Research Publications

Academic theses and dissertations are regularly published and widely disseminated in YUOE Journal, Monographs, Universities Research Journal (URJ), Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS) Journal, AsTEN Research Journal and International online Journals for sharing knowledge and contributing to the development of our education.

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research

No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
2771 Moe Moe1, Ei Ei Phyu2, Than Than Soe3, Thet Thet Zin4 COMPARATIVE STUDY ON HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERS, PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA (BURM.F.) WALL. EX NEES AND ANDROGRAPHIS ECHIOIDES (L.) NEES Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees and Andrographis echioides (L.) Nees belong to the family Acanthaceae. These species were collected from Patheingyi Township, Mandalay Region, during August 2022 to March 2023. They are known as traditional medicinal plants not only in Myanmar but also in Asia. The present studies were undertaken to establish a comparative study of morphological, histological characters, phytochemicals analysis, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of two species. The morphological studies of two species have annual erect herbs. The leaves of A. paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees was lanceolate, glabrous on both surfaces. A. echioides (L.) Nees was oblong, pubescent on both surfaces. In histological characters, diacytic types of stomata found only on abaxial surface and stomata index were 13.3-21.43 in A. paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees. A. echioides (L.) Nees observed on both surfaces and stomata index were 14.28-25.0, 20.0-33.33. The phytochemical analysis of aqueous leaves extract showed the presence of high number phytocompounds when compared with ethanol and methanol. It showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, proteins and reducing sugar in both species. The free radicals scavenging of leaves of two species have excellent antioxidant activity showing IC50 value 5.98 and 3.44 mg/l. Antimicrobial activities of the different solvent extracts of leaves were tested on five pathogenic microorganisms. The antibacterial activity of the chloroform extracts of A. paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees were tested against Micrococcus luteus. In A. echioides (L.) Nees, ethyl-acetate extract was found active against the strains of Pseudomonas albicans. The results of present studies can serve as a useful tool in the identification, authentication, and efficacy of the plants, which leads to pharmaceutical application. 2025
2772 Aye Sandar Htay1, Nwe Oo2, Aye Minn Maw3, Ei Ei Phyu4 ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY ON LEAVES OF STROBILANTHES TONKINENSIS LINDAU (LAT-PHAT-HMWE) Strobilanthes tonkinensis Lindau (lat-phat-hmwe) is a medicinal and aromatic plant native to Yunan Province, China. The specimen was collected from Sin Phyu Inn Village, Pyin Oo Lwin Township, Mandalay Region. In the present study, microscopical evaluation on the aqueous, 95% and 70% ethanolic extraction, acute oral toxicity test and antioxidant activity of leaves of Strobilanthes tonkinensis Lindau were investigated. In microscopical evaluation, the presence of glandular and non-glandular trichomes, cystoliths and diacytic stomata showed the distinct characters. The leaves were extracted with 70% and 95% ethanol and water using a reflux extraction method at Research Division, University of Traditional Medicine, Mandalay in 2023. In acute oral toxicity study, six female mice (25 ± 5g) were used for each extract by using main test of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 425 guidelines (2008) at Department of Medical Research, Pyin Oo Lwin Branch. In this study, there are no toxic signs and mortality in mice at the various doses of extract (175 mg/kg, 550 mg/kg, 1750 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg) up to 14 days observation period. Therefore, the LD50 values of Strobilanthes tonkinensis Lindau was found to be more than 5000 mg/kg. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Strobilanthes tonkinensis Lindau were measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assays method at Department of Chemistry, University of Research Centre, Mandalay. In the antioxidant activity, the IC50 value of standard ascorbic acid is 4.271 µg/mL and the aqueous extracts, 70% and 95% ethanolic extracts are 63.618 µg/mL, 5.026 µg/mL and 2.925 µg/mL respectively. Thus, 95% ethanolic extract was the most effective antioxidant activity than the other extracts. Therefore, the leaves of Strobilanthes tonkinensis Lindau are non-toxic and a good source of phytoconstituents including with potential antioxidant and used safely in medicinal purposes. 2025
