Research List

No.	Researcher	Title	Abstract	Year
1091	Sandar Moe	FATTY ACIDS IN AVOCADO OIL AND NUTRITIONAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ASSESSMENT OF THE PULP	Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruits contain many nutritional components which have medicinal importance as well. The oil (81%) from the fruit pulp was extracted by Soxhlet extraction with petroleum ether. The fatty acids in the oil were identified by GC-MS analysis by NIST spectral library. Eleven fatty acids were identified in the ester fraction: two unidentified acids; myristic acid; palmitoleic acid; palmitic acid; linoleic acid; petroselinic acid; oleic acid, as well as (11Z)-11-octadecenoic acid, stearic acid andisostearic acid, in the increasing order of retention time up to 23 min. One long chain alcohol and one free fatty acid were also suggested to be present in the pulp oil by FT IR. Avocado pulps were then analyzed for nutritional values present by using AOAC methods. The observed data revealed that avocado pulp had high energy value (344 kcal/100g). Moisture content (5.56 %) and ash content (5.23 %) were calculated in dried sample of avocado pulp. Protein, fat, fiber and carbohydrate contents were 6.55 %, 4.18 %, 8.14 % and 70.34 %, respectively. Agar well diffusion method was adapted to determine the antimicrobial activity of the avocado pulp extracts (PE, MeOH, EtOAc, EtOH and H2O). The MeOH, EtOAc and EtOH extracts of avocado pulp were active against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus, Candida albicansand Escherichia coli while PE and H2O extracts were inactive on all the tested microorganisms. All the extracts were inactive on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, the antioxidant activity of avocado pulp was slightly higher in the watery extract (IC50 = 19.32 �g/mL) than the ethanol extract (IC50 = 21.84 �g/mL) by DPPH assay method. The present study therefore confirms the nutritional and medicinal values of the avocado produced in Taunggyi.	2020
1092	Tha Zin Win	REFINING OF WASTE FRIED PALM OIL BY MODIFIED BENTONITE CLAYS	Frying of foods is the most commonly used in the food preparation. Without any treatment, the fried oil can be used for a few days and must be discarded after such time. The useful life of fried palm oil can be increased by the refining with various adsorbents, natural adsorbents and modified adsorbents. In this paper, the natural bentonite clay and modified acid activated bentonite clay were used for refining of waste fried palm oils. The natural bentonite clay was collected from Kyaukpadaung Township. The essential parameters such as acid value, peroxide value, iodine value and saponification value of before and after refined fried oils were investigated. The completely refined fried oil showed the properties of the acid value, peroxide value, iodine value and saponification values were evenly spread between 1.39 to 1.54 mg g-1 , 2.28 to 2.62 meq kg-1 , 100.33 to 109.75 mg g-1 and 142.72 to 152.73 mg KOH g-1 respectively. These results were under permitted level for edible palm oil. Moreover, the determination of incremental adsorption capacity of acid activated bentonite clay sample using 3 % H2SO4, it can be resilient in refining process within 18h long frying time of waste fried palm oil. This experimental work found that locally available natural bentonite clay can be modified for the use of efficient and effective refining material to the waste fried palm oil.	2020
1093	Khine Khine Lin	STUDY ON NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF SWIETENIA MACROPHYLLA KING SEED (MAHOGANY)	This research deals with the study on nutritional value and antidiabetic activity of seed of Swietenia macrophylla King (Mahogany). Mahogany fruits were collected from Hinthada University campus. In the preliminary phytochemical investigation, it was found that alkaloids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, glycosides and trace amount of cyanogenic glycosides were present in the seed whereas ?- amino acid was not detected. Determination of the nutritional values of the seed provided 24.03 % of crude fat, 14.70 % of protein, 13.03 % of dietary fiber, 8.45 % of moisture, 3.15 % of ash and 36.64 % of carbohydrate. According to ED-XRF analysis, the elemental composition of the seed was found to be potassium (1.145 %), phosphorus (0.526 %), sulphur (0.227 %), calcium (0.190 %), iron (0.004 %) and minor components (0.002 %) of Mn, Zn and Cu. After that, the antidiabetic activity of the seed was evaluated by alpha amylase inhibition assay method. IC50 values of the extracts were found to be 0.069 mg/mL of ethanol, 0.096 mg/mL of ethyl acetate and 0.168 mg/mL of water extracts.	2020
