Research Publications

Academic theses and dissertations are regularly published and widely disseminated in YUOE Journal, Monographs, Universities Research Journal (URJ), Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS) Journal, AsTEN Research Journal and International online Journals for sharing knowledge and contributing to the development of our education.

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research

No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
2711 Htet Htet San1, Kay Khaing Win2 INVESTIGATION OF BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE RHIZOME OF CURCUMA CAESIA ROXB. Curcuma caesia Roxb. commonly known as Sanwin tain pyar or black turmeric, is one of the important and endangered species in the genus of Curcuma. The present study aimed to conduct phytochemical screening, isolating some organic compounds and evaluating the biological activities of the Myanmar medicinal plant C. caesia rhizome, including antidiabetic and anti inflammatory properties. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the rhizome of C. caesia showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, polyphenols, saponin and terpenoids. Five pure compounds (HHS-1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) were isolated from the n-hexane extract of C. caesia by using thin layer and column chromatographic separation methods. The isolated compound (HHS-1) was identified as zederone based on FT IR and UV-vis spectral data and melting point (152-153 ºC). Four extracts and the isolated HHS-1 compound were tested for antidiabetic activity using the Cirillo VP method (Glucose Uptake Capacity by Yeast Cells). The test revealed that the ethyl acetate extract and the HHS-1 compound exhibited the highest antidiabetic activity. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of the compound HHS-1 was determined by the Croton oil-induced ear oedema method. Topical application of the compound HHS-1 showed significant inhibition of the induced ear oedema (39 % for 0.75 mg/ear, 44 % for 1.5 mg/ear and 98 % for 2.25 mg/ear). This study will support further investigations on the pharmacological activity of medicinal plant species in Myanmar. 2025
2712 Wai Wai Phyoe1, Tin Moe Moe Myint Zaw2, NguWah Htwe3, Pyae Phyo San4 COLORATION OF COTTON FABRIC WITH NATURAL COLORANT EXTRACTED FROM WASTE LEAVES OF INDIAN ALMOND (TERMINALIACATAPPA L.) * Indian almond (TerminaliacatappaL.) leaves are the waste of Indian almondtree and the tannin compound present in the leaves extract can be an alternative colorant for synthetic dyes. Indian almondtrees are abundant and the extraction of colorant from leaves is an effective way to utilize the waste leaves as natural colorant. This research aims to extract the natural colorant from Indian almondleaves and the extracted colorant was utilized in the coloration of cotton fabric. The extraction applied in this study was solvent extraction method in which the leaf samples were extracted using ethanol. The colorant extracted from Indian almondleaves was characterized and identified by using UV-vis Spectrophotometry and FT-IR methods. The physico-chemical properties of extracted colorant were investigated. In this research, extracted colorant was applied in the coloration of cotton fabric with and without mordant. Before coloration, the types of mordant on the absorbance of extracted colorant was examined by using different mordants such as alum, CuSO4, FeSO4, K2Cr2O7and CaO, respectively. The effect of mordanting methods on the color development of extract on dyed cotton fabric was determined by using three different methods like pre mordanting, post mordanting and combined mordanting. The analysis of dyeing time on the color development of extracted colorant on dyed cotton fabrics was performed. The high absorbance value (0.928) was observed using alum mordant. Among three different methods, the pre mordanting method was preferable because the color absorption on cotton fabric was great and obvious color change was not occurred. Dyeing time 40 minprovided the better color absorption and color remaining on cotton fabric. For mordanted and unmordanted cotton fabric, the color development of extracted colorant on the cotton fabric such as the color fastness test to sunlight, washing and wet rubbing test were carried out. The results indicated that the colorant extracted from Indian almondleaves could be utilized as natural colorant for the coloration of cotton fabric in the presence of mordant. 2025
