Research Publications

Academic theses and dissertations are regularly published and widely disseminated in YUOE Journal, Monographs, Universities Research Journal (URJ), Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS) Journal, AsTEN Research Journal and International online Journals for sharing knowledge and contributing to the development of our education.

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research

No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
1051 Wai Hnin Phyu Phyu MANAGEMENT ON ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION OF WATER FROM AGRICULTURAL SITES IN PATHEINGYI TOWNSHIP, MANDALAY REGION BY USING BIOSORBENTS (CORN COB POWDER AND ACTIVATED CORN COB CHARCOAL) In this research, the paddy growing surrounding area in Patheingyi Township Mandalay Region was chosen to study the environmental contamination by water from agricultural sites. Some physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, conductivity and turbidity were directly measured by respective apparatus. The alkalinity of each water sample was determined by acidbase titration. The total hardness of water samples was determined by EDTA titrimetric method. Nitrogen content, phosphate content, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen were also determined. The compositions of the metals such as iron, lead, cadmium and copper which can cause pollution to water were investigated by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. To reduce the pollutants in water samples by adsorption, corn cob powder was chosen as adsorbent. In addition, corn cob sample was activated with H3PO4. The elemental compositions of adsorbent samples were examined by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis and the surface morphology of adsorbents was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The collected water samples were treated by filtration using the prepared adsorbents to reduce the extent of contamination of water from agricultural sites. 2020
1052 Nwet Nwet Win ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF PURE ORGANIC COMPOUND ISOLATED FROM THE ROOT AND STEM OF VANDA COERULEA GRIFF. In this research work, Vanda coerulea Griff. (local name: Vanda Thit-Kwa) was selected for the chemical analysis. The root and stem of this plant contains alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, polyphenols, sugars, lipophilic, terpene, saponins and phenolic compounds respectively. The antimicrobial activities of the plant extracts and the pure isolated organic compound were tested by agar well diffusion method using six organisms. The pure organic compound (NNW-1) was isolated from the root and stem of Vanda Thit-Kwa by thin layer and column chromatographic separation techniques. The pure organic compound was obtained as colourless amorphous. The melting point of this compound was found to be 180-182 ?C. The yields percent of pure compound is 1.408 % (35.2 mg) based upon the EtOAc crude extract. The molecular formula was done by using FT IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, DEPT, HMQC spectroscopy and Mass spectrometry and its formula is C24H28O5 and hydrogen deficiency index is 11. In addition, the complete structure of the organic compound (NNW-1) was elucidated by applying 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as EI-Mass spectrometry. The name of the isolated compound is 3-[(5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2–propenylphenyl]-2-(4-methoxy-phenoxymethyl) acrylic acid methyl ester. 2020
1053 Tin Myo Khaing STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF PURE ORGANIC COMPOUND ISOLATED FROM THE BARK OF MYRICA NAGI THUNB. In this research work, one of the Myanmar medicinal plants, Myrica nagi Thunb. (Local name : Kat pha la) was selected for the chemical analysis. Preliminary detection of phytochemical compounds present in the bark of Kat pha la were carried out according to the test tube method. The percent composition of elements of the dry powder from the bark of Kat pha la was determined by using WDXRF spectrum. The antimicrobial activities of the crude extracts and the pure organic compound (TMK-1) were tested by agar well diffusion method using six organisms (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilus, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli). The pure organic compound (TMK-1) was isolated from the bark of Kat pha la by thin layer and column chromatographic separation techniques. Melting point and phytochemical test of pure organic compound (TMK1) were recorded. The molecular formula was determined by using FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, DQF-COSY, HMQC, HMBC spectroscopy and Mass spectrometry. In addition, the complete structure of terpene derivative compound (TMK-1) was elucidated by applying 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques as well as EI-Mass spectrometry. Moreover the conformational structure of isolated compound (TMK-1) was examined by using 1 H NMR spectrum, NOESY spectrum and the model study. 2020