1094	Toe Toe Khaing	PREPARATION OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS FROM KITCHEN WASTES AND MEAL CAKES	Organic fertilizers are easily biodegradable and do not affect environmental pollution. They are carbon-based compounds that can increase the productivity and growth quality of plants. They have various benefits over chemical fertilizers. In this research, four organic fertilizers were prepared using kitchen vegetable wastes with peanut meal cake (OF-1, OF-2) and kitchen vegetable wastes with sesame meal cake (OF-3, OF-4) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The physicochemical properties of prepared organic fertilizers such as pH value, moisture content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content and organic carbon content were determined. The available nitrogen content in prepared organic fertilizers was measured by alkaline permanganate method. The results from determination were compared with two commercial organic fertilizers. The amount of available nitrogen in OF-1, OF-2, OF-3 and OF-4 were 1.67 %, 1.57 %, 1.45 % and 0.88 % respectively. The available nitrogen content of all prepared organic fertilizers was found to be higher than those of two commercial organic fertilizers. The carbon- nitrogen ratios of the prepared organic fertilizers were calculated. The results from prepared organic fertilizers showed that aerobic condition gave high efficiency. Furthermore, the elemental analysis of four prepared organic fertilizers was examined by EDXRF (Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence) spectroscopy. Silicon was found to be the highest value in all prepared organic fertilizers.	2020
1095	Thwe War Aung	ASSESSMENT OF TUBE-WELL WATER QUALITY FROM KYAUKTAN VILLAGE, MINBU TOWNSHIP, MAGWAY REGION	This study deals with the determination of physicochemical properties, trace elements and bacteriological analysis of tube-well water. The tube-well water samples were collected from two sites of Kyauktan Village, Minbu Township. Water samples were analysed from the study area, seasonally in 2018. The physicochemical properties such as the temperature, pH, the electrical conductivity (EC), the turbidity, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, chloride concentration and salinity of all water samples were measured. The pH values of the collected samples were higher in summer than the other two seasons. The total dissolved solids values were high in rainy season. The total hardness values, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), of water samples were also determined. Some trace elements such as, lead and cadmium were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Arsenic was detected by Arsenator. The bacteriological analysis of total coliform and Escherichia coli was done in the collected water samples. The total coliform and Escherichia coli counts were higher in rainy season than other seasons. The experimental results obtained were compared with the WHO standards for human health. The aim of this research is to study water quality for human consumptions and to prevent environmental pollution in this study area.	2020
1096	Su Lay Yee	1 STUDY ON PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF PIPER BETLE L. (BETEL VINE)	The present study was carried out to investigation of preliminary phytochemical constituents, antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity of Piper betel L. leaf (Piperaceae) commonly known as betel vine. The plant is locally known as Kun in Myanmar. Phytochemical investigation of P. betle leaf revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycoside, carbohydrate, amino acid, phenolic compound, flavonoid, steroid, terpenoid, saponin, tannin, starch, reducing sugar and organic acid. From the results of antibacterial activity assay, it was observed that ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of P. betle leaf have high antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillius pumilus and E. coli. Screening of antioxidant activity was done by DPPH free radical scavenging assay by using UV spectroscopic method. The IC50 values for the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were 54.61 �g/mL and 70.53 �g/mL, for watery extract was 105.80 �g/mL. The smaller the IC50 value the greater the antioxidant activity. Ethanol extract of P. betle showed the more effective results.	2020
1097	Myint Myint Khaing	FOCUSING ON THE ELEMENTAL CONTENTS, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND CYTOTOXICITY OF RHODODENDRON ARBORETUM W.W.SM (TAWNG ZA LAT NI) FLOWER	Rhododendron arboreum W.W.Sm (Tawng Za Lat Ni ) is one of the landmarks of Chin State. Local people use it as a salad, wine and other kinds of native foods. This research focused on phytoconstituents, elemental contents, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of flowers of R. arboreum (Tawng Za Lat Ni) that were investigated by UV -Visible spectrophotometer, animal test model (Artemia salina) and some modern techniques. Moreover, the elemental contents of these flowers were analyzed by Energy Dispersive X ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) Method that showed the presence of K, Si, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn. According to antioxidant activity test, IC50 of Tawng Za Lat Ni flower was 4.57?g/mL indicating the presence of antioxidant substances that can bond with and stabilize free radicals helping to prevent the damage they cause to the body, thereby reducing the risk of cancer. The cytotoxic effect of ethanol extract of flowers was examined by brine shrimp assay (Artemia salina ) and Tawng Za Lat flowers were not found to have cytotoxic effect ( and considered to be safe for consumption.	2020
