Research Publications

Academic theses and dissertations are regularly published and widely disseminated in YUOE Journal, Monographs, Universities Research Journal (URJ), Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS) Journal, AsTEN Research Journal and International online Journals for sharing knowledge and contributing to the development of our education.

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research

No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
951 Khin Sandar Thein THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON GROUP ENGAGEMENT AT SSEAYP: A PERSON-CENTERED APPROACH* This study was conducted with the objectives of investigating the leadership styles practiced by national leaders (NLs) at SSEAYP; how different leadership styles influence group engagement of participating youths (PYs) and how that relationship was moderated by leader-member-exchange relation. As SSEAYP is one of the most successful youth program in the world and it is very important to build trust, friendship, cross-cultural mutual understanding, and future cooperation among ASEAN and Japan, it is very important to select well representing youth ambassadors of the country. The findings from this research would not only be able to use in the selection and training of future NLs, and PYs, it can also be applied in industry setting. Data was collected from 104 PYs from ASEAN and Japan from 43rd SSEAYP. Google form questionnaire was sent to over 300 participants to answer online. Two step cluster analysis was used to classify different leadership profile and regression analysis was used to analyze the impact of leadership styles on LMX and engagement. From the results, 4 distinct profiles of leaders among 43rd SSEAYP came out such as very high transformational, high transactional, and low transformational style (Cluster 1); very high transformational, moderate transactional, and very low laissez-faire style (Cluster 2); low transformational, low transactional and low laissez-faire style (Cluster 4); and medium transformational, low transactional, very low laissez-faire style (Cluster 5). It was found that Cluster 1 leaders can create a strong leader-member exchange relationship and lead to highly engaged team. LMX serves only a partial mediator. Cluster 2 leaders have positive significant effect on employee engagement and LMX but to a lesser extent than Cluster 1 leaders. Cluster 4 leaders can generate very negative engagement and relationship with PYs. For Cluster 5 leadership, their engagement and LMX is not significantly influenced by this type of leadership style. LMX either does not mediate for this relationship as well. Group engagement is of great importance for the PYs to generate favorable outcomes to the team to create better image of the country as highly cooperative, engaging, and outperforming delegates among ASEAN and Japan. The findings suggested that the government should consider great care in selecting and training of NLs and PYs for the program because it is held every year and need top, and talented youths who will raise the flag high among international community. It can also be contributed to business world where managers need to nurture their leadership styles and take great care of forming a good relationship with subordinates to elicit employee engagement. Leaders should take care of their way of interacting with subordinates and they should be equipped with proper knowledge, skills and attitude which would be used in different situations with different people. This study also warned the importance of relationship that a leader should build with his or her subordinates in order to create more engaging workplace. 2020
952 Aye Thu Htun CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OF LARGE MANUFACTURING FIRMS The main objective of the study is to analyze the influencing factors on Internet Banking adoption among students in Yangon University of Economics. Descriptive and analytical methods are used in this study. Primary data as well as secondary data are used to achieve the objective. To collect the primary data, 400 students who have experience in Internet Banking services at private banks and study in postgraduate programmes at Yangon University of Economics were selected and then, interviewed with structured questionnaire. Internet Banking adoption is the dependent variable and influencing factors that consist of convenience, trust, perceived risk, perceived security, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness are the independent variables in this study. This study found that convenience, trust, perceived risk, perceived security, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness have influences on Internet Banking adoption among students of Yangon University of Economics. The study revealed that trust is the most significant influencing factor on the student adoption of Internet Banking in Yangon University of Economics, Myanmar. 2020
953 Aye Aye Win THE ANTECEDENTS OF INNOVATION IN SMEs OWNED BY MYANMAR WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS Despite the importance of entrepreneurship is changing the economic landscape of many countries, identification of entrepreneurial opportunity is still in its early stages. Women entrepreneurship is identified as women entrepreneurs being catalytic in job creation and innovation. The transformation of educational status of women and varied aspirations for better living necessitated a change in the life style of Myanmar women. This research paper is intended for the development of the Myanmar Women entrepreneur’s opportunities identification and innovation based upon their personal and business characteristics. Data are compiled from a sample of 40 women entrepreneurs in Myanmar and analyzed using regression to determine relationship between the independent and dependent variables. It was found that creativity, flexibility and market orientation have strong relationship to the product innovation and creativity. Flexibility and market orientation have strongly relationship with process innovations. SMEs are recognized as the significant contribution to economic growth and development, employment and the social progress of economic. Exploring women entrepreneurs’ success will lead to the recognition of the economic and social contribution and they are making to their country, as well as their economic and abilities and worth. Thus, this study will be a strong point for improving support for SMEs in general, and, in particular, for women-operated SMEs to improve their operations and enhance productivity. 2020
