Research List

No.	Researcher	Title	Abstract	Year
1201	Tin Tin Myint	VALUE OF THE TEACHER IN EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY	The development of human qualities depend on the importance of education. Philosophy of education concerns every aspect of the educational enterprise. The main concern of the philosophy of education is to formulate the purpose of education, the method of teaching, what ought to be taught, and how it should be taught. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804, German Philosopher), holds that the ultimate aim of education is to promote the realization of the peaceful international state as the embodiment of human perfection. In our country including the world, it is impossible to stand without having teachers in the field of education, for peace and the development. In this case, the value of the teacher is vital for society. The purpose of this research paper is to present the value of the teacher in educational philosophy.	2020
1202	Duh Bik Cem	THE ROLE OF MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN ESTABLISHING SOCIAL AND POLITICAL HARMONY	This paper attempts to solve the problem why the virtue of mutual understanding is important in establishing social harmony and political changes.1 In every form of building social and political harmony, mutual understanding is necessary. The spirit of mutual understanding is the foundation of social and political harmony of a society.2 In human society there may be ideological differences concerning beliefs, ideas, cultures, religion and so on. The outcomes of mutual understanding can lead to positive steps and to right solutions for many problems. The essence of mutual understanding has a power to unite and mould a harmonized society.3 The descriptive and evaluative methods are used to solve the research problem of this paper.4 The principle of reciprocity is used as a research principle to show the necessity of mutual understanding in both social and political issues.5	2020
1203	Than Than Maw	THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES AND LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG ADULTS IN YANGON REGION*	The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between demographic variables and life satisfaction among the adults in Yangon region. The participants were 1002 people from various sectors of 37 townships in Yangon region. To measure the life satisfaction of the participants, the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) developed by Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, (1985) was used. Demographic factors such as gender, age, education, marital status, number of children, housing, possession, occupation, income, and types of occupation were also asked. According to the results, the life satisfaction of the adults was affected by some demographic factors such as income, household positions, age, educational level, marital status. Although 4.3% participants in neutral, among 1002 of subjects, 58.8% are satisfied with their lives and 36.9% are dissatisfied. The findings illustrate that Myanmar citizens are still holding materialistic values. This study shows the awareness of lives the Myanmar population live in and a joyful life could be created and the life of an individual can also be predicted according to the demographic factors of that individual. This study can also provide the supportive information to the government and the policy makers into the path; to encourage the way to live, to have awareness of the factors influencing on life satisfaction and to create a happy life; in order to improve the life satisfaction of the community to national level of Myanmar.	2020
1204	Yu Yu Khaing	THE STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATERNAL “EMOTION SOCIALIZATION” AND CHILDREN'S SOCIAL COMPETENCE: THE ROLE OF CHILD TEMPERAMENT	The present study were to describe and provide initial support for the validity of the Future Scenarios Questionnaire (FSQ) based on a translation of the Lundell’s (2008) original instrument, a new self-report questionnaire designed to measure parental responding to anticipated children’s negative emotions; and to examine how maternal responses on the FSQ related to young children’s aggressive, asocial, and prosocial behaviors with peers. Further, this study examined whether the temperamental trait of negative affect moderated the relation between maternal responses on the FSQ and children’s social adjustment outcomes. Participants were 107 mothers of preschool-age children. Mothers were requested to provide ratings on the FSQ and child temperament ratings on the Child Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ; Rothbart, Ahadi, & Hershey, 1994). They also completed a range of measures which were designed to assess the construct validity of the FSQ. These included measures of attachment representations, maternal mind-mindedness, perceived control, and alexithymia. Thirty-two teachers provided ratings on the Child Behavior Scale (CBS; Ladd & Profilet, 1996) for children’s aggressive, asocial, and prosocial behaviors in the peer context. Factor analysis of the FSQ revealed two subscales: Encourage Emotion Expression (EEE) and Discourage Emotion Expression (DEE). Further, the results of the moderation analyses showed that maternal responding on the FSQ interacts with negative affect in the prediction of child behaviors, but not in the hypothesized ways. In particular, discouraging emotion expression significantly predicted less asocial behavior and more prosocial behavior (approached significance), but only for children rated high in negative affect. None of these relations was significant for children rated low in negative affect. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the importance of child temperament in emotion socialization processes.	2020
