Research List

No.	Researcher	Title	Abstract	Year
1211	Tin Tin Aye	GENDER EQUALITY: IMPROVEMENT OR IMPEDIMENT FOR MYANMAR WOMEN	As Myanmar community regardless of religion and race, is a culture-based one, the role of women participation or significance in economic, political and socio-cultural areas have been still questionable in terms of size and level of women representing to such areas. Much as the literature on transition commonly excludes gender relations from its considerations, many studies of Myanmar political transition also neglect a gender perspective. Myanmar women are facing with many challenges mainly due to traditional perceptions, societal norms and values, and institutional mechanisms. The obstacles or impediment to gender equality have ranged from a lack of equal job opportunities, participation in nation building or political arena. After the democratic transition in Myanmar, policies, practices and legal framework for gender equality have been dramatically initiated. But barriers to Myanmar women for gender equality are still significant to a certain extent. Therefore, the role of women may not participate like men in economic, political and social life. This paper examines gender inequality process before and after the democratic transition. It explores the barriers of women in social (cultural norms), economic and political spheres.	2020
1212	Hla Myo Than	THE UNHCR AND ITS MANDATE ON REFUGEE REPATRIATION IN THE RAKHINE STATE	The UNHCR is mandated to provide international protection and humanitarian assistance for refugees and to seek durable solutions for refugee problem by assisting governments, in cooperation with Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) with the aim to facilitate voluntary repatriation of refugees. In case of refugee repatriation, an approach has to be implemented in close cooperation among countries of origin, host countries, UNHCR and its humanitarian and development partners as well as refugees. Before signing the Memorandum of Understandings (MoUs) between the government of Myanmar and UNHCR, and between the governments of Myanmar and Bangladesh in 1993, the UNHCR took part in refugee repatriation in the Rakhine State. The objective of this research is to identify issues and constraints in refugee repatriation between Myanmar and UNHCR operating in the Rakhaine State. It also analyzes how far the UNHCR carried out its task in managing repatriation and rehabilitation through international community whose major emphasis is the basic humanitarian assistance to refugees while the government of Myanmar and its state government are facing with barriers in scrutinizing the documented immigration records of refugee repatriation and resettlement. The research question that attempted to answer in this paper is whether or not UNHCR and its genuine mandate is based on independence, impartiality and equality in carrying out its humanitarian actions in the Rakhine State in Myanmar.	2020
1213	Lin Lin Khine	JAPAN’S POLICY TOWARDS MYANMAR (2011-2017): CATCHING UP WITH A CLOSED RELATIONSHIP OR OPENING “NEW ERA”	After 2011, Myanmar-Japan relations promote again and open up new chapter of friendship relations. The “Containment and Engagement” focus on the phenomena of individual approaches to the instruments, regions and targets. Japanese ODA policy was used as a tool for democratic transition of Myanmar and to reduce China’s influence on Myanmar as target. The rise of China’s influence in Indo-Pacific and political change of Myanmar are push factors for promoting bilateral relations under civilian government. After democratization, Myanmar government continues to practice non-aligned, independent and active foreign policy and promote relations with all countries including Japan to reduce dependent on China. Japanese government used this opportunity to promote relations with Myanmar. Containment of China’s effects is more or less effective under the civilian government for opening new historic friendship relationship.	2020
1214	Thida	MON WRITING AND INSCRIPTIONS IN THE FIRST ERA (5th -12th CENTURY AD) OF MON LITERATURE DEVELOPMENT*	There are several national ethnic groups in Myanmar. They have their own unique languages, literatures, and cultures. They found their own kingdoms both in Thailand and Myanmar and enriched own literary records, religious buildings and cultural heritages. During Bagan era, Mon literature and culture has greatly achieved. Mon literature had been famous from Dvaravati era to the present time. Mon literature divided in three eras such as ancient, mediaeval and modern. The paper reveals the inscriptions of Mon literature and their development writing in the first era from 5th century AD to 12th century AD. The paper intend to reveal the nearly disappearance of Mon literature, to value and pay regard as the high standard of Mon literature as the oldest literature in Myanmar and their location. The paper is based on literature search method from various information centers. The paper includes the history and civilization of Mon, inscriptions of Mon literature in each era and writing system of alphabets. This paper will be beneficial to all the new Mon generations as well as other nationals who are interested in the Mon literature development. Besides, the paper will surely support the development of national literatures.	2020
1215	Nitra Soe Min	PUBLIC LIBRARIES, RELIABLE SOURCES FOR PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE	In this knowledge age, people need to broaden their horizons. The fountain of wisdom flows through books. The seeds of knowledge must be cultivated in public. Public libraries play an important role in the overall development. Moreover, they are social institutions that serve as cultural, educational and social hubs for communities. Acting like communities’ partners, public libraries or people’s universities might best support the development of users in their communities. The literature search method is used in this research paper. Having awareness of Global Trend in the library field, modern public libraries need to provide a means of self-education which is endless. In reality, libraries can drive the process across the entire world. In order to serve as a remarkable source for public library, librarians and the users, this research work is done.	2020
1216	Nwe Nwe Yee	A STUDY OF THE PYINNYA MAGAZINE (JOURNAL OF EDUCATION) APPEARED DURING THE PERIOD OF 1938 TO 1956	Nowadays the old Myanmar magazines are very rare but those reflect Myanmar social life and custom including the situation of politics, education in the past. Magazines are one of the most often accessed information resources by public and include various subjects of writings by numerous writers. The research paper attempts to study and focus on the Pyinnya magazine appeared during the period of 1938 to 1956. The first issue was published in January 1938 and it was an old Myanmar educational magazine under the patronage of Education Department. The magazine was published 116 issues during these year but 76 issues only were found. The Pyinnya magazine aimed at giving benefits to all teachers, students and even schools for native. Based on the data collection of literary search method, the paper has studied the features of each magazine in respect to background history, design, and layout, publishing and responsible persons of the magazine after that content of the literary values appeared in magazine. The result gained from the paper is to our knowledge of teaching and teaching methods, education system and condition of school teachers over 50 years ago.	2020
