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No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
41 Ma Tin Aye BIOACTIVIT STUD OF CEME BMA L.MERR. (TAW-HINGALA) AND EESE DCA L.GAERTN.(SINNGO-MET) -hingala) and Eleusine indica L. (Sinngo-inyet) were selected for some bioactivity studies. Antioxidant activity of crude extracts was investigated by using DPPH radical scavenging activity assay. According to the observed data, ethanol extract of Sinngo-myet (IC50 = 86.14 µg/mL) showed similar activity with that of Taw-hingala (IC50 = 86.18 µg/mL). The cytotoxicity of 70 % ethanol and watery extracts of Taw-hingala and Sinngo-myet was studied by brine shrimp cytotoxicity bioassay. Among the four crude extracts (ethanol and watery extracts from two samples), only ethanol extract of Taw-hingala showed strong cytotoxic effect on brine shrimp at LD50= 1.50 µg/mL but the other crude extracts did not exhibit their cytotoxic effect up to the optimum dose of 1000 µg/mL. Antitumor activity of ethanol and watery extracts of Taw-hingala and Sinngo-myet was also tested on tumor produced bacterium using PCG (Potato Grown Gall) test. From this experiment, the text extracts from all samples were significantly found to inhibit the formation of tumor in the dose of 0.062 g/disc. From the result of screening of antiproliferative activity, it was observed that methanol extracts of the whole plant of Taw-hingala and Sinngo-myet showed mild antiproliferative activity of IC50 value at > 100 µg/mL for lung cancer, cervix cancer, breast cancer, normal human fibroblast, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer and pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma respectively 2018
42 Mai Thet Mar Tun INVESTIGATION OF SOME BIOACTIVITIES OF Peperomia pellucida L. (THIT-A-GI) AND Enhydra fluctuans L. (KANA-PHAW) In the present work, Peperomia pellucida L. (Thit–yay–gyi) and Enhydra fluctuans L. (Kana-phaw) were chosen to investigate some bioactivities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, anticancer or antiproliferative activities. The antimicrobial activity of different crude extracts from the Thit-yay-gyi and Kana-phaw was determined by agar well diffusion method. Ethyl acetate extracts of both plants samples showed the antimicrobial activity on all tested microorganisms with inhibition zone diameters in the range between 18 mm-35 mm for Thit-yay-gyi and 21 mm35 mm for Kana-phaw. The antioxidant activity of ethanol and watery crude extracts of Thit-yay-gyi and Kana-phaw were investigated by using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The antioxidant activity of Kana-phaw ethanol extract (IC50 = 22.53 µg/mL) was found to be highest followed by Thit-yaygyi ethanol extract (IC50 = 37.75 µg/mL), then by Kana-phaw watery extract (IC50 = 40.63 µg/mL) and Thit-yay-gyi watery extract (IC50 = 44.81 µg/mL). In addition, the cytotoxicity of EtOH and H2O crude extracts from Thit-yay-gyi and Kana-phaw were evaluated by brine shrimp cytotoxicity bioassay. The cytotoxicity of Thit-yay-gyi EtOH extract (LD50=68.2µg/mL) showed more cytotoxic effect than other crude extracts. The antitumor activity of crude extracts was pre-screened by PCG test. It was found that they can inhibit the growth of tumor in the rangs of concentration 1 g/mL, 0.5 g/mL and 0.25 g/mL, 0.12 g/mL. Furthermore, antiproliferative activity of EtOH and H2O extracts of Kana-phaw and Thityay-gyi was investigated by using seven human cancer cell lines. Antiproliferative activity of two extracts were found to be in order of EtOH extract of Thit-yay-gyi>EtOH extract of Kana-phaw> H2O extract of Thityay-gyi> H2O extract of Kana-phaw. Among the tested crude extracts, EtOH extract of Thit-yay-gyi were found to be more potent than other crude extracts. Therefore, it could be inferred that EtOH extract of Thit-yay-gyi possessed the higher antiproliferative activity than Kana-phaw. By silica gel column chromatographic separation technique, compound A (kaurenoic acid) (white crystal, 0.015 %, m.pt. 172 C) from PE extract of Kana-phaw was isolated. The isolated compound was identified by physicochemical properties and modem spectroscopic technique such as FT IR, NMR, HMBC and ESI MS spectrometry as well as by comparing with their reported data. Isolated compound A (kaurenoic acid) was evaluated by brine shrimp cytotoxicity bioassay. Compound A (kaurenoic acid) showed 50 % death of brike shrimp at concentration of 0.00001 mg/mL. 2018
