Research List

No.	Researcher	Title	Abstract	Year
1041	Thiri San	A STUDY ON THE YIELD AND SOME AGRONOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GAMMA INDUCED OYSTER MUSHROOM (PLEUROTUS OSTERATUS)	This research deals with the study on the effect of gamma irradiation on yield and quality of oyster mushroom in each generation. The spawn of mushrooms sample (Ngwe-Hnin-Mho) was collected from Kaung-Ei Mushroom Nursery, South-Okkalapa Township,Yangon Region. The sample of mushrooms was treated with different doses (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 kGy) of gamma radiation. After irradiation, these spawn were successively cultivated to third generation. The yield and some agronomical characteristics of different generations were determined. To be safe for consumption, the induced activity of each mutant sample (OMG 0.25, OMG 0.5, OMG 0.75, OMG 1) was monitored by using NaI(Tl) Scintillation Gamma Counter at Nuclear Laboratory, Department of Chemistry. It was found that there were no induced activity in these samples. Thus, they are safe for human consumption. Agronomical characteristics such as average diameter of mushroom, yields, fruiting period, shelf-life of mutants oyster mushrooms were determined. And then, study of SEM and FT IR measurement was done. All doses of irradiation provide the higher yield of mushroom than those of control for every generation. The shelf-life of each mutant oyster mushroom increase than that of control. It was found that the fruiting periods of OMG 0.75 and OMG 1 always provided 1 day to 5 day shorter fruiting period than that of others. Thus, it is to reduce the time of producing oyster mushroom. The study of SEM was done for morphology of irradiated oyster mushroom. From this study, one evident fact is that there is no similar pattern between non-irradiated and irradiated oyster mushroom in all generation. From the FT IR spectra, it was found that effect of gamma irradiation did not vary the functional groups in the oyster mushroom up to third generation.	2020
1042	Khin Su Latt	SCREENING OF NATURAL LARVICIDES FROM SPILANTHES ACMELLA L. (P�-LAYNYIN) AND MELIA AZEDARACH L. (PAN-TAMAR)	Two plant materials, aerial part of Spilanthes acmella L. (P�-Laynyin) and bark of Melia azedarach L. (Pan-Tamar) were selected for the screening of mosquito larvicidal activity against third and fourth instar larvae (Aedes aegypti mosquito). Petroleum ether extract from aerial part of P�-laynyin (LC50 = 0.0065 %, LC90 = 0.0146 %) and ethanol extract from Pan-tamar bark (LC50 = 1.008 %, LC90 = 3.693 %) showed potent larvicidal activities. The larvicidal activity of commercially available synthetic larvicide, Temephos, (Abate) was LC50 = 0.0034 ppm and LC90 = 0.0075 ppm. Ethanolic extract of S. acmella was not observed sign to be toxic in mice at 10 g/kg that is maximum permissible dose. Therefore, S. acmella extract did not show harmful effect to mammalian. The maximum giving dose for ethanolic extract of M. azedarach in mice was 8 g/kg within survival period for 7 days to be looked forward. At a dose of 10 g/kg, one out of three mice was found to be dead. Therefore, care must be taken if bark of M. azedarach is used as larvicide. Petroleum ether extract of S. acmella was not observed lethality on fish Clarias batrachus (Nga-khu) at 0.025 % concentration level. Therefore, petroleum ether extract was not found harmful effect on aquatic vertebrates and can safely be used as natural larvicide in fresh water.	2020
1043	Khup Lam Taung	EXTRACTION, ISOLATION, ANTIMICROBIAL STUDY AND STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF A PURE COMPOUND ISOLATED FROM THE TUBER OF STEPHANIA GLABRA (ROXB.) MIERS	The tuber of Stephania glabra (Roxb.) Miers, one of Myanmar indigenous medicinal plants was selected for this research work. The sample was chopped in to small pieces and dried in air. The air dried tuber sample was extracted with 95% of ethanol for about one month. Moreover, it was further extracted with ethyl acetate and ran by different solvents polarities using thin layer and column chromatography. A biologically active pure compound (KLT-1) could be isolated from n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvent ratio (n-hex 19:1EtOAc, 40 mg, and Rf value 0.9). The antimicrobial activity of this pure compound was examined by agar well diffusion method on six selected organisms. It was highly responded on three microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus and E. coli. The molecular formula of pure compound (KLT-1) was assigned as C18H30O2 (ester compound) by FT IR (Fourier Transform Infrared), 1H NMR (Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), 13C NMR (Carbon Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), DEPT (Distortion Enhancement by Polarization Transfer), HSQC (Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence) and DART (Direct Analysis of Real Time Mass Spectroscopy) mass spectral data. Moreover, the complete structure of pure compound could be elucidated by using advanced spectroscopic methods such as DQF-COSY (Double Quantum Filtered Correlation Spectroscopy) and HMBC (Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Coherence) spectral evidences. The prominent functional groups containing in this compound was assigned and its complete structure was described as follows.	2020