1205	Aye Aye Aung	COMMUNAL VALUE AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION: A CASE STUDY OF HOT AIR BALLOON (MEE PONE PYAN) FESTIVAL IN TAUNGGYI, SOUTHERN SHAN STATE*	Hot Air Balloon Festival (Mee Pone Pyan festival)is celebrated in Taunggyi, Southern Shan State, as the state festival for not only local people but also Tourists. It was established as a religious ritual for paying homage to the Buddha. However, as times changed economic and development factors arose that led to the expansion of the ritual to that of a festival. The main themes were not changed for the festival, but the making and launching process of hot air balloons festival. Contributed greatly to communal value and social integration, previously the making and launching hot air balloon were represented as the highlight of cultural activity as well as the social activity of community. The aim of this study is to show how the communal values and social integration gradually developed and changed in the process of the celebrating hot air balloons festival. These items were explored by applying the qualitative research methodology especially using participant observation, key informant interview and focus group discussion. Data were analyzed and created by descriptive study design. By doing this research, it can be explored that although the festival encourage promotion of individual identity, it also has a positive impact of changing communal values and social integration.	2020
1206	Nyein Chan Soe	PARITTA RECITATION FOUND IN BAGAN INSCRIPTIONS AND VISUAL ART	The Buddha taught Dhamma for the welfare of the many not only in this life but in the next life. Since Buddhism has been introduced in Burma, Buddhist teachings the Dhamma is the guiding light in their daily life and Myanmars believe they will gain happiness in the present life as well as hereafter through Buddhist ways. Among Buddhist teachings, Paritta discourses were taught by the Buddha so that monks and nuns could live in forests and hermitages safely and peacefully. In Pyu Period, there are some manuscripts mentioning three Paritta discourses. In Pagan Period, there are murals, glazed plaques and cloth paintings in the Lokahteikpan temple, Thadhammaransi temple, Alopyi temple, Dhammarajaka pagoda, etc, which illustrate the Paritta events. There are inscriptions mentioning Paritta recitation on special occasions. There are eleven Paritta discourses. The research problem is; ‘Is Paritta recitation Mahayana tradition?’, as said by a renowned historian. In Theravada Buddhism also, the Buddha taught Paritta discourses and his followers recite Paritta discourses to evade danger and gain enlightenment. There are obligations which musts be fulfilled by the reciter and listeners of Paritta discourses. In fact, Paritta recitation has been taught by all Buddhas and Bodhisatta also used Paritta flowers, sand and thread to protect himself. At the present time, there are some occasions of Paritta recitation done by monks and lay people. So long as Buddhism has been propagated in Burma, the tradition of Paritta recitation will last for years. Paritta thread, water, sand and flowers are used as protective and curative factors.	2020
1207	Cho Thae	TRADITIONAL NOVITIATION CEREMONY OF KANAN NATIONAL LIVING IN LEIKSAW VILLAGE, BAMMAUK TOWNSHIP, KATHA DISTRICT, SAGAING REGION	This paper is a study of the novitiation ceremony of Kanan nationals living in Leiksaw village, Bammauk Township, Katha District, Sagaing Region. All Kanan nationals are Buddhists, but they believe in traditional spirits. Their main occupation is farming. There are 152 households and 152 families and the population is 1618. There are 784 males and 834 females in the village. Leiksaw village is about 40 miles far from the Northwest of Bammauk. By studying novitiation ceremony of Kanan nationals, communal activities and attitudes such as harmonious discussion of initiates’ parents, approval of the abbot’s advice, the influence of the leader of bachelors, volition of the parents, management of bachelors and maids and their mutual help, local foods are explored. Traditions and customs of initiation ceremony of Kanan nationals are discussed from anthropological point of view. As data collection methods, such research tools as individual depth interview (IDI) and key informant interview (KII) are used. Communal operation is handed down among new generations by studying initiation ceremony of Kanan nationals. It is hoped that the paper will contribute to the maintenance of cultural heritage and implementation of cultural policies of the Ministry of Religious and Cultural Affairs to some extent.	2020