2773 Ei Ei Phyu1, Nwe Oo2, Myint Khaing3 ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATIONS, MICROSCOPICAL CHARACTERS, NUTRITIONAL VALUES, ELEMENTAL AND HEAVY METAL ANALYSIS ON POWDERED FLOWERS OF MAGNOLIA CHAMPACA (L.) BAILL. EX PIERRE Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex Pierre belongs to family Magnoliaceae. The flower samples (tepals) were collected from aged old trees of Mount Popa in flowering period during 2022 – 2023. In this study, the organoleptic evaluations, microscopical examination, nutritional contents, and elemental and heavy metals constituents of flowers were analyzed. The organoleptic evaluation was carried out at Department of Botany, University of Mandalay in 2022. In this evaluation, the fresh tepals were yellow in colour, leathery in texture, aromatic in odour and indistinct in taste. The dried tepals were yellow in brown, brittle in texture, aromatic in odour and indistinct in taste. The colour of powdered tepals was dark brown, the texture was rough, the odour was aromatic and the taste was indistinct. The microscopical examination was carried out at Department of Botany, University of Mandalay in 2022. In this study, pitted vessels, spiral vessels, fibers, sclereids, fragment of parenchyma cells, portion of epidermal layers, tannin cells and oil cells were found in powdered flowers. Nutritional values were determined at Small Scale Industries Department, Ministry of Cooperative and Rural Development, Yangon in 2023. Carbohydrate content was the highest (63.77 %) and fat was found as the lowest nutrient (1.98 %) in the powdered flowers. Elemental analysis was performed by using Energy Dispersive X- Ray fluorescence (EDXRF) technique at Department of Chemistry, University of Mandalay in 2023. In elemental analysis, potassium (K) was the highest (66.2 %) among the elements. The heavy metal analysis was carried out at Myanmar Food Processors and Exporters Association (MFPEA), Yangon in 2023. Lead (Pb) was detected at very trace concentration. Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) and Mercury (Mg) were not found in powdered flowers. This research may be helpful in checking the purity and adulterants of powdered flowers of Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex Pierre. These flowers may be safety used as a dietary supplement such as a form of herbal tea since it possesses rich source of nutrients and elements and lack of heavy metals. 2025
2774 Swe Swe Aye1, Alfan Danny Arbianto2, Hyun-Jae Jang3 ISOLATION AND STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF NATURAL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ISOLATED FROM THE LEAVES OF GNETUM GNEMON L. The diversity of plants has led to various findings in the medicinal world. The abundance of bioactive existing in the plant is the main factor contributing to its application in pharmaceutical industries. Gnetum gnemon L. is an evergreen and perennial gymnosperm belonging to the Gnetaceae family. In Myanmar, it has been consumed as safety foodstuff for centuries. The aim of the present study is to identify the phytochemicals present in the leaves of G. gnemon. The crude methanol extract was prepared by maceration method and the obtained extract was concentrated by Rotatory evaporator. The three known constituents were isolated from crude methanol extract through repeated column chromatography separations and elucidated by using UPLC-QTOF/MS, and 1H and 13CNMR spectroscopic technique. The three compounds were elucidated as (1) flavonoidal compound, Vicenin II (2) polyphenol, Piceatannol-3´-O-?-D-glucopyranoside and (3) Aglycone, Rhapontigenin glucoside by comparison with MS and NMR spectra in the previous literature. 2025
2775 Khin Yuzana1, Fang Liu2, Yujiao Zhang3, Fengyi Hu4 EFFECT OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON GROWTH OF PERENNIAL RICE UNDER PHOSPHORUS TREATMENT This experiment was explored the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on perennial rice 23 growth allocation under phosphorus conditions. We carried out a pot experiment of inoculating Rhizaphagus irregularis (AM) fungus with perennial rice 23, and set up three different phosphorus (P) levels (40 µM, 80 µM and 160 µM KH2PO4). AM fungus inoculation had significant effect on perennial rice physiological and associated gene expression compared to the control group. Plants phosphate transporter (PT) genes (OsPT11 and OsPT13) were significantly up-regulated with AMF colonization under different P conditions. The inoculation with AMF showed improved plant height, plant biomass of perennial rice 23 (PR 23). In addition, phosphorus treatment also significantly increased the AMF colonization in roots of perennial rice. AMF plays a vital role in diverse functions such as soil health improvement, plant health improvement, and protection of plants against pathogen. Therefore, the molecular and functions understanding of AMF in perennial rice is very important to select an efficient species to reap the full beneficial effects from these fungi. 2025
2776 Thi Thi Htun1, Swe Swe Linn2, Thet Thet Zin3, Naw Alshar Phaw4, Yi Yi Naing5, Soe Soe Aung6 & Nu Nu INVESTIGATION ON CULTIVATION OF FOUR PERENNIAL RICE CULTIVARS IN YEZIN, NAY PYI TAW UNION TERRITORY, MYANMAR One of the activities for more food production in Myanmar was approached to perennial rice cultivation. The perennial rice (PR) cultivation for Myanmar section was conducted at Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw in 2020 to 2021. The seeds of four perennial rice cultivars (PR 23, PR 25, PR 101 and PR 107) were obtained from the Research Centre of Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, the People’s Republic of China. The experimental design was carried out using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The plants of PR cultivars from the sample plots were measured for plant height, numbers of tillers, numbers of panicles, panicle lengths, numbers of spikelets, filled grains weight, unfilled grains weight, filled grain percentages, 1000 grains weight and grain yields (baskets per acre). The tallest plant height (136.0 cm) was found in PR 101. The numbers of tillers in PR 23 and PR 25 were higher than PR 101 and PR 107. The highest filled grain percentage (98.4%) was observed in PR 23, however, the highest 1000 grain weight (31.9 g) was obtained in PR 107. The highest grain yield (105 baskets per acre) was observed in PR 107. The physicochemical properties of the cultivated soil were also recorded. In conclusion the cultivation of perennial rice cultivars can provide the sustainable production capacities for food safety in Myanmar. 2025
