Research List

No.	Researcher	Title	Abstract	Year
2471	Aung Kyaw Min1, Tin Aung Kyaw2, War War May Zin3, San San Aye4, Cho Cho Than5	ISOLATION OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM OROXYLUM INDICUM (L.) BENTH (KYAUNG-SHA) FRUITS AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES	This research focuses on the chemical and biological aspect of crude extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth (Kyaung sha) fruits. The endophytic fungi have been isolated from O. indicum (Kyaung sha) fruit by the direct method, followed by cultured in potato agar medium (PGA). Four endophytic fungi (EFK1, EFK2, EFK3, and EFK4) have been isolated from O. indicum (Kyaung sha) fruit. Preliminary phytochemicals, total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) have been carried out as chemical investigations. Showing the presence of alkaloids, ?�amino acids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, organic acids, phenolic compounds, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids, and the absence of starch in all tested samples. The total phenol contents of isolated fungi were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) method. Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxy benzoic acid), was used to construct a standard calibration curve for total phenol. TPC were expressed as a microgram of gallic acid equivalent per milligram of crude extract (?g GAE/mg). TPC (?g GAE/mg) were found to be highest in EFK2 (216.86 ? 0.66). The total flavonoids content (TFC) of isolated fungi were determined by using spectrophotometric method with aluminum chloride. The content of flavonoids was expressed in term of quercetin equivalent, mg of QE/g of extract. TFC (mg QE/g) was found to be highest in EFK3 (67.47 � 1.40). The four isolated fungi were observed to possess antioxidant capacity by the DPPH assay method. Among them, EFK 2 has more potent antioxidant activity (IC50 = 12.15 ?g/mL) than other tested samples. Moreover, anti-diabetic activity (expressed in terms of ?-amylase inhibitory) indicated that EFK 3 and EFK 4 possessed higher anti-diabetic activity (IC50 = 4.94 ?g/mL) than other tested samples. The four endophytic fungi were found to possess high activity against all tested microorganisms with the inhibition zone diameters ranging between 20 mm ~ 30 mm. All endophytic fungi have more portent antioxidant, antidiabetic and antimicrobial effects.	2025
2472	Kay Khine Win Swe1, Prema2, Ni Ni Than3	INVESTIGATION OF SOME BIOACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCONSTITUENTS FROM THE PEELS OF LITCHI CHINENSIS SONN. (LYCHEE)	The aim of the present work is to investigate the phytoconstituents, the total phenolic contents, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, antiarthritic activity, and anti-diabetic activity of Litchi chinensis Sonn. (Lychee) peels. Preliminary phytochemical screening by test tube methods revealed that alkaloids, ?-amino acids, carbohydrates, glycosides, organic acids, phenolic compounds, reducing sugars, saponins, starch, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and flavonoids are present and cyanogenic glycosides is absent in the sample. The total phenolic content of ethanol and watery extracts from Lychee peels was determined by the Folin Ciocalteu Reagent (FCR) method. Total phenolic content was found to be the highest in ethanol extract (114.86 ? 0.14) ?g/mL. In vitro antioxidant activity of ethanol and watery extracts of Lychee peels was assessed by the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. IC50 values were found to be 86.21 ?g/mL for the watery extract and 31.03 ?g/mL for the ethanol extract of Lychee peels. The cytotoxicity of the watery and ethanol extracts was evaluated by a brine shrimp lethality bioassay. From these results, the LD50 values of watery and ethanol extracts were found to be non-toxic at the 1000 ?g/mL concentration. In vitro antiarthritic activity of watery and ethanol extracts was screened by the egg albumin method. According to the data, ethanol extract (IC50 = 60.56 ?g/mL) has more potent antiarthritic activity than the watery extract (IC50 = 86.39 ?g/mL). In vitro ?-amylase inhibitory effect was determined by the starch-iodine method. The IC50 values were found to be 6.66 ?g/mL for the watery extract and 5.83 ?g/mL for the EtOH extract of the lychee peels.	2025
