Research List

No.	Researcher	Title	Abstract	Year
1111	Thandar Aung	PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY FROM FRUIT EXTRACT OF HAPLOPHRAGMA ADENOPHYLLUM (WALL.) DOP. (PHET-THAM)	The present work was conducted to investigate the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of fruits of Haplophragma adenophyllum (Wall.) Dop. (Phet-tham) on different microbial strains. From the phytochemical investigation, fruits of Phet-tham showed positive for alkaloids, ?-amino acids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and showed negative results for starch and cyanogenic glycoside. Elemental analysis by EDXRF method revealed that fruits of Phet-tham contained K, Ca and Cl as major elements. By silica gel column chromatographic separation, three terpenoid compounds including lupeol (0.033 %, m.pt.=213-214 ?C) were isolated from pet-ether extract of fruits of H. adenophyllum. Antimicrobial activities of pet-ether, ethyl acetate, 95 % ethanol, methanol and watery extracts from the fruits of Phet-tham were investigated against six species of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas areuginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans by agar well diffusion method at Pharmaceutical Research Department (PRD), Yangon. Among all tested crude extracts EtOAc extract exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity with the inhibition zone diameter in the range of 13~33 mm against all microorganisms tested.	2020
1112	Hlaing Myint Thu	ISOLATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ISOLATED SOIL FUNGI FROM HOMALIN TOWNSHIP, SAGAING REGION	In the research work, soil samples were collected from six different places of Homalin Township during July 2017. Soil samples were collected from 0-15 cm depth after removing the surface soil for the isolation of fungi. After three days, soil fungi were isolated by the serial dilution method on six different media. A total of 41 fungal strains were isolated and the surface colour of isolated fungi HMT-1 to HMT-41 were white, black, green, pale green, greenish white, dark green, tan, yellow, yellowish green, plum, pale pink, gray and their reverse colour were cream, yellowish cream, greenish cream, buff, brown and purple. In the colony morphology, the isolated fungi were small, medium and large in size. The margin of isolated fungi were entire, undulate, filiform, lobate and the elevation of isolated fungi were raised, convex, flat, umbonate and the form of isolated fungi were circular, irregular, filamentous and rhizoid. Moreover, physicochemical properties of soil from different locations of Homalin Township were analyzed. Some physicochemical properties of soil samples were preliminaries determined and the collected soil samples were found to the rich in fungal strains due to acidic (4.67-5.80), moisture content (0.91 �7.23), organic matter (3.33- 7.98), temperature (25- 27 ?C) and texture. Soil texture was examined by hydrometer method. Furthermore, all fungal strains were tested by seven test organisms for preliminary study of antimicrobial activity. Among them, twenty strains showed different levels of antimicrobial activity. Especially, HMT-33 showed the moderate antimicrobial activity against all test organisms. Therefore, strain of HMT-33 may be useful by the pharmaceutical industries for the production of antibiotics from local sources.	2020
1113	Moh Moh Tun	ISOLATION AND SCREENING OF SOIL FUNGI ISOLATED FROM SHIN MA TAUNG AND PONE TAUNG PONE NYAR AREAS	Soil sample collection was carried out on the 28th June, 2018 from the Shin Ma Taung and on the 29th June, 2018 from Pone Taung Pone Nyar Areas. Totally, 23 fungi (13 from Shin Ma Taung and 10 from Pone Taung Pone Nyar) were isolated from 15 different soil samples by Chemical Treatment Dilution Method. The specimens were cultured on Low Carbon Agar (LCA) and Glucose Soluble starch Yeast extract (GSY) plates and incubated at room temperature. Fungus MMH-11 possessed the highest antibacterial activity among the fungi of Shin Ma Taung Area. Among the fungi of Pone Taung Pone Nyar Area, fungus MMH-23 possessed the highest antibacterial activity. Fungus MMH-23 was selected for further investigations because it exhibited more high antibacterial activity on Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The growth phase of the selected fungus MMH-23 was between 36 h and 72 h. Age of inoculum (42 h seed culture), size of inoculum (20 %) and initial fermentation pH 6.0 were suitable for the production of bioactive compound against MRSA.	2020
1114	Mya Thandar Aung	STUDY ON NUTRITIONAL QUALITY AND ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITIES OF DIOSCOREA ALATA L. (MYAUK U)	In this study, one of the Dioscorea species, Dioscorea alata L. (Myauk U) has been chosen to study nutritional values, chemical composition and some biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. The phytochemical constituents were screened by test tube method indicating the presence of alkaloids, ?