954 Win Yin Htike COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES AND PERFORMANCE OF SUPERMARKETS This study aims to analyse competitive strategies and supermarkets’ performance. Supermarkets have become very competitive today and are facing challenges due to the changing lifestyles and the demanding nature of today consumers. Amid heightened competition, supermarket managers need to understand the impact of different competitive strategies in order to choose appropriate ones that lead to survival and prosperity of the supermarkets' performance. The purpose of the study is to identify the competitive strategies adopted by the supermarkets and to analyze the linkages between the competitive strategies and the performances of supermarkets at determining the mediating effects of firms' operational characteristics, on the link between competitive strategies and performance of supermarkets in Yangon. Primary data are collected from (15) senior managers and (35) branch managers of supermarkets through in-depth personal interviews and a questionnaire survey regarding their competing practices and organization performance. Moreover, performance data are also collected from (481) employees and (512) customers from selected supermarkets in Yangon. This study applies Path Analysis in order to identify the direct and indirect effects of operational characteristics between competitive strategies and firm performance. The study found that cost leadership strategy is practiced by ten supermarkets; differentiation strategy by three supermarkets and focus strategy by two supermarkets. The cost leadership strategy has significant negative effect but the differentiation and focus strategies have significant positive effect on supermarket's performance measuring in terms of firms' growth, employees' satisfaction and customers' satisfaction. Generally, operational characteristics have the mediating effects on firm performance when supermarkets practices differentiation focus strategies but is no mediating effect when practicing cost leadership strategy. Thus, it can be concluded that differentiation and focus strategies are currently appropriate as competitive strategies for improving the performance of supermarkets in Myanmar. 2020
955 Zin Mar Kyaw THE CHALLENGES OF ETHNIC MEDIA IN CHIN STATE, MYANMAR* Ethnic media play a vital role for their communities. The content of ethnic media may be focused on the life of a particular ethnic community, the news from an ethnic region, or both. In addition, they could be bridge between urban and rural, plain and hilly residing all national races. In Myanmar, the remote and mountainous Chin State consists of nine townships in four districts of Hakha, Falam, Mindat and Matupi, Chin people are made up of six groups (Asho, Sho, Masho, Mizo, Laimi, Zomi) and speak different dialects. The main dialects are Zomi, Laimi, Mara, Matu, Zotung and K’Cho. There are around a dozen of newspaper and journals are publishing in the townships of Kalay, Hakha, Falam, Tedim, Mindat and Matupi using their local dialects. The ethnic media do what the mainstream media can’t: they inform the community of their own issues and local happenings and help organize the community by pointing its readers to service sources and connecting them to the larger society. Ethnic media compete within its own ethnic group and mainstream for funding and market penetration. Now, the print industry is struggling, some of those print media have struggling funding. Print media expand their media market and transform into broadcasting and online media. The purpose of the research is that what are main challenges of Chin ethnic media and to find the ways for sustainable development of ethnic media in Chin state. The research question is that what are the struggles of chin ethnic media to sustain themselves? The target areas are the townships of Kalay, Falam, Tedim, Hakha, Mindat and Kanpetlet. Target population includes youths and adult residing in these township of Chin States. The data collection methods will include a questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview and this research discuss three case studies to highlight the challenges of ethnic media in Chin State, Myanmar. 2020
956 Cho Cho Thwin A STUDY OF THE MEDIA PREFERENCES OF THE COLLEGE STUDENTS Students in our education institutions are becoming more addicted to using media for various reason and it can be change in social lifestyle. This study aims to examine about the students’ media preferences which affects their live in recent years. Questionnaire and interview technique was used to obtain the data of the study among 106 students of journalism subject between the age group of 17-22 years who use media network. The findings include the how students using on print media and electronic media including social media in their lifestyle, students’ consumption of the media content, and media preferences and perspectives. 2020