1044	Zar Chi Myint	ISOLATION OF MICROZELANICUM FROM THE PLANT OF CLAUSENA HEPTAPHYLLA (ROXB.) WIGHT & ARN	The present research paper describes the first isolation of 7-methoxy-6-(1'-methyl-4'-oxo-3', 6'-dioxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2'-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one (Microzelanicum, C15H12O6) from the plant of Clausena heptaphylla (Roxb.) Wight & Arn which belongs to the family Rutaceae. The structure of isolated pure compound was confirmed by spectroscopic data measurements ( 1H- and 13C-NMR, 2D NMR, and MS). The structure of isolated pure compound, Microzelanicum (C15H12O6), is shown below.	2020
1045	Thwe Thwe Soe	STUDY ON CHANGES IN MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSICOHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ARECA NUT FIBRE BY DIFFERENT SURFACE TREATMENT METHODS	Areca nut husk is abundantly available in Mone, Kyauk-kyi Township, Bago Region as byproduct from the areca nut farm, and finding a way to convert it into a value added material to produce a useful material could be of national interest. The fibre was extracted from the areca nut husk, washed and treated with 5 % NaOH, some of the product was further treated separately with permanganate and benzoyl chloride to modify the fibre surface. As a result, considerable change in surface morphology of fibres was observed by SEM using an Evol 18 Zeiss scanning electron microscope (SEM). Lignin and hemicellulose contents were reduced by the alkali treatment as shown by the FT IR spectra recorded on a Tracer 100 Shimadzu spectrophometer. The thermal characteristics of the untreated and treated natural fibre was studied by TG TDA. The surface tension of the untreated and treated fibre (in the order given above) were found to be, 24.86, 25.86, 26.95 and 26.10 mN m-1 . Thus by the surface treatment, the fibre surface tension, was found to increase, which is favorable for a better fibre � matrix binding in a composite. Fibre diameter (by micrometer), fibre length (by vernier calliper) and aspect ratio of the untreated and treated fibre were found to be, respectively, 0.36, 0.38, 0.35 and 0.38 mm; 53.34, 56.61, 52.19 and 54.86 mm; 148.16, 148.97, 149.11 and 144.37. Water absorption property by soaking-squeezing method showed the water absorption % of the untreated and treated fibres at 6, 12 and 24 h, respectively, to be 277.64 , 292.17, 219.39 and 288.05 %; 268.45, 290.70 , 205.70 and 251.50 %; 250.95, 254.19 , 204.66 and 222.23 %, showing increase in water absorption of the fibre after alkaline treatment, but significant decrease by the permanganate treatment, which is good for resistance of the composite to moisture. The present study suggests improvement of fibre morphology and composition for the preparation of a useful composite material.	2020
1046	Kyu Kyu Aung	PREPARATIONS AND CHARACTERIZATIONS OF CHITOSAN, ZnO NANOPARTICLE AND CHITOSAN-ZnO NANOCOMPOSITE	In this research, chitosan was prepared from Metapenaeus dobosoni species (Pezun-phyu) shrimp shell wastes by using a chemical method. The preparation of chitosan process consists of four steps such as deproteinization, demineralization, decolouration and deacetylation, respectively. The prepared chitosan (CS) was matched with FT IR and XRD reports of the standard chitosan. The prepared CS was also characterized by SEM. The yield percent of CS and the degree of acetylation were observed as 27.82 % and 72 %, respectively. The moisture and ash percentage of CS were observed to be 8.6 % and 0.2 %, respectively. The average crystallite size of the CS was 12.20 nm. The micrographs of CS showed the layers of flakes, porous and cage like morphology. The ZnO nanoparticle was prepared by co-precipitation method. It was characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, FT IR and SEM. The average crystallite size of the prepared ZnO nanoparticle was 20.99 nm. According to the SEM, the prepared ZnO nanoparticle showed spherical shape, porous structure and irregular surface morphology. And then chitosan-ZnO (CS-ZnO) nanocomposite was also prepared by using co-precipitation method. The prepared CS-ZnO nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, FT IR and SEM techniques. The average crystallite size of prepared CS-ZnO nanocomposite was 13.78 nm. In the present study, antimicrobial activities on chitosan (CS), ZnO nanoparticles and prepared chitosan-ZnO (CS-ZnO) nanocomposite were compared.	2020
1047	Thin Thin Win	ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND IDENTIFICATION OF ISOLATED ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS FROM LEAVES OF ACACIA CONCINNA DC. (KIN- MUN- GYIN)	The leaves of Acacia concinna DC. (Kin-mun-gyin) are used as folk medicine for the treatment of jaundice, malarial fever, laxative, diarrhoea and boils. The Kin-mun-gyin leaves were chosen for determination of antibacterial activity and organic constituents. The plant sample was collected from Mingalardon Township, Yangon Region. The meso-tartaric acid and myristic acid were isolated from aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of Kin-mungyin leaves by column and preparative thin layer chromatographic methods. It was identified by UV, FT IR, 1H NMR, 1 3C NMR and ESI MS spectroscopic methods. Then, in vitro screening of antibacterial activity was done on four crude extracts (PE, EtOAc, EtOH and H2O) of Kin-mun-gyin leaves against 3 species of Staphylococcus aureus and 2 species of Escherichia coli, one species of Bacillus subtilis, one species of Proteus morganii and one species of Vibrio cholerae by employing agar disc diffusion method. Except PE extract, all of the crude extracts were found to exhibit the inhibition zones against all of the organisms tested. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of two isolated compounds were also determined by microplate dilution method on above 8 species of bacteria. The lowest MIC values of meso-tartaric acid and myristic acid from A. concinna leaves were respectively found to be 0.0058 mg mL-1 , 0.0937 mg mL-1 against S. aureus ws. From this study, it may be concluded that meso-tartaric acid and myristic acid possess antibacterial activities useful for the medicinal purposes for the curing of diseases caused by the microorganisms tested.	2020