-amino acids, carbohydrates, glycosides, phenolic compounds, saponins, starch and terpenoids, however, cyanogenic glycosides, reducing sugars and tannins were absent. The nutritional values of the selected rhizomes were determined by AOAC methods. The antimicrobial activity of the different crude extracts such as pet-ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol and watery extracts was investigated against six microorganisms: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilus, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli by agar well diffusion method. The total phenolic contents (TPC) of ethanol extract (469.1 � 0.01 ?g GAE/mg extract) and watery extract (441.1 � 0.00 ?g GAE/mg extract) were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau assay method. The antioxidant activity of ethanol and watery extracts was evaluated by 2, 2 - diphenyl -1- picryl � hydrazyl free radical scavenging assay. Both ethanol and watery extracts were found to possess antioxidant activity. However, both extracts possess weaker in antioxidant activity than standard ascorbic acid. The anti-proliferative activity or cytotoxicity of methanol extract of the rhizome of D. alata was evaluated by MTT assay using Hep G2 (human liver cancer cell).	2020
1115	Zin Mar Oo	SORPTION STUDY ON DYEING PROCESS OF NATURAL DYES EXTRACTED FROM CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA FORST. (KA-BWEE) BARK ON COTTON CLOTH	In this research work, the raw sample barks (Ka-bwee) were collected from Sittwe, Rakhine State. Physicochemical parameters of Ka-bwee raw bark powder such as moisture content, ash content, bulk density and pH were determined. Natural dyes were extracted from the bark of Ka-bwee by different solvents (water, ethanol and methanol).The prepared natural dyes were characterized by FT IR, EDXRF and UV-visible techniques. Relative abundances of elements in prepared natural dyes were analyzed by EDXRF which showed the chemical constituents of the elements. According to the FT IR, in Ka-bwee dyes extracted by different solvents, functional groups of O-H stretching, C=C, C-O (stretching) and benzene ring were observed. The phytochemical tests of dyes extracted with water were carried out. In phytochemical test, tannins, flavonoids, ?-amino acids and others were observed in the dye solutions. Furthermore, antimicrobial activities of Ka-bwee dyes were investigated by agar disc diffusion method on six tested organisms. The wavelengths of maximum absorption (?max) of Ka-bwee dyes extracted with water, ethanol and methanol were observed at 510, 494 and 499 nm respectively. Sorption properties of 1000 ppm natural dye solutions dyeing on cotton were studied at different temperatures (40-90�C) by using UV-visible spectrophotometer. From the experiment, the optimum temperature of Ka- ee d es e t a ted it ate , et anol and et anol e e at C. The optimal conditions of dyeing on cotton cloth were observed at concentration of dye solution (1000 ppm), mordant alum dosage 0.1 g, contact time 60 min and pH 6. The dye solutions were prepared by natural dye powder with water. After dyeing on cotton cloth, the poor wash and light fastness of dyed fabrics improved with mordanting. The colour intensities of these dyed cotton were determined by Reflection Transmission Colour Densitometer. Depending on the type of mordant, such as alum, onion peel, teawaste and jengkol peel (natural mordant), colour fastness of the dyeing cotton cloth were studied.	2020
1116	Hnin Yu Wai	PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SAWDUSTCEMENT PARTICLEBOARDS	This work is mainly concerned with the preparation of particleboards from sawdust (SD). Cement (C) as used as binder. The physicochemical properties and characterization of sawdust and cement were also conducted. Six types of particleboards were prepared by mixing various proportions of sawdust (50 %, 40 %, 33.33 %, 28.57 %, 25 %, 22.22 %) and various proportions of cement (50 %, 60 %, 66.66 %, 71.43 %, 75 %, 77.78 %) and a chemical additive CaCl2. The additive was based on 2 % by weight of cement used. Particleboards were prepared by cold compressing molding method. The prepared particleboards (SDC) were characterized according to physicochemical and physicomechanical parameters such as modulus of rupture, thickness, density, water absorption, swelling thickness and hardness. From the results, it was found that particleboard namely SDC 5 containing (25 % of sawdust, 75 % of cement and 1.5 % of CaCl2) was a quality grade particleboard. It has 2058.34 psi modulus of rupture, 0.65 cm thickness, 1.2320 g cm-3 density, 13.05 % water absorption, 17.14 % swelling thickness and 98 D hardness. The SDC 5 particleboard, based on water absorption, modulus of rupture and hardness values, indicates that it was the best among all particleboards studied. The surface morphology of SDC 5 was studied by SEM and the thermal stability of particleboard was studied by TG-DTA.	2020
1117	Aye Myat Thu	PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODEGRADABLE CHITOSAN-CORNCOB-GLUTARALDEHYDE BIOCOMPOSITE FILM	This research work is concerned with the study on the properties of biodegradable composite film derived from chitosan, corncob and glutaraldehyde (used as cross-linking agent). Biodegradable composite films were prepared by using optimum composition of 0.2 g corncob and 1.5 % chitosan with different concentrations of cross-linking agent. The effect of cross-linking agent was studied over a range of concentrations from 6 % to 30 % (total solid weight). The comparative study of cross-linking agent and its concentrations incorporated into biodegradable films was investigated based on thickness, tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength. From the results of physicomechanical parameters, the tensile strength of biodegradable films incorporated with glutaraldehyde was higher than