1208	Lwin Lwin Aung	THE MECHANISM OF REMITTANCE USE AND ALLOCATION OF MIGRANT WORKERS IN FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRIES AT INDUSTRIAL ZONE (1), MANDALAY	Migrant labourers have gained an important part in global economy, as the remittance migrants send their income to their families account for a significant share of the overall household income. Remittances are usually defined as the sum of workers’ remittances, compensation of employees and migrants’ transfers in the balance of payments (Ratha, 2003). However, remittance channel and allocation are important; remittances have directly influenced the livelihoods and poverty reduction of the households, as the money is often used to support their children’ education, food, shelter and medical treatment. The aim of this research is to discover how the internal migrant workers from food and beverage industry, industrial zone (1), Mandalay cope to use and allocate their income. The objectives of this study are to explore how they use and allocate their income, and which channel is used for remittance transfer. The descriptive research design is applied in this research. Key informant interview, and Focus Group discussion are conducted. As the research outcome, these mechanisms of the use and allocation of their income include the various strategies to increase their income by migrating elsewhere in search of a new job and by relying more heavily on remittances, and balancing saving and expenditure, especially for their livelihood.	2020
1209	Thet Mar Aye	ANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MANAU FESTIVAL	People of Myanmar, like all other people in the world, celebrate special occasions and functions according to the races and traditions they belong to. The traditions and customs that come through the generations from those occasions and functions. Are of great importance in early years of the world, is was believed that theManau festival was celebrated only by celestial spirits such as Madaispirit (nat) and other of spirits (nats). At that time, human beings were incapable of celebrating Manau dances. Manau festival is a great religious ceremony and Nat dance which may be given by shaman who propitiates the Madai Nat- the nat of riches. The specific objectives are to explore the significances of processes in Manau festival, and to describe the interrelationships between socio-economic life and Manau festival. The study was conducted with qualitative methods. Key informants interview, undertake, direct observation and indirect observation, focus group discussion, and informal interview were conducted to collect data. The Manau festival is the largest and the most magnificent festival. Study their traditional ceremonies show that they are important events for Zaiwa (Azi) national’s socio-economic life, and socio-political life. Therefore, it can be said that Manau festival, despite being a religious functions, are important for the people’s socio-economic life and socio-political life. Spirit (nat) worship practice remains in the past while Christianity has taken its place. This makes some changes in Zaiwa (Azi) National’s culture, customs, beliefs, value standard, and ethnicity. Manau festival is the most spectacular and they form the occasions for many people region wide to have intimacy and to strengthen their ties and unity. Just as these festivals can give them a chance to meet old mates and friends, they can find new friends and acquaintances too.	2020
1210	Myint Zu Win	CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MYANMAR AND THAILAND SINCE 2011*	The civil-military relations (CMR) refers not only interactions and balance of power between the elected civilian politicians and military leadership but also relations between the military as an autonomous institution within the state and other non-military apparatus of the state, as well as civil society. For a country in transition from military to civilian government, CMR plays an important role in the consolidation of democracy. Civil-military dynamics are shaped by historical, cultural, political, societal and international factors. With the military’s power embedded in the 2008 constitution and 2017 constitution, the military plays a critical role in shaping the civilian government pathway in Myanmar and Thailand. Although both countries are practicing democracy by the civilian governments, the military remains as a central role in politics. To achieve a consolidated democracy, it is necessary to have healthy CMR with civilian control over the military. Because of such circumstances, this paper aims to analyze the interactions and balance of power between the civilian and the military from the comparative perspective of Myanmar and Thailand. Upon the CMR in Myanmar and Thailand, the research question focuses on how Myanmar and Thailand establish their CMR towards democratization and democratic consolidation and what the similarities and differences on CMR are in Myanmar and Thailand during the transition from military to civilian governments.	2020

Research Publications

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research