43 Mya Thwet Win EFFECT OF CHEMICAL RIPENING AGENT (ETHEPHON) ON THE NUTRITIONAL AND METAL COMPOSITIONS OF BANANA (PHEE-GAN-HNGET-PAW) Fruit ripening is a natural process which also can be stimulated using different artificial fruit ripening agents. The effect of chemical ripening agent (ethephon) on the nutritional and metal compositions of banana (Phee-gyan-hnget-pyaw) is investigated work. This includes three types of banana (Phee-gyan-hnget-pyaw): natural ripening (untreated), treatment with different dosages of ethephon (250, 500 and 1000 ppm) and market samples. Nutritional values of banana (Phee-gyan-hngetpyaw) samples were determined by the method of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The moisture content, total ash and fat contents, the protein, crude fiber, carbohydrate and energy values in all samples were measured. The values of reducing sugar and acidity in treated samples were observed to be higher than natural ripening (untreated) sample. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) contents have been measured by using two methods, the first AOAC’s titrimetric method and the second UV-visible spectrophotometry method. It was observed that the amount of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content was found to be higher in natural ripening (untreated) sample compared with ethephon-treated and market samples. The pH values of all samples were found within the acid range. Some minerals (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb) were determined by using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). Cadmium and lead contents in all samples were not found. Potassium is the highest value in natural (untreated) samples. Phosphorus contents in all samples were determined by using UV-visible spectrophotometer. Phosphorus content gradually increased in all ethephon-treated samples. It was found that the chemically treated banana samples ripened more faster about three times than untreated ones (natural). 2018
44 Naw Sa Blut Moo EFFECT OF ALKALI CONCENTRATION ON THE PREPARATION OF RICE HUSK ASH AND KAOLINITE BASED GEOPOLMER Geopolymer is a new family of synthetic aluminosilicate materials formed by alkali activation of solidaluminosilicate raw materials. Rice husk ash (RHA) and kaolinite based geopolymer had been prepared from rice husk ash collected from Taungoo Township, Bago region and kaolinite sample from Kyaut Taga, Kyauk Padaung Township, Mandalay Region. The physicochemical properties (moisture content, weight loss on ignition, pH, specific gravity and pozzolanic reactivity ) of rice husk ash and kaolinite were determined and these samples were characterized by conventional and modern spectroscopic method (XRD, EDXRF, SEM ). Moisture content, weight loss-on-ignition, pH, specific gravity of rice husk ash and kaolinite were found to be 1.9% and 4.6%, 2.6% and 12.3%, 8.8 and 8.3 and 1.87 and 2.82 respectively. The chemical analysis (SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, MgO) was also carried out. It was found that the samples were silica – alumina rich compound. The pozzolanic reactivity of rice husk ash and kaolinite were ranged from 64 % to 94 %. The optimum condition of sodium hydroxide concentration and the ratio of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate which were used in the preparation of geopolymer have been determined. The physical properties such as apparent porosity, water absorption, apparent density and the mechanical properties such as compressive strength of RHA and kaolinite based geopolymer (GP) were also determined. The apparent porosity and water absorption were ranged from 10.48% to 25.92 % and 5.3% to 16.93 %, respectively. The apparent density values of geopolymer were ranged from 0.52 to 1.89 g/cm3.The blended cements were prepared by various mixing ratios of GP : commercial cement,(1:1, 2:1,1:2). Compressive strengths of the prepared GP and blended cements at different time intervals have been determined. For all types of cements the maximum compressive strengths were achieved at 28 days after mixing. The optimum ratio of alkali solution was found to be 2:3 volume ratio of 8 M NaOH and Na2SiO3. 2018