2713 Pyai Pyai Phyo1, Tian Liang2 HIGHLY EFFICIENT HYDROGEN EVOLUTION BY USING Zn1-XCdXS COMPOSITES DERIVED METAL ORGANIC FRAMEWORK UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT ILLUMINATION Hydrogen production from water splitting under visible-light irradiation is considered as an ideal process to convert solar energy into renewable hydrogen energy and a promising technology to reduce fossil fuel consumption. In this research, Zn1-XCdXS derived metal organic framework was developed via an elementary hydrothermal method that was integrated with the calcination means. The different experimental parameters were employed to investigate the transformation of phase and morphology. The Zn0.7Cd0.3S nano material exhibited the higher hydrogen production rate of 14.1 mmol h-1g-1 under cocatalyst-free and visible-light irradiation conditions. Furthermore, these ZnCdS nano materials showed excellent long-term stability, maintaining high photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution over a number of cycles. This research work represents a simple strategy to fabricate visible-light responded ZnCdS derived from zeolitic-imidazolate-framework-8 (ZIF-8) and highlights the critical role for developing Z-scheme photocatalyst in solar energy conversion. 2025
2714 Moe Theingi Hlaing1 ASSESSMENT OF THE COLOUR DEVELOPMENT OF SHRIMP PASTE This work is to investigate the quality improvement of Myanmar shrimp paste and to determine the most suitable colorant for shrimp paste from natural sources as well as synthetic products. Natural food colorant, anthocyanin was extracted from purple corn (Tatkon Township, Mandalay Region). Both purple corn-cob and kernel were used for natural colorant. Effects of temperature, extraction time and solvents on the yield percent of anthocyanin were studied. Prepared anthocyanin compounds (cob and kernel) were identified by Fourier Transformed Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Ultraviolet Visible (UV/VIS) Spectroscopy. From UV spectrum, corn-cob and kernel extracts are anthocyanidins and anthocyanins. The FT-IR spectrum of extracted compound indicated for hydroxyl group, methoxy group, carbonyl group and secondary alcohol. For synthetic food colorant, secondary permitted food colorants are used to prepare the tertiary color for shrimp paste. Different permitted food dyes were mixed in different ratios to prepare color, suitable for shrimp paste. The color stability of the shrimp paste produced by using natural or synthetic colorants was assessed during one year storage period. Color No.359 was almost identical to natural shrimp paste colour of the better quality and popular one. Synthetic food colorant mixture (Color No.359) was observed to be more attractive to the consumers than anthocyanin extract, although both colorants lasted for 8 months. This research work will support the need of shrimp paste dealers to attract customers. 2025
2715 Ei Thu Zar Naing1, Mon Mon Maung2 PROCESSING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FERMENTED FOODS FROM LOCALLY AVAILABLE GREENGAGE PLUM Fermented foods have been produced from all manner of plant materials and not only from fruits. The conversion of raw food materials into finished fermented products is considered to be one of the best examples of “value added” processing. This research focused on the preparation of fermented food from locally available greengage plums and on the effects of sugar, yeast, fermentation and storage time on the properties of fermented food over a 1-year fermentation period. Firstly, characteristics of greengage plum were studied and greengage plum wine was processed with variations in sugar, yeast and fermentation period; the properties of the prepared wines were also analysed. The effects of these on the product’s characteristics were investigated. Secondly, greengage plum syrup was prepared by fermenting greengage plums with varying sugar levels and storage times. The color of fermented foods was determined by UV Spectrophotometer, and the acceptability of experimental fermented foods was perceived by sensory evaluation using 9-Point Hedonic Scale Rating Test. The most suitable greengage plum syrup was obtained at the ratio of greengage plum to sugar (1:1). The highest alcohol content 10 % (v/v) in prepared greengage plum wine was formed with 1: 0.75 greengage plums to sugar ratio after seven weeks of fermentation period. 2025
2716 Sandar Win1, Shwe Zin Mon2 OPTIMIZATION OF TANNIN EXTRACTION FROM TAMARIND SEED TESTA AND ITS APPLICATION Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) is abundantly found in Myanmar and is also a commercially used plant. In natural dyeing tannins play an important role as a mordant and have an affinity to cellulose as well as to protein fiber. This study is aimed to the extraction of natural tannin from tamarind seed testa and application of cotton and silk fabric as natural mordant. The color compounds present in tamarind seed testa were identified by phytochemical tests. The mineral content of tamarind seed testa was analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopy. Tannin was extracted from tamarind seed testa using ethanol-water mixture by simple distillation method. The effects of extraction temperature, time and ethanol-water ratio on the yield percent of tannin powder were investigated. In the extraction with 95 % ethanol-water mixture, ethanol-water ratio (35:15), extraction time 60 min and temperature 50 °C were suitable conditions for the preparation of extracted tannin. The functional groups present in extracted tannin was determined by using FTIR spectrometer. The extracted tannin powder was applied as a natural mordant alone and the tannin treated fabric was further mordanted with copper sulphate for dyeing of cotton and silk fabrics. The washing and rubbing fastness of dyed fabrics were tested by grey scale. 2025