2473	Thwe Thwe Soe1, Saw Hla Myint2	ENHANCING RUBBER STOPPER PERFORMANCE: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF REINFORCEMENT WITH ALKALI TREATED ARECA NUT FIBER	The abundant availability of areca nut husks in Mone, Kyauk-kyi Township, Bago Region, as a byproduct from areca nut farming presents an opportunity for creating value-added materials of national significance. In this current research endeavor, the extracted fibers from these areca nut husks were subjected to a thorough washing followed by treatment them with a 5 % NaOH solution. Additionally, a portion of the resulting product underwent a separate treatment with permanganate to enhance the fiber's surface characteristics. The mechanical properties of the alkali treated areca nut fiber-rubber composite, intended for use in stoppers, exhibited impressive values, including hardness (52.6 IRHD), specific gravity (0.98), tensile strength (6.8 MPa), elongation at break (737.3 %), and tear strength (23.8 kN/m). These properties outperformed those of rubber alone, which had a hardness of 30.0 IRHD and a specific gravity of 0.97. Detailed analyses, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for assessing fiber dispersion in the composite, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT IR) for confirming composite formation, and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) for evaluating thermal behavior, conducted on the stopper composites show favorable results. Furthermore, chemical resistance tests demonstrated the stopper's compatibility with various substances, including water, alcohol, concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl), and moderately concentrated base solutions like 10 % NaOH and 10 % NH4OH. These findings strongly suggest that areca nut fibers are suitable for reinforcing natural fiber-rubber composites. This study successfully transforms biowaste areca nut husks into a valuable material, specifically stoppers, through composite fabrication with natural rubber.	2025
2474	Mya Theingi1	FACILE SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND OPTICAL PROPERTY OF CuO NANOPARTICLES	The synthesis of the cubic-like CuO nanoparticles was achieved by a green method using starch as the capping agent. Starch was extracted from avocado seed, and pH and moisture content of the extracted starch were determined. The extracted starch was then used to prepare CuO- starch composites by using a facile process. The aqueous solutions of 10, 20, and 30 % (w/v) CuCl2 were used not only as a precursor solution for the formation of CuO- starch composites but also as a solvent. The method involves first dissolving the starch in the three different concentrations of CuCl2 aqueous solutions, then adding NaOH to achieve a final pH value of 8.4. When the prepared composites were calcined at 500 �C for 4 h, CuO nanoparticles (CuO NP1, CuO NP2, and CuO NP3) were obtained. The prepared CuO nanoparticles were characterized by different techniques, including XRD, SEM, and FT IR. The average crystallite sizes of CuO nanoparticles were in the range of 33-42 nm. FT IR spectra exhibited only the Cu-O stretching vibrational mode. The CuO nanoparticles were used to investigate the optical property by UV-vis spectrophotometry. According to the UV-Vis spectra of the prepared CuO nanoparticles, the optical band gaps were found to be 3.8 eV for CuO NP1, 3.4 eV for CuO NP2, and 3.3 eV for CuO NP3.	2025
2475	Thu Zin Tun1, Yee Mun Than2, Ye Myint Aung3	CHARACTERISTICS OF SYNTHESIZED MAGNESIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES USING AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF OROXYLUM INDICUM (L.) AND ITS BIOACTIVITIES	The biological method to synthesize magnesium oxide nanoparticles with therapeutic and medicinal potential is a significant challenge in nanotechnology. In this study, to examine the efficacy of the aqueous leaf extract of Oroxylum indicum as stabilizing agents, they were mixed with MgSO4.7H2O (Epsom salt) precursor solution, followed by NaOH solution to form a precipitate of magnesium hydroxide. Then, the precipitates were calcined for 5 h, to synthesize MgO NPs. Modern techniques such as XRD, SEM-EDX, FT IR, Raman, UV-visible and TG-DTA were employed to characterize the synthesized MgO NPs. The produced nanