Research Publications

Academic theses and dissertations are regularly published and widely disseminated in YUOE Journal, Monographs, Universities Research Journal (URJ), Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS) Journal, AsTEN Research Journal and International online Journals for sharing knowledge and contributing to the development of our education.

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research

No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
1181 Shan Bo Minn RELATIONSHIP AMONG TEACHERS’ PERSONALITY TRAITS, LEADERSHIP STYLES AND SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship among teachers’ personality, leadership styles and self-efficacy beliefs at Basic Education High Schools in Salin Township. A nonexperimental, descriptive research design provided the framework for this study. A total of 300 teachers from 8 high schools participated in this study. In order to collect and analyze quantitative data, three surveys were used to obtain the data needed from the samples. The instrument of “Big Five Inventory (BFI)” measured the 5 factors of teachers’ personality: “Extraversion”, “Openness”, “Neuroticism”, “Agreeableness” and “Conscientiousness”. Similarly, the “Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire Form 5X (MLQ-5X)” measured the 3 subscales of teachers’ leadership styles: “Transformational Leadership Style”, “Transactional Leadership Style” and “Laissez-Faire Style”. Again, the instrument of “Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES)” measured the 3 dimensions of teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs: “Efficacy of Classroom Management”, “Efficacy of Student Engagement” and “Efficacy of Instructional Strategies”. Similarly, interviews were conducted with selected teachers to examine what personality traits teachers had, how they lead their students, and how they believed their abilities to manage their classrooms and instruction. The results of this study indicated that teachers in high schools had high level of “Overall Personality Traits” and “Overall Self-Efficacy Beliefs”. In addition, they frequently practiced “Transformational Leadership Style” and “Transactional Leadership Style” in their classrooms. Based on the research findings, teachers' personality traits, leadership styles and self-efficacy beliefs were statistically and significantly related with each other. Professional development activities which can improve teachers' personality, leadership and self-efficacy beliefs need to be provided to teachers and experienced principals should provide them with strategies to be instructional leaders in their schools. Further research needs to extend the study to other building levels and townships or regions to determine if teachers’ personality traits and leadership styles are associated with their self-efficacy beliefs. 2020
1182 Thandar Soe THE IMPACT OF COLLEGIAL LEADERSHIP, TEACHER PROFESSIONALISM AND FACULTY TRUST ON TEACHER ACADEMIC OPTIMISM AT SELECTED BASIC EDUCATION HIGH SCHOOLS IN MANDALAY The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of collegial leadership, teacher professionalism and faculty trust on teacher academic optimism at selected Basic Education High Schools in Mandalay. Descriptive research method was applied to collect data from six principals and five hundred and three teachers from six selected high schools in Mandalay. In this study, three instruments were mainly used in Questionnaire for Teachers. Collegial leadership and teacher professionalism were identified through the use of “The Organizational Climate Index (OCI)” developed by Hoy, Smith, & Sweetland (2002, Dean, 2011). Again, “The Omnibus Trust Scale (Omnibus-T scale)” developed by Hoy and Tschannen-Moran (1999, Dean, 2011) was used in order to measure the faculty trust in principals and colleagues in this study. Similarly, “The School Academic Optimism Scale for Elementary Teachers (SAOS)” developed by Hoy & Tarter (2006, Dean, 2011) was also used to elicit the perceptions of teachers on their academic optimism. It consisted of three domains of teacher academic optimism: collective efficacy, faculty trust in clients and academic emphasis. Data was analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, bivariate correlation and multiple regression analysis through SPSS software. The findings of this study indicated that principal’s collegial leadership was significantly related to teacher academic optimism (r = .61, p<.01) and there was positive correlation between teacher professionalism and academic optimism (r = .61, p<.01) at selected high schools. Again, positively high correlation was found between the overall faculty trust and teacher academic optimism (r = .70, p<.01) at selected high schools. Moreover, multiple regression analysis showed that academic optimism can be predicted from the combination of collegial leadership, teacher professionalism and faculty trust. Further studies are needed to be expanded this study to improve the quality of education in all sectors of education by considering other leadership styles. 2020