957 Mya Aye SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN MYANMAR: ADAPTATIONS OF GLOBAL EDUCATION AND ENHANCING CULTURAL AND SOCIAL AWARENESS* The future of Myanmar lies in the capability of youth today by adapting educational excellence. Research and Development in educational institutions that produce graduates with global education are of vital importance for sustainable development in Myanmar. To achieve this goal, life skills should be adapted in school projects. This study explores the learning culture of university level students, especially final year students from National Management Degree College, Tourism Department, their exposure to field trip study in doing research, capacity building, interacting with villagers at community - based tourism site. The study looks into faculty members and students’ joint study tour of Community-Based Tourism (CBT) site in Ma Gyi Kan Village in Magway Division. Data collection methods mainly focus on interviews and opinion survey to support qualitative research, whereas set questionnaires as an optional if available. Issues that were investigated include development obtained from CBT, job creation, income generation, exposure of cultural tourism, empowerment and participation, leadership skills, problems and hindrances that villagers encounter in CBT site, training needs, technology aids for agricultural and eco-tourism. This research aims at finding an appropriate strategy for students to equip with life-skills required in 21st century education, enhancing awareness in preserving environmental, social, and cultural values of diverse ethnicity and natural resources, empowering students to create projects to develop community -based cultural tourism for career development, job creation, income generation to sustain CBT as new economy. Through this sustainable tourism, every stakeholder is beneficial and taking shared responsibility to protect Myanmar society for sustainable development. 2020
958 Myo Thandar Kyaw CORPORATE CRIME IN MYANMAR: LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND IMPLEMENTATION* Company transactions in Myanmar have been growing since 1989 when the market-oriented economic system was first adopted. As more companies are established, more corporate crimes tend to be committed. A number of such crimes have occurred in Myanmar. This research focuses on corporate crimes leading to corporate manslaughters and corporate homicides like passenger accidents of private transportation services, fatal accidents in the workplace, and unsuccessful treatments in health services and private hospitals. The lack of public awareness of corporate crime and corporate liability results in legal actions against individuals who actually committed the crimes but not the corporations employing them. Injured parties take legal action against the employee only through criminal prosecution, not against the corporations and would request damages only from the employees. Thus, corporations always escape from criminal prosecution and civil liability for their wrongs. This research will explore what kinds of corporate crime generally occur in Myanmar, the basis for corporate criminal liability and how regulatory systems for corporate criminal liability have been developed and implemented in countries such as the UK, the US and Australia. It will also explore legal frameworks of corporate crime especially corporate killing and its implementation process in Myanmar. 2020
959 Moh Moh Win LEGAL RIGHTS FOR FAIR TRIAL IN MYANMAR The right to a fair trial is a basic human right and essential for the prevention of the abuse of all other human rights. It is an essential safeguard of a just society and guarantee of the rule of law. Without fair trials, victims can have no confidence that justice will be done and then trust in government and the rule of law collapses. Every person has the rights to a fair trial both in civil and criminal cases and the effective protection of all human rights depends on competent, independent and impartial courts established by law and then the professions of prosecutors and lawyers each of whom in his own field of competence. And then, judges are required to maintain and enhance their legal knowledge, skills and personal qualities necessary for the proper performance of judicial duties. Judicial system shall have the principles of justice, liberty, equality and transparency. Therefore, fair trial is the only way to prevent miscarriages of justice and is an essential part of a just society. 2020
960 Pa Pa Soe LEGAL ANALYSIS ON RIGHTS FOR STREET CHILDREN IN MYANMAR The research paper examines and studies based on children rights under international and domestic laws approach. The street children have acquired to the same rights for children provided in international and domestic laws because street children are kind of vulnerable children who experiencing poverty, homelessness or both, who are living on the streets of a city, town, or village. Homeless youth are often called street kids or street child; the definition of street children is contested, but many practitioners and policymakers use UNICEF’s concept of boys and girls, aged less than 18 years, for whom “the street” (including unoccupied dwellings and wasteland) has become home and/ or their source of livelihood, and who are inadequately protected or supervised. In Myanmar, children means under 18 years aged according to the Child Rights Law, 2019. The target group of this study emphasis on children under 18 years age, who are found in/on the streets of Yangon City development areas for long hours, whether they are hired by others, or work for themselves (such as street vendors, children who give transport services, carriers, kiosk vendors, car cleaners, newspaper sellers, etc). The study includes children working at checkpoints, children who beg, children working at traffic lights, loiterers and living on the streets. This study focuses on the situation of street children in Myanmar and presents an assessment of the problem. This study presents the causal factors, the effects of the problem of street children; the interventions and a response currently face to street children, the emerging gaps and conclude with possible strategies for intervening in the short and long-terms. 2020