. FORST. There is a very few scientific information on Cordia dichotoma G.Forst., so the qualitative and quantitative analysis of leaves, barks, fruits, seeds and roots was performed by using the methods given in WHO (1998) and Trease and Evans (2002). The plant specimens were collected from Loilem Township,Southern Shan State. Identification of the plant was done by standard procedure. In preliminary phytochemical study, the three different extracts such as petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethanol extracts of leaves, barks, fruits , seeds and roots were found to contain tannins, flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids whereas alkaloids were present in 1%hydrochloric acid extract of leaves, barks and roots. However, reducing sugar, glycoside and cyanogenic glycoside were absent in the whole plant parts. Moreover, the watery extract of leaves, barks, fruits and roots contain amino acids, carbohydrates, starch, saponins, and phenolic compounds where as the seeds has no starch, saponins, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The extractive values with different solvents and ash values were also analyzed and recorded. The Energy Dispers ive X-Rays Fluorescence Spectrophotometer (EDXRF) analysis was used to investigate the elements present in different plants parts. According to the results, the barks of Cordia dichotoma G.Forst. has more calcium element (73.109 %) than other parts of the plants whereas potassium in fruits was (76.266 %) and iron in seeds was (44.082 %).The Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) analysis was performed to investigate the heavy metal contents in powdered of different parts of the plants. In nutritional study, it was significantly found that 40.25 % of carbohydrates in barks, 30.78 % of crude fat in fruits and 48.71 % of crude fibers in seeds. The obtain data from this research could be use for crude development. 2020
968 Htay Htay Lwin INVESTIGATION OF CURCUMA PETIOLATA ROXB. RHIZOMES FOR THE PRESENCE OF CURCUMIN AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY The plant Curcuma petiolata Roxb., Myanmar name “Marlar” belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. The plants are widely distributed in Myanmar. It was collected from Dawei University Campus, Tanintharyi Region from July to October (2018). In this study, phytochemical properties, curcumin percentage and antimicrobial activity of Curcuma petiolata Roxb. rhizomes were investigated. Phytochemical tests of Curcuma petiolata Roxb. showed the presence of alkaloid, ?-amino acid, carbohydrate, flavonoid, glycoside, phenolic compound, protein, reducing sugar, saponin, starch, steroid, tannin and terpenoid. The percentage of curcumin content from the rhizomes of Curcuma petiolata Roxb. was done at Kayin State Medicinal Plants Resource Center by using HPLC. The yield percentage of curcumin content was 4.3%. Antimicrobial activity of rhizomes of Curcuma petiolata Roxb. was carried out at Botany Department, University of Yangon by using different solvent extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water). Antimicrobial activity was also investigated on six microorganisms such as Aspergillus flavus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Echerichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Xanthomonas oryzae. The extracts of Curcuma petiolata Roxb. rhizomes indicated antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus flavus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Echerichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Xanthomonas oryzae. Among them, chloroform extract showed the most significant antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus flavus and acetone and aqueous extracts on Echerichia coli. Aqueous extract showed the most prominent antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Only methanolic extract showed antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans. Ethyl acetate extract showed the most powerful antimicrobial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae. 2020
969 Zin Moe Moe STUDY ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF PSOPHOCARPUS TETRAGONOLOBUS (L.) DC. ON DIFFERENT TREATMENTS OF CHICKEN COMPOST The experiment was conducted in Pyay University Campus, Pyay Township, Bago Region. In this experiment, the compost was prepared by the mix of the chicken dung, rice straw and rice bran at 4:2:1. The analyzed results of the compost were moisture percentage of 16.797, the total nitrogen percentage of 0.565, the total phosphorous of 21.43, and the total potassium of 0.792, organic matter of 20.26, organic carbon of 17.54 and the C:N ratio of 6.62. The effectiveness of compost was studied by growing of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC., Pe-zaungya, set up in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) contained 4 treatments such as T1 (Control), T2 (15g compost plant-1 ), T3 (30g compost plant-1 ), T4 (45g compost plant-1 ), each with five replications. The results of vegetative growth showed that the number of leaves per plant, leaf width, leaf length and single leaf area were higher in T2 (15g compost plant-1 ). The reproductive growth also showed that the first flowering days was earlier in T1 (control). The maximum pod width and pod length were observed in T4 (45g compost plant-1 ) but number of pods per plant, pods weight per plant, pod yield per treatment and pod yield were higher in T2 (15g compost plant-1 ). In this experiment, T4 (45g compost plant-1 ) produced the least yield and it was less yield than T1 (Control). It is therefore concluded that, the lower dose of chicken compost was suitable for the growing of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. as to maintain soil restoration and crop production and also for yield improvement of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. 2020
970 Aye Aye Thant HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES FROM LEAVES OF PLUMERIA RUBRA L. The plant Plumeria rubra L.(Tayok-saga-ani) belongs to the Family Apocynaceae. They were collected from North Dagon Township in Yangon Region during the flowering periods. Then the collected plants were studied of classified, identified and histological characters were examined by the literature.In histological study of leaves, paracytic type of stomata were present on both surface.Multicellular trichomes, lacticiferous canals and calcium oxalate crystals were also present. Various solvent extracts of leaves were tested against the various microorganisms for antimicrobial activity by using agar-well diffusion method. It was found that acetone extracts of leaves showed more significant antimicrobial activity than different solvent extracts. This paper had recorded for standardization of drugs. 2020