1048	Latt Latt Chaw	KINETIC STUDIES OF ? -AMYLASE FROM IMMATURE SEEDS OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.	?-Amylases (1,4-?-D-glucan-glucanohydrolase EC 3.2.1.1) are found in human, several bacteria, yeast, fungi and seeds. This paper deals with the extraction of ?-amylase from developing seeds of white kidney bean and studies on its kinetic properties. ?-Amylase was extracted from immature white kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds by ammonium sulphate fractionation (20-60 %) and purified by gel filtration chromatography. The specific activity of purified ?-amylase was 1.20 unit per mg of protein. The purity of enzyme was confirmed by non SDS-PAGE as a single band. The molecular weight of purified ?-amylase was determined as 56.23 kDa. The optimum temperature and optimum pH for the ?-amylase were 50?C and 5.6, respectively. Kinetic parameters such as Michaelis-Menten constant Km and maximum velocity Vmax were 0.1267 x10-2 g mL-1 and 1.64 x10-5 M min-1 determined from a double reciprocal plot. Km and Vmaxvalues determined by other plots were also found to be comparable.	2020
1049	Chit Hnin Wai	PREPARATION OF HUMIC-CHITOSAN COMPOSITE AND ITS APPLICATION IN REMOVAL OF SULPHUR BLACK DYES FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION	Humic acid(HA) is a complex molecule that exists naturally in soils, peats, oceans and fresh waters. It is an excellent natural and organic compound to provide plants and soil with a concentrated dose of essential nutrients, vitamins and trace elements. In this research, HA was extracted from the peat collected from Moeswe Village, Oattara Thiri Township, Naypyitaw, Myanmar by alkali extraction method. The yield percents of HA was found to be (6.869)%. The extracted HA was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT IR). The spectroscopic analysis shows that HA contains carboxylic, phenolic and alcoholic functional groups. According to SEM image, HA possesses the voids and aggregate nature. The crystallographic information of extracted HA was investigated by XRD analysis. The nature of thermal stability of extracted HA as well as decomposition such as dehydration, liberation of volatile materials and combustion of HA were studied by Thermal Analysis. The extracted HA was composited with commercially available chitosan in three different weight ratios (1:1, 2:1 and 1:2). The composites were characterized by FT IR, XRD, SEM and TG-DTA spectroscopic methods. HA, commercially available chitosan and their composites were studied. The removal of sulphur black from aqueous solution by using humic-chitosan composite was examined. This research demonstrates that HA can be utilized as a solvent in the solving of environmental problems to some extents.	2020
1050	Than Than Nu	EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND ISOLATION OF SOME ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS FROM SEEDS OF Myristica fragrans Hott. (ZADEIK-PO)	The seeds of Myristica fragrans Hott. (Zadeik-po) are the chief ingredients in a variety of Myanmar Traditional Medicine Formulations (TMF). These formulations are generally used for the treatment of asthma, dysentery, diarrhoea, pneumonia, typhoid fever, hemolytic anemia and urinary tract infection. The Zadeik-po seeds were selected as plant material and collected from Mudon Township, Mon State. The research was focused on antibacterial activity of various extracts and isolation, identification of some organic constituents from Zadeik-po seeds. The polar, non-polar extracts and essential oil of Zadeik-po seeds were screened for antibacterial activity by agar disc diffusion method. The essential oil of Zadeik-po exhibited the pronounced antibacterial action against all tested 20 microorganisms. In addition, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of active essential oil of Zadeik-po were also determined by microplate dilution method on five bacterial strains. The lowest MIC values of essential oil was found to be 0.0625 mg mL-1 with Escherichia coli LT. ?-Pinene (0.5 %), Myristicin (0.03 %) and Eugenol (0.01 %) were isolated from essential oil of Zadeik-po by column and preparative thin layer chromatographic methods. They were identified by UV, FT IR, 1HNMR and GC MS spectroscopic methods. The isolated compounds also showed antibacterial property against the Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella boydii, Samonella typhi and Vibrio cholera. From these scientifically observations, it can be inferred that Zadeik-po seeds may be used in the formulation of medicine especially for the treatment of diseases related to bacterial infections.	2020

Research Publications

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research