1098	Aye Mon Thida Nyo	STUDY ON NUTRITIONAL VALUES, TOTAL PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENTS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF FRUITS OF Trapa natans L. (Kywe-gaung-thee)	In this research work, the fruits of Trapa natans L., Myanmar name Kywe-gaung-thee were selected for determination of some nutritional values, minerals contents, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity. The fruits of T. natans (Kywe-gaung-thee) were collected from Pathein-gyi Township, Mandalay Region, Myanmar. Firstly, some nutritional values of fruits of T. natans such as moisture, ash, pH, protein, fiber and fat were determined by AOAC method. The mineral contents were also determined by EDXRF technique. Moreover, the total phenolic content of fresh fruit of T. natans was measured by Folin � Ciocalteau reagent and total flavonoid content was measured by AlCl3 method with UV visible spectrophotometer. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activities of three solvent extracts of selected sample were tested by agar well diffusion method on six microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilus, Candida albicans and E.coli. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of selected sample was evaluated by DPPH (1,1- diphenyl-2- picryl hydrazyl) assay method.	2020
1099	Khin Maw Maw	PHENOLIC CONTENT, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTITUMOUR ACTIVITIES AND ISOLATION OF A PHENOLIC COMPOUND FROM THE BARK OF ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS L. (TAUNG-MA-YO)	The present work focused on the determination of total phenol content, antioxidant activity and screening of anti-tumour activity of some crude extracts of the bark of Alstonia scholaris L. (Taung-ma-yo). Moreover, the research deals with the isolation of a phenolic compound by column chromatography and identification of the isolated compound by UV and FT IR. The total phenol contents of crude extracts of 70 % ethanol (99.33 g GAE/mg) and water (61.5 g GAE/mg) were determined by spectrometric Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) method .The antioxidant activity of 70 % ethanol extract (IC50 value of 27.75 ?g/mL) and water extract (IC50 value of 90.56 ?g/mL) of the bark sample was determined by DPPH assay method. Preliminary screening of anti-tumour activity of crude extracts of ethyl acetate, 70 % ethanol and water was carried out by Potato Crown Gall test. It was observed that, of the three doses, i.e., 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 g/disc each extract tested, the minimum dose showing activity was 0.15 g for ethyl acetate extract and 0.05 g for 70 % ethanol extract on day 5. On day 7, tumours appeared for the ethyl acetate extract but not for the 70 % ethanol extract as observed under microscope and by staining with iodine solution. Column chromatographic separation of ethyl acetate extract by gradient elution with pet ether, ethyl acetate and methanol yielded a compound (A1) having Rf value of 0.45 on silica gel layer with pet ether : ethyl acetate (2.5 : 7.5, v/v). UV spectra of isolated compound (A1) showed that it was to be a phenolic compound by alkaline red shift and also supported by FT IR spectrum.	2020
1100	San San Aye	ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF EMBLICA OFFICINALIS GAERTN. (ZI-BYU) AND TERMINALIA CHEBULA RETZ. (PHAN-KHA)	Developing countries, where dysentery and diarrhea are endemic, depend strongly on traditional medicine as a source for inexpensive treatments because it is based on plants which are abundantly available in these countries. Consequently, Myanmar medicinal plants (Zi-Byu and Phan-Kha) which are used for the treatment of dysentery and diarrhea in Myanmar were selected to study in order to find the scientific basis for such use. Polar and non-polar extracts of the selected fruits were tested on six microorganisms by agar well diffusion technique. Phytochemical examination for types of organic constituents present in Zi-Byu and Phan-Kha fruits were carried out. The polar extracts of Zi-Byu and Phan-Kha showed antimicrobial activities (17 mm - 40 mm) against all the six microorganisms tested. Gallic acid (0.9 %) and ?-sitosterol (0.36 %) were isolated from ZiByu and Phan-Kha, respectively. The isolated gallic acid was identified by UV, FT IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. ?-sitosterol isolated from Phan-Kha was confirmed by authentic ?-sitosterol and also compared with melting point determination. Moreover, isolated gallic acid showed antimicrobial activity (12 mm - 15 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Mycobacterium species.	2020

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