2777 May Thin Kyu1 ISOLATION AND SCREENING OF AMYLASE PRODUCING FUNGI FROM SOIL AT TAUNGOO UNIVERSITY CAMPUS Enzymes are the most important substances which are used today in many areas. There are different types of enzymes in the nature. Among these, amylases are one of the most significant and are widely used in the industries. Amylases are widely extracted from the microorganisms, more specifically from the fungi. This present study was aimed to isolate and screen for amylase producing fungi from two different locations of soil at Taungoo University Campus. All together fourteen fungal isolates were obtained from two locations of soil samples. The isolated fungi were preliminary screened for amylolytic activity by growing on potato glucose agar (PGA) using gram’s iodine solution. Among fourteen fungal isolates, ten fungal isolates showed positive amylase activity and four isolates showed negative amylase activity after flooding with gram’s iodine solution. Soils at Taungoo University Campus can be considered as a valuable natural source of amylase producing fungi. 2025
2778 Thuzar Myint1 STUDY ON EPIPHYTIC FERNS IN TANINTHARYI NATURE RESERVE PROJECT (TNRP) AREA, YEPHYU TOWNSHIP, TANINTHARYI REGION A survey of epiphytic ferns was carried out in Tanintharyi Nature Reserve Project (TNRP) Area. The TNRP encompasses an area of 1,700 sq km and is located in the Dawei District Tanintharyi Region, southern Myanmar. A total of 15 species of epiphyte were collected from this area. Epiphytic ferns grow on tree trunks, on mossy tree-trunks or on branches of trees. Most species were found growing in light humus as compared to bark and heavy humus as substrate. The field survey was conducted during September, 2020 to February, 2021. Floristic study of collected specimens were classified the families, genus and species. In this survey was collected 15 species belonged to 7 genera, 4 families. Among these, polypodiaceae was the most species-rich families at the study area. Nephrolepidaceae (Nephrolepis brownii) was found in only one species. 2025
2779 Nwe Nwe1 EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF EM BOKASHI FERTILIZER ON YIELD COMPONENTS AND YIELDS OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L. (SUNFLOWER) Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oilseed crop, but achieving optimal yields requires effective soil management practices. The use of EM bokashi, a fermented organic matter enriched with effective microorganisms, is being explored as a sustainable approach to enhance crop productivity. The study was carried out the effects of different levels of EM bokashi fertilizer on the yield components and overall yields of Helianthus annuus L. cv. (sunflower) under field condition. The experiment was carried out using Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with replicated twice. The different levels of EM bokashi fertilizer (0, 1, 2, 3 ton acre-1) were employed in this experiment. In the result, the 3 tons acre-1 of EM bokashi significantly improved several yield components, the tallest plant height (67.56 cm), the maximum number of leaves (22.80) and largest single leaf area (94.60), head diameters (12.57 cm plant-1), 100 seeds weight (6.73 g plant-1), and total seed weight (46.32 g plant-1). Consequently, the overall seed yields of sunflower were increased (1.59 tons acre-1 and 33.39 baskets acre-1) compared to control. The result indicated that 3 tons acre-1 of EM bokashi can be beneficial soil amendment for enhancing sunflower yield components and overall productivity, offering a sustainable alternative for improving crop yields. 2025
2780 Win Win Aye1, Nwé Nwé Yi2 LEAF ARCHITECTURAL STUDIES ON SIX SPECIES OF ANGIOSPERMS FROM MOHNYIN TOWNSHIP, KACHIN STATE The present paper deals with leaf architectural study on 6 species belonging to 6 genera and 6 families of Angiosperms from Mohnyin Township, Kachin State. The characters studied include leaf attachment, leaf arrangement, leaf organization, laminar shape, base and apex shape, base and apex angle, margin type, leaf texture, petiole features, laminar size classes, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4° and 5° vein category, spacing, angle and areolation. In this study, the leaves were compound in 2 species and simple in 4 species. Symmetrical leaf base and petiole base pulvinate was the characteristic of Phyllodium vestitum Benth. Leaf margin of all species were entire, sinuous, erose and dentate. The texture of leaf was coriaceous in 5 species and membranous in 1 species. In the present research work, three types of laminar size classes (mesophyll in 3 species, macrophyll in 1 species, and notophyll in 2 species) were recorded. Primary vein category were pinnate in 4 species and palmate in 2 species. Secondary vein category were hemieucamptodromous in 1 species, cladodromous in 1 species, brochidodromous in 1 species, festooned semicraspedodromous in 1 species, and eucamptodromous becoming brochidodromous in 2 species. Intersecondary vein was present in 3 species and absent in 3 species. Tertiary vein category were irregular reticulate anastomose in 2 species, transverse freely ramified in 1 species, composite admedial reticulate in 1 species, mixed alternate and opposite percurrent in 1 species, and opposite percurrent in 1 species. Marginal ultimate venation were looped in 5 species and spiked in 1 species. A dichotomous key for the species were constructed. These resulting data showed unifying and distinguishing diagnostic characters that are good taxonomic markers for the identification and classification of flowering plants, especially in dealing with sterile plant specimens. 2025