1217	Su Myat Aye	AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF TEACHER EDUCATORS’ SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE*	The main purpose of this study is to develop a social intelligence scale for Myanmar teacher educators and then to investigate the teacher educators’ social intelligence. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used in this study. A total of 1102 teacher educators from three education universities and nine education colleges participated as a sample and cluster sampling technique was used in this study. An appropriate social intelligence scale for Myanmar teacher educators was developed by applying two parameter logistic model of item response theory (IRT). The results showed that the accuracies of ability estimates of the scale are sufficient on the ability scale of between -1 and + 3. According to the discrimination indices, the items are fairly good items to provide appropriate discrimination for the whole test. Considering their difficulty indices, it is concluded that the test is fairly difficult. The results showed that among the four dimensions of social intelligence, social awareness stood the highest whereas social skill was found to be the weakest. According to the result of independent sample t-test, there were no significant differences in social intelligence by gender and marital status. But, concerning their professional specialization, teacher educators in pedagogic majoring had higher social intelligence than those in non-pedagogic majoring. The results of ANOVA revealed that younger teacher educators were higher socially intelligent than older teacher educators.	2020
1218	Su Nwe Win	PERFECTIONISM AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF STUDENT TEACHERS	The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perfectionism on psychological well-being of student teachers. Descriptive survey method and quantitative approach were used in this study. A total of 1200 student teachers (600 males and 600 females) attending the first year to fifth year from Yangon University of Education, Sagaing University of Education and University for the Development of the National Races of the Union participated in this study. Revised Almost Perfect Scale (APS-R) and Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) were used as research instruments. Revised Almost Perfect Scale consisted of 23 items and three subscales: high standards, order and discrepancy. Psychological Well-Being Scale consisted of 42 items and six subscales: autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life and self-acceptance. In this study, by using cluster analysis, three distinct perfectionism profiles (i.e., adaptive, maladaptive and non-perfectionists) were extracted. There was no significant difference in perfectionism types by gender and university. But, concerning the education level, significant differences were found. There were significant differences in psychological well-being by gender, education level and university. And then, the between-group differences were examined through a series of univariate analyses of variance based on the perfectionism profile membership. As expected, in overall psychological well-being and all its factors: autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life, self-acceptance, significant differences were found among adaptive perfectionist, maladaptive perfectionist and non-perfectionist student teachers	2020
1219	Phyu Phyu Thant	THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACADEMIC RESILIENCE AND ACADEMIC STRESS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS	The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between academic resilience and academic stress of secondary school students. Descriptive survey method and quantitative research design were used in this study. This study was conducted with a sample of 821 (366 boys and 455 girls) secondary school students studying in eight schools of four districts in Yangon Region. The required sample was selected by using random sampling technique. As the research instruments, Resilience and Youth Development Questionnaire developed by Thomas. L. Hanson & Jin-Ok Kim (2007) and Formal Academic Stress Inventory developed by Tabachnick, B.G. and Fidell, L.S. (2007) were applied in this study. As a result of descriptive statistics, most of the students in this study were resilient students and they also have average academic stress. The results of t-test revealed that there was a significant difference between students’ academic resilience by gender but the students’ academic stress was not. ANOVA results showed that there were significant differences in students’ academic resilience and academic stress according to age, districts and schools. Then, the academic stress of secondary school students had significant differences with regard to their parents’ education and no. of siblings. The results also showed that there was a significant relationship between academic resilience and academic stress of secondary school students.	2020
1220	Yu Nge Htway	SOCIAL COMPARISONS OF IN-SERVICE TEACHERS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON ADJUSTMENT AND EMOTIONS	The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of social comparisons on teachers’ adjustment (adjustment indicators: job satisfaction, teachers’ sense of efficacy, intentions to quit, and burnout) and emotions. The study explored the differences in teachers’ uses of social comparisons, adjustment and emotions according to region, age, years of teaching experiences, and designations and the effects of each type of social comparisons on teachers’ adjustment and emotions were also studied. A total of 757 teachers (370 teachers from Yangon Region and 387 teachers from Kayin State) were chosen as a sample. Self-regulation strategy questionnaire composed of three subscales, each with two items; 5 items Teacher Satisfaction Survey; Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale that involved 24 items; Occupational Commitment Scale with 3 items; Maslach Burnout Inventory with three subscales with 22 items; and Teacher Emotions Scale with three subscales that consisted of 12 items were used as instruments for the study.According to this study, there were significant difference in teachers’ sense of efficacy, personal accomplishment, and anxiety by region. Teachers from Yangon Region were higher in teachers’ positive adjustment and less in anxiety than teachers from Kayin State. The results of ANOVA revealed that teachers with greater teaching experiences could make more adjustment and had more positive emotions than fewer teaching experienced teachers. In addition, senior teachers were found with greater intentions to quit and burnout and with less job satisfaction and teachers’ sense of efficacy than primary teachers. Senior teachers’ depersonalization and anger were higher and their personal accomplishment was lower than other teachers. Upward social comparison was explored to provide teachers’ positive adjustment and positive emotions though horizontal social comparison was related with teachers’ negative adjustment and negative emotions. Downward social comparison was found no relation with teachers’ adjustment and emotions.	2020

Research Publications

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research