45 Saw Win STUD ON THE EFFECT OF PRESSING TEMPERATURE AND FIBER LENGTH ON PHSICOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PREPARED PARTICLEBOARDS DERIVED FROM BETEL NUT FIBER TREATED WITH CASHEW NUT SHELL LIQUID es of the fabricated single-layer experimental particleboards. Particleboards were made from treated betel nut fiber bonded with 40% modified cashew nut shell liquid. The particleboards were prepared by varying pressing temperature (130 °C, 140 °C, 150 °C, 160 °C, 170 °C and 180 °C). Different lengths of betel nut fiber (0.5cm, 1.0cm, 2.0cm, 3.0cm and 4.0cm) were also used for the preparation of particleboards. The experimental particleboards were tested for their physicomechanical properties such as modulus of rupture (MOR) and density by British Standard Method (BS) and then water absorption (WA) and swelling thickness (ST) according to the procedures defined by Indian Standard Method (IS). The tensile strength (T.S) and hardness of prepared particleboards were also studied by using Tensile Tester and Hardness Tester. The surface morphology of prepared particleboards was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to measure the fiber pull out and fracture behavior. Thermal gravimetric analysis was also carried out to study the thermal degradation of prepared particleboards using TG-DTA. The study revealed that the sample of betel nut fiber length 2.0cm and pressing temperature 170°C showed highest MOR, TS and least WA, ST and highest density and hardness when compared with other prepared particleboards due to the physicomechanical properties of 3273 psi (MOR), 3.6 lb (TS) and 9% (WA), 22.28% (ST)and 1.20 gcm-3 (density) and 88.75 Shore D (hardness). It was found that the fiber length and pressing temperature have a significant effect on the board properties. 2018
46 Su Thiri Kyaw X-RA DIFFRACTION CHARACTERIATION FOR OPTIMAL CRSTALLITE AGGREGATES OF PHTO- SNTHESIED SILVER NANOPARTICLES (AgNPs) B CMM SACM L. LEAF EXTRACT Township, Kayin State and verified its botanical name at Department of Botany, Hpa-an University. Preparation of silver nanoparticles and characterization of prepared silver nanoparticles by X-ray diffraction are described in the present work. A cost effective and environmental friendly method has been carried out for phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from different volumes (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mL) of silver nitrate solution (1.0 mM) as metal precursor by using different amounts (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ?L) of Ocimum sanctum L. leaf extract as reducing agent without using other chemicals of reducing agents. Based on the volume of metal precursor solution, the phyto-synthesized silver nanoparticles were designated as AgNP-2, AgNP-4, AgNP-6, AgNP-8 and AgNP-10 for further characterization. From the X-ray diffraction characterization, it was observed that the XRD patterns of AgNP-8 and AgNP-10 from synthesized AgNPs only showed the optimal crystallite aggregates for cubic crystal system. Comparing with (JCPDS, DB card No. 00-006-0480) reference, the peaks at 2 values of both AgNP-8 and AgNP10 corresponded to the Miller indices ( ) of cubic system of Ag nanoparticles. From indexing XRD patterns of cubic system, it could be confirmed that the optimal phyto-synthesized AgNP-8 and AgNP-10 were face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal system because of having Miller indices with all odd or all even. It was observed that the average crystallite sizes of AgNP-8 and AgNP-10 were found to be 57.65 nm and 49.82 nm by using Scherrer formula. 2018
47 Thein Hla Kyaw EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITIES FOR WATER SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM FLOODED AND NONFLOODED AREAS IN BAGO CIT DURING 2014-2016 Bago City is situated on the Bago River. Some parts of this cityis frequently being flooded in rainy season. The comparative studies on the quality of water body sites in the flooded and non-flooded areas of Bago City, during the time frame (2014-2016) have been studied. Flooding causes changes of water quality. The physicochemical properties (pH, temperature, DO, COD, BOD, total alkalinity, total hardness, total dissolved solid, nitrate nitrogen, phosphate, chlorinity, salinity and turbidity were determined on a quarterly basis throughout each year. Microbiological properties (total coliform and E. coli) of the water samples were also determined. Atomic absorption spectrophotometric method was used to determine the toxic elements (As, Pb, Hg, and Cd). The qualities of water resources from flooded and non-flooded areas in Bago City and its vicinity have been assessed. 2018