1183 Thida Soe A WORD-LEVEL ANALYSIS OF FEMINIST LANGUAGE IN MARILYN FRENCH’S DEBUT NOVEL “THE WOMEN’S ROOM”* This research deals with a word-level analysis of feminist language used by an American feminist author Marilyn French in her debut novel ‘The Women’s Room’. The objectives of this research are to explore words with negative connotations for women together with specific types of sexist language use they belong to, and to find out which type of sexist language use is the most dominant in the novel. The investigation was conducted based on Mills’ (1995) feminist stylistic analysis at the level of the word, focusing the area of sexism and meaning. The findings showed that of all types of sexist language use, words with negative connotations for women occurred most in ‘Naming and Androcentrism’. The research proved the existence of sexism in the English language as some words used for women found in the novel have identifiable negative connotations and the sense of devaluation. 2020
1184 Aung Zaw Moe A STUDY OF THE TRANSLATION BY WIN PE OF METAPHORICAL EXPRESSIONS IN ZAWGYI’S ‘STILL WEARING A FLOWER’ (PANN PAN LYET PAR) POEM This research focuses on the translation by Win Pe (Mya Zin) of metaphorical expressions in Zawgyi’s ‘Still Wearing A Flower’ (Pann Pan Lyet Par), the tenth of the forty-one stanzas under the title ‘Hyacinth's Way’ (Beda Lan). The entire poem is regarded as a highly metaphorical poetic piece by many scholars and critics, and the selected stanza can be said to be the most famous of all. The translator, Win Pe is a prolific author, poet and scholar. He has translated many classical as well as modern Myanmar poems into English. By permission of the original poet, Zawgyi, his translations of the series of ‘Hyacinth Way’ stanzas appeared in the ‘Working People’s Daily’ at different times from 1989 to 1990. In this paper, the translation procedures the translator uses in rendering the metaphorical expressions in the stanza were studied, based on the theories proposed by Newmark (1988). The study revealed that in translating metaphorical expressions in the stanza, the metaphorical translation procedures of 'reproducing the same image in the target language', ‘conversion of metaphor to sense’ and ‘deletion’, are used and the procedure of 'reproducing the same image in the target language' is most common in the translation. 2020
1185 Kaung Myat San THE COGNITIVE THINKING LEVELS CALLED FOR BY THE INSTRUCTIONS IN THE COURSEBOOK GLOBAL B1 Nowadays, many ELT teachers, educators and other subject teachers are aware of the need to integrate 21st century skills, especially critical thinking, in their lessons. Thinking practices can encourage students in their participation in classroom activities and help them survive in the challenging world. Therefore, the present study was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the extent of thinking skills that the instructions in the English coursebook call for. The study investigated the levels of thinking skill called for by instructions in the coursebookglobalB1. The instructions in the coursebook were gathered, analysed and categorized according to the cognitive domain of Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy (2001). The results of the study showed that 63.95 % of 860 instructions called for lower level thinking, whereas 36.05% of them demanded higher level thinking skills. The results of the study implied that if ELT teachers wish to promote students’ thinking skills and to help them survive in the challenging world, they need to incorporate thought-provoking tasks into their lessons. 2020
1186 Mya Mya AN EVALUATION OF ENGLISH FOR BUSINESS COURSEBOOK PRESCRIBED FOR FIRST YEAR BA (EPP) STUDENTS This research evaluated English for Business Coursebook prescribed for first year BA (EPP) students. English for Business course has been offered in the Bachelor of Arts specializing in English for Professional Purposes (BA (EPP)) Programme since 2004-2005 Academic Year with the purpose of fulfilling the needs of graduates who want to work in various business fields when they graduate. The reason of doing this research was to investigate whether the coursebook is matched the level of first year BA (EPP) students. Firstly, the prescribed coursebook was studied and analysed using the criteria for business English coursebook evaluation proposed by Romanowski (2016) which were based on the theories of Hutchinson and Water (1987), Cunningsworth (1995), McGrath (2002) and McDonough and Shaw (2013) in order to examine what knowledge and skills the coursebook contain. Secondly, teachers who have taught English for Business Course in the first year were given a questionnaire to explore the strengths and weaknesses of the coursebook based on their teaching experience. Then first year BA (EPP) students were given a questionnaire to find out their views and opinions on the lessons in the coursebook. After that, the data collected from the questionnaires were analysed. Finally the results of coursebook evaluation and those of questionnaires were compared and contrasted. The finding was that the contents and skills included in the prescribed English for Business coursebook were suitable and helpful for first year BA (EPP) students. The suggestion was to add communicative and challenging grammar activities for a better teaching-learning process. 2020