1054 Yi Yi Lwin DETERMINATION ON THE OPTIMUM CONDITION FOR THE PREPARATION OF CELLULOSE ACETATES FROM MAIZE STRAW POWDER, WHEAT STRAW POWDER AND SAWDUST POWDER In this research, the optimum condition for the preparation of cellulose acetate from maize straw powder, wheat straw powder and sawdust powder could be determined by four different acetylation methods. Firstly, the three sample powders were dewaxed. In the preparation of cellulose, the dewaxed sample powders were refluxed only with 15% NaOH for 9 h. Then the delignified sample masses were bleached with 5% sodium hypochloride solution for 24 h and neutralized with 5% acetic acid and water. The resultant neutral cellulosic pulps were acetylated with acetic anhydride and acetic acid in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid as a catalyst using magnetic stirrer in method 1. In method 2, the apparatus used is ultrasonic cleaner instead of magnetic stirrer. In the third method, acetylation was carried out by using one more solvent (toluene) with ultrasonic cleaner. In the fourth method, solvents used were similar as in method 3 but with different catalyst (perchloric acid) instead of using sulphuric acid. The yield percentages of three cellulose acetates were determined and compared and then identified by FT IR spectroscopic analysis. At the same time, more reliable method that gave a good yield % and more purified product was observed. 2020
1055 Soe Sow Tint ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND NITRATE, FLAVONOID AND PHENOL CONTENTS OF LEAF, STALK AND ROOT OF Apium graveolens L. (TAYOKE NAN-NAN) Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is used in folk medicine as antihypertension agent and it has also been known to possess antioxidant activity. The plant is also known to be rich in nitrate which is antihypertension. Therefore the plant has been selected to study its nitrate content, antioxidant activity as well as total phenolic and flavonoid contents. It was found that crystals of potassium nitrate abundantly fell out of the ethanol extract on standing. By the first derivative UV spectrophotometric method based on nitration of salicylic acid, nitrate content in stalk of celery from Kalaw (S2) is 6,314.398 mg/kg FW (fresh weight). This is one of the highest among the different parts of celery. Total flavonoids (27.170 and 29.757 mg QE/g FW) and phenols (28.566 and 32.769 mg GAE/g FW) contents in leaf from Nyaung Hnit Pin (S1) and (S2) and antioxidant activity IC50 value (45.219 ?g/mL ) in stalk from (S2) are also high. 2020
1056 Daisy LEAVES AND FRUITS EXTRACTS OF TAMARIND INDICA L (MA-GYI) MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF COPPER(II)OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR CHARACTERIZATIONS Leaves and fruits extracts of Tamarindus indica L. (Ma-Gyi) mediated synthesis of copper(II) oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were conducted in this research. Formation of CuO nanoparticles was studied at four different temperatures viz., 200 șC, 300 șC, 400 șC and 500 șC and CuO particles formed were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. At the temperature of 200 șC, formation of Cu2O was observed. As the temperature was increased to 300 șC most of Cu2O particles converted to CuO and at 400 șC Cu2O impurities peaks were still observed. At 500 șC, all of the Cu2O peaks disappeared and only single phase of CuO nanoparticles was observed. Well- dissolved characteristic peaks such as (110), ( 11), (111), ( 02), (020), (202) and ( 13) of CuO nanoparticles were found in XRD pattern. CuO nanoparticles were indexed as monoclinic with crystallite sizes of 19.9 nm and 20.9 nm calculated by Scherrer equation. The crystallite sizes of CuO NPs obtained by using leaves and fruits extracts of T. indica L. were found to be 21.2 nm and 21.7 nm, respectively by TEM analysis. SEM analysis showed a large number of spherical nanoparticles with dense agglomerates. Thermal analysis of CuO nanoparticles showed that CuO was almost thermally stable beyond 400 șC. The presence of characteristic vibration of Cu-O in the range of 430-606 cm-1 was confirmed by FT IR analysis. 2020
1057 Ohnmar Aung ANALYSIS OF DIMETHOATE AND DIAZINON PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN SOIL BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Pesticides are shown to have a great effect on soil organisms, but the effect varies with pesticide group and concentration, and is modified by soil organic carbon content and soil texture. Dimethoate and diazinon pesticide residues in soil under pesticide-treated plants were detected by use of high resolution gas chromatography equipped with phosphorus flame photometric detector (GC-PFPD). The residue concentrations in the soil were related to their physicochemical properties. Diazinon exhibited the higher concentration in the soil under pesticide-treated plants areas (0.3764 ppm, 2 h after application), while dimethoate was found at lower concentration (0.3169 ppm). All two pesticides were accumulated in soil sample during the first 24 h after application but the dimethoate concentrations rapidly decreased to 97.79 % after application for 5 days, while diazinon residues decreased to 98.51 % at the end of the 7 days monitoring period. The rate constants and half-lives of double exponential decay model and pseudo-first order equations in soil under pesticide-treated plots were determined. 2020