2717 Hlaing Darli Soe1, Zin Min Myat2, Zin Min Tun3, Yin Maung Maung4 OPTICAL FEATURES OF NANOFIBROUS SCAFFOLDS COMPRISING ZINC STANNATE, FABRICATED THROUGH ELECTROSPINNING* This study employed a sol-gel method to prepare zinc stannate nanopowder using zinc and tin chloride. Subsequently, zinc stannate nanofibers were synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates through an aqueous solution of zinc stannate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using electrospinning. Natural dyes extracted from barks (Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Prunus domestica, Tamarindus indica, Pterocarpus macrocarpus) were utilized as photosensitizers in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The natural dye solutions and zinc stannate nanofibers' optical properties, including absorption wavelengths and energy band gaps, were analyzed using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy for DSSC photoelectrodes. The study observed significant variations in absorption wavelengths and energy band gaps. This environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach aims to enhance the efficiency and durability of zinc stannate nanomaterials for energy generation. 2025
2718 Zaw Min Tun1, Zin Min Myat2 GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM CENTELLA ASIATICA (L.) LEAF EXTRACT AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY* Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit unique properties due to their size, distribution, and morphology, which contribute to their prominence in the expanding domain of nanotechnology. In this research, leaf extract from Centella asiatica L. was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles utilizing a green synthesis. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using a variety of experimental techniques, such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Vis Spectroscopy. The resulting silver nanoparticles were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against six microorganisms: Aspergillus flavous, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicons, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas flurorescens. This research leads to comprehensive and valuable results, due to their primary physicochemical characteristics and some of their potential medical uses. 2025
2719 Wint Nandar Soe1, Than Than Htwe2, Nyunt Win3 and Cho Cho Thet4 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE- CONDUCTIVE COPOLYMER COMPOSITE FILMS* Conductive composites include any composite having significant electrical conductivity. An electrically conductive filler such as carbon-based materials like graphene when added to insufficient quantities of a polymeric resin, a conductive composite is formed. This research focus on the preparation of the conductive polymer using the organic copolymer and the inorganic particles. Copolymer P(Py-co-FPy) films were prepared by chemical copolymerization of pyrrole (Py) and pyrrole -2carboxaldehyde (FPy) in the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) catalyst and chloroform (CHCl3) solvent. As the inorganic component, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized by chemical reduction method. In preparation of P(Py-co-FPy)-rGO composite films the different grams of rGO powders are incorporated into the copolymer matrices by ex-situ chemical copolymerization through spin coating technique. The structural and electrical properties of copolymer and composite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the conductivities of the composite films are increased with the concentration of inorganic particles. It is found that the conductivities of P(Py-co-FPy)-rGO (0.3 g) composite film are greater than those of pure copolymer P(Py-co-FPy) film. 2025
2720 Nan Htet Htet Oo1, Zin Min Myat2, Zin Min Tun3, Yin Maung Maung4 INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF SnO2/ZnO BILAYER FILMS AS ELECTRON TRANSPORT LAYERS IN PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS This study focuses on the structural, chemical, and optical properties of SnO2/ZnO films, prepared through sol-gel and spin-coating techniques on FTO-coated glass substrates. The research employs X-ray Diffraction (XRD) for crystalline structure analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for material verification, and UV-Vis spectroscopy to examine optical properties and energy band gaps. The presented approach demonstrates an efficient and cost effective method for producing approving SnO2/ZnO ETLs in perovskite-based quantum dot solar cells. 2025