1187 Aung Kyi AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION STRATEGIES USED IN TRANSLATING FOREIGN PROVERBS INTO MYANMAR In this study an analysis was made of the translation strategies used by the translator Phyo Thar Ya in translating foreign proverbs into Myanmar. The book “English Proverbs and Sayings” translated by Phyo Thar Ya was selected for data analysis. Out of the 120 proverbs, 40 proverbs that match the translated proverbs in overall meaning were selected to study the translation strategies used by the translator. The analysis was based on the framework of Mona Baker (1992). According to Baker, professional translators used such translation strategies as translation by a more general word, translation by a more neutral or less expressive word, translation by cultural substitution, translation using a loan word or loan word plus explanation, translation by paraphrase using a related word or translation by paraphrase using unrelated words, translation by omission and translation by illustration. The purpose of the study was to identify what strategies the translator used in translating the foreign proverbs and to identify the naturalness in translating them. From the data analysis it was found that the translator used cultural substitution strategy more frequently than paraphrase strategy to translate the proverbs idiomatically. However, when he could not find the parallel proverbs for the foreign ones, he used the paraphrase strategy. It is hoped that the results of the study will contribute to the study of Myanmar translation of foreign proverbs. 2020
1188 Zaw Linn Aung ITO JIROZAEMON SUKETAMI AND SAYADAW U OTTAMA: REFIGURING THE JAPAN-MYANMAR RELATIONS BEFORE WORLD WAR II* This paper explores the Japan-Myanmar relations before World War II in general and the relationship between ITO Jirozaemon Suketami and Sayadaw U Ottama in particular. For its study, it re-explored the Myanmar and Japanese sources to refigure the existing relations at that time. ITO Jirozaemon Suketami, the founder of Matsuzakaya Department store, was found as a true friend of Sayadaw U Ottama and helped Myanmar students to study in Japan upon the request of Sayadaw. He also visited Myanmar in September 1934. During his visit to Myanmar, he had recorded his tour in film. This recorded film was so interesting to learn about conditions of Myanmar in 1930s. It reveals perspectives of Japanese on Myanmar during this period. This paper, thus, aims to provide both a textual and film study of Japan-Myanmar relations before World War II which could enhance the future relations of these two countries broadened and deepened. 2020
1189 K.Khine Kyaw A STUDY ON TAI-LENG IN MOGAUNG REGION The Tai-Leng or Red Shan dwelled in the Mogaung region in the ancient times. Mogaung was established by the Mao Shan linage since A.D 1215. They established capital cities and ground palaces and extended their territory. Mao Shan Kings governed independently the Mogaung and Mohnyin areas until the occupation of King Bayinnaung. At that time it was a tributary state of Myanmar kings but Shan Sawbwas including Mogaung Sawbwa could govern their states independently by submitting the annual tributes to the court of Myanmar. This government system was abolished in 1792 A.D to substitute the Myowun administration which was controlled directly by the court. The Natives of those areas called themselves as Shan-galay or Shan-ni (Red Shan) or Tai-Leng or Tai-Lai. This paper examine and explore who are Tai Leng people, where they came from, how they developed their empire and their social status in Mogaung area at present day. 2020
1190 Thida Myint THE ENDEAVOURS OF MYANMAR KINGS FOR PREVENTION AND EXTINGUISHING OF FIRE Fire plays important role in daily life of the people. Fire can cause either useful or hazard. If the fire is not put into use systematically it could give bad benefits, sometime human’s lives were lost. Therefore protection and prevention of fire is needed. Most of the ancient kingdoms of Myanmar are situated at the centre of Myanmar where the climate is hot and dry. Under the reigns of Myanmar kings, houses were built with bamboo, nipa palms and reed matting, even royal palaces were made of wood. These things are inflammable materials and could make dangerous. Because of the carelessness, fire broke out often and several numbers of dwellings including palaces, houses and monasteries were destroyed. Therefore, Myanmar kings passed the Royal Order to prevent and to extinguish fire. This paper examines and analyses the endeavours of Myanmar Kings to prevent and protect outbreaks of fire. It also evaluates how they could carry out to rescue the victims of fire and their efforts for preventing outbreak of fire were effective or not. 2020