48 Thet Su Min EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIER WITH CDEMA AAM ON GROWTH AND IELD OF TOMATO (CPESM ESCEM M. s such as cow dung, rice straw and rice bran with bioinoculant Trichoderma harzianum (Yezin Isolate). All materials such as cow dung, rice straw, rice bran, bioinoculant Trichoderma harzianum and water were used in composting process for preparation of biofertilizer by open heap layering method. Using the compost products mixed with pure soil at different rates, pot experiment was conducted to test the effect of Trichoderma harzianum as inoculated compost on the growth of tomato plant. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments and five replications. Physical parameters and chemical compositions of soil samples before sowing and after harvesting were analysed by conventional methods and modern techniques. Statistical analysis was carried out using International Rice Research Institute (IRRISTAT Version 5.0) in this study. The results from this study indicated that the prepared biofertilizer is a suitable and effective replacement for chemical fertilizers for the growth and production of tomato 2018
49 Thin Thin Nwe PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIATION OF COMPOSTED ORGANIC FERTILIERS PREPARED FROM ORGANIC WASTES (COW DUNG CORN STALK AND KOKKO LEAVES) erious environmental and health problems can be managed, through production of compost. In the present research work, raw organic materials (cow dung, corn stalk and kokko leaves) that are well suited for application to the soil as a fertilizer or soil conditioner were used as materials for composting. Five kinds of composted organic fertilizers were prepared by using various ratios of these organic waste materials and EM solution and then some physicochemical properties (pH, moisture, EC, Organic matter, C:N ratio, total N, total P2O5, total K2O, Ca, Mg, S) and trace elements (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) necessary for plants of composted organic fertilizers were qualitatively and quantitatively characterized by EDXRF, AAS, and others modern and conventional methods. According to these data, the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of sample 3 (cow dung+ EM) are higher than the others (sample 1,2,4 & 5). However, secondary nutrients, micronutrients and trace elements were higher in samples 1, 2, 4, & 5. Therefore, macronutrients, micronutrients and trace elements needed for plant growth were found in these fertilizers. Thus, making combination of different organic wastes as compost is beneficial for plants by fulfilling of plant nutrients through organic resources and their application in a balanced way for maintaining soil productivity. Furthermore, the use of composted organic fertilizer will not only supplement the chemical fertilizers, but also reduce environmental pollution. 2018
50 Tin Moe Swe GREEN SNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING CHITOSAN AS REDUCING AGENT The development of eco-friendly process for the synthesis of nanoparticle is one of the main steps in the area of nanotechnology research. In this study, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles was conducted from silver nitrate (AgNO3) by using chitosan solution as reducing agent. Silver nanoparticles (Ag nanoparticles) were prepared by adding different volumes of silver nanoparticles (1mL,2mL,3mL,4mL) of 0.01M AgNO3 solution to various concentrations of chitosan solution (1% and 0.5% w/v). To avoid the chemical toxicity, biosynthesis (green synthesis) of metal nanoparticles is proposed as a cost-effective and environmental friendly alternative. The existence of nanoparticles in colloidal solution was confirmed by Tyndall effect. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UVvisible spectroscopy, FT IR, SEM, XRD, EDXRF and determined their antimicrobial activities. The maximum absorption of prepared silver nanoparticles using chitosan solution as reducing agent were observed at the wavelengths of near 390 nm indicating the presence of Ag nanoparticles in colloidal solution. According to antimicrobial activity tests, Ag nanoparticles prepared using 1% (w/v) chitosan solution as reducing agent were found to be more active than 0.5%(w/v) chitosan solution. Among them, the Ag-nanoparticle prepared from 4mLof 0.01 M AgNO3 in 1% w/v of chitosan solution exhibit the highest activity on P.aeruginosa. From the SEM micrograph of this sample, the prepared Ag nanoparticles had spherical shape of various size. XRD analysis of Ag nanoparticles showed the amorphous form. The functional groups of Ag nanoparticles in this sample was identified by FT IR analysis which indicates the presence of Ag-O stretching and deformation. The relative abundance of silver in the prepared sample was investigated by EDXRF. 2018