that of chitosan-corncob biocomposite film. The physicochemical properties of biodegradable composite films such as degree of swelling was also determined. The degree of swelling increases with increasing immersion time. With increasing glutaraldehyde concentration, the ultimate degree of swelling after 4 days of immersion time of composite films was found to decrease. Comparative characterization of biodegradable composite films with corncob powder and glutaraldehyde were determined by SEM and TG-DTA analyses. From SEM analysis, the prepared chitosan film and chitosan-corncob biocomposite film had distinct phase structures whereas chitosan-corncob-glutaraldehyde biocomposite film showed homogeneous and smooth surface. In TG-DTA analysis, only exothermic peaks appeared in chitosan film but both endothermic and exothermic peaks were observed in chitosan-corncob and chitosan-corncob-glutaraldehyde biocomposite films. The biodegradable nature of prepared composite films was also studied according to the soil burial techniques.	2020
1118	Yu Nwe Moe	ISOLATION OF SOME CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE CURCUMIN CONTENT IN CURCUMA LONGA L. (NA-NWIN) COLLECTED FROM SOME REGIONS OF MYANMAR	In this study, Curcuma longa L. rhizomes were collected from six regions (Mawlamyine in Mon State, Kawkareik in Kayin State, Taungyi in Southern Shan State, Ann in Rakhine State, Aunglan in Magway Region and Pathein in Ayeyarwaddy Region) of Myanmar. Preliminary phytochemical investigation of C. longa revealed the presence of glycoside, carbohydrate, ?-amino acid, flavonoid, terpenoid, steroid, saponin, tannin, phenolic compound. Alkaloid and reducing sugar were absent. The powdered samples were extracted with petroleum-ether (60-80 ?C) and followed by 95 % ethanol. Percent curcumin and colour value were determined by UV�visible spectrophotometry. The percent curcumins and color values of C. longa were found to be 0.37 % and 62 in Mon State, 0.57 % and 96 in Southern Shan State, 2.27 % and 383 in Rakhine State, 2.94 % and 477 in Magway Region, 3.39 % and 570 in Ayeyarwaddy Region, and 3.8 % and 640 in Kayin State. Curcumin (Rf = 0.44, m.pt = 175 �C) was isolated from ethanol extract of C. longa of Kayin State by column chromatography.	2020
1119	Myint Thu	ISOLATION OF SOIL FUNGI FROM MINHLA AREA, MAGWAY REGION AND SCREENING ON THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY FROM SOIL FUNGI	Three different soil samples were collected from Minhla Area, Magway Region during July 2018. A total of 15 fungal strains were isolated by serial dilution method from these soil samples. These strains were cultured on Blaskeslee�s Malt Extract Agar (BMEA Medium), Czapek-Dox Agar (CZA Medium), Malt Extract Agar (MEA Medium), Dichloran Rose Bengal-Chloramphenicol Agar (DRBC Medium), Glucose Ammonium Nitrate Agar (GAN Medium) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA Medium). Pure colonies were preserved on slant culture containing PDA Medium. Among all of media, BMEA medium and PDA medium are better for isolation of soil fungi than other media. In the colony morphology, the isolated fungi were small, medium and large in size. The margin of isolated fungi were entire, undulate, and the elevation of isolated fungi were raised, convex, flat. In the form, isolated fungi were circular, irregular and filamentous. Moreover, physicochemical properties of soil from different locations of Minhla Area were analyzed. Furthermore, all fungal strains were tested by eight test organisms for the antimicrobial activity. Especially, the isolated fungi YY- 6, 11, 14 and 15 showed the antimicrobial activity against all test organisms. Among them, YY-6 showed the highest antimicrobial activity (32.82 mm and 31.47 mm) on Candida albicans and Escherichia coli, respectively.	2020
1120	Su Su Aung	REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS AND BIOFERTILIZATION ACTIVITY OF BIOCHAR	This research work deals with the removal of heavy metals and biofertilization activity of contaminated soils by using biochar (biomass): two organic residues rice husks from husker and bamboo leaves. These contaminated soil samples were collected from the Pagaye mining site Sc(I), Pagaye village Sc(II) and Battery service area from Weigyun Sc(III), Dawei Township. The three contaminated soil samples and biochar (rice husks and bamboo leaves) were treated under a close atmosphere using plastic housing. Soils were incubated at 27 ?C for three months. Physiochemical properties (moisture, pH, texture, organic carbon, humus) of contaminated soils and treated soils were determined and major nutrients contents (total N, available P and available K), exchangeable cations (K+ , Ca2+ and Mg2+) were studied by using instrumental and analytical methods. Generally, it was found that moisture, pH, organic carbon and humus were improved in treated soils and nutrients and exchangeable cations: K+ and Ca2+ were also improved. Elemental compositions and heavy metals (Pb and Cd) in these soils were also determined with different interval of times by EDXRF and AAS methods. Both biochars removed the toxic metals Pb and Cd in all the contaminated soil samples. In addition, the comparison of the soil fertility on the contaminated and treated soils was carried out within one month. The soil fertility was also improved in the treated soil samples.	2020

Research Publications

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research