1058 Thida Myint PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF DREGEA VOLUBILIS (GWE-DAUK-NWE) LEAF FOR INHIBITION OF AFLATOXIN PRODUCING FUNGUS AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HepG2) CELLS The present work focused on the study of chemical constituents from the leaf of Dregea volubilis (L.f.) Benth. ex Hook.f. (Gwe-dauk-nwe) and detoxification activity to aflatoxin producing microorganisms in agricultural products and cytotoxicity to liver cancer cell line (HepG2). The leaf of the plant was collected from Kyunkalay village, Hlegu Township, Yangon Region in July 2018. The leaf sample was cleaned, dried and made to powder. Phytochemical investigation of D. volubilis leaf was performed and it was found that carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, and organic acids were present, however, cyanogenic glycosides and starch were absent. In addition, the elements such as Ca (38.32 %), K (33.72 %), Cl (12.31 %), Al (11.24 %), S (1.95 %), Zn (0.98 %) are found as major elements and small amount of other elements are found as Fe (0.77 %), Mn (0.44 %), Rb (0.11 %), Br (0.08 %), Sr (0.08 %) were also found using ED XRF method. Essential oil of D. volubilis leaves was extracted by steam distillation method and the organic components (7-chloro benzofuran, Phenol,2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), 6,10,14-trimethyl-2- pentadecanone, dibutyl-phthalate, 1-eicosene, phytol and uridine compounds) in it were identified by GC-MS method. The antioxidant activities of watery and ethanol extracts of the leaf sample were determined by DPPH assay method. The IC50 value of water and ethanol extracts were found to be 582.12 and > 1000 ?g/mL, respectively. In vitro detoxification activity of essential oil and extracts (PE,CHCl3, MeOH and H2O extracts) of D. volubilis leaf was tested by aflatoxin producing fungus. Yeast, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were cultured from corn, peanut and chilli using direct culture method. CHCl3, MeOH extracts and essential oil of D. volubilis leaf showed detoxification activity on these yeast and fungus microorganisms (inhibition zone diameter 11 mm to 19 mm) as well as PE and H2O extracts (inhibition zone diameter 11mm to 14 mm). Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of essential oil on two species of organisms, namely A. niger and A. flavus was carried by potato dextrose agar well diffusion method. The essential oil with different concentrations (1 x 105 to 0.2 ?g/mL) showed inhibition zone diameter in the range of 12 to 15 mm. The MIC values for essential oil was found to be 2.5 x 104 ”g/mL. (inhibition zone diameter ~ 12 mm). The cytotoxicity of MeOH extract from D. volubilis leaf against hepatoma liver cancer cell HepG2 was evaluated by MTT assay. The IC50 value of MeOH extract was found to be 168.05 ”g/mL for 24 h treated time. 2020
1059 Ei Ei Sann ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SOME PHYTOCONSTITUENTS FROM LEAVES OF MORUS ALBA L. AND SCREENING OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY This research work deals with investigation of some bioactive phytoconstituents of Morus alba L. (Po-sa) plant collected from Pyin-Oo Lwin Township, Mandalay Region. By silica gel column chromatographic separation technique, three compounds were isolated from selected plant. Umbelliferone (1,0.0045%) Scopoletin (2, 0.0009 %)m.pt 201șC ) and protocatechuic acid (3,0.0036 %) from ethyl acetate extract of Po-sa leaves. The isolated compounds were identified by physic-chemical properties and modern spectroscopic techniques such as UV, FT IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and EI MS spectrometry as well as by comparing with their reported data. Antioxidant activity of Po-sa (leaves) was also investigated by using DPPH (1, 1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. The IC50 values of EtOAc, EtOH and watery extracts of leaves were 2.39 ”g/mL, 2.11 ”g/mL and 2.15 ”g/ml respectively. The EtOH and watery extracts of leaves showed more radical scavenging activity than EtOAc extract. In addition, Umbelliferone, scopoletin and protocatechuic acid isolated from Po-sa (leaves) also showed radical scavenging activity determined by using semi quantitative DPPH staining method. 2020
1060 Yi Yi Win PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF SOME BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ROOTS OF STEMONA TUBEROSA LOUR. (THAMYA) The present study investigates some biological effects: in vitro antioxidant, in vitro ?-amylase inhibitory activity, in vivo acute toxicity, in vivo anti-diabetic activity of the crude extracts and isolated compounds of Stemona tuberosa Lour. root. In vitro antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging assay, with ascorbic acid as positive control, showed the ethanolic extract possessed excellent antioxidant property (IC50=1.56 ?g/mL). No toxic behaviour was observed up to 5000 mg/ kg oral dose of water and ethanol extracts on mice for two weeks treatment following the in vivo acute toxicity OECD guideline. The in vivo antidiabetic activity, with metformin, oral hypoglycemic agent, as a positive control, against alloxan-induced diabetic mice; and the in vitro antidiabetic activity, with acarbose, antihyperglycemic agent, as a positive control, for the inhibitory effect on ?-amylase enzyme, was employed to determine the antidiabetic activity. The ethanolic extract of S. tuberosa root was found to be exhibited potent antidiabetic activity in vitro (IC50 values; 80.98 ?g/mL for ?-amylase activity) as well as in vivo (41.29?0.05 % maximum reduction (R)) in blood glucose level. By column and thin layer chromatography, tuberostemonine J (1) was isolated from active ethanol fraction and identified by modern spectroscopy. Moreover, tuberostemonine J (1) (41.62 ? 0.01 % R in vivo) exhibited similar antidiabetic activity (p < 0.01) but good proliferation of beta islet cells of Langerhans and acinar cells in pancreas of diabetic mice when compared to the positive control, metformin (41.87 ? 0.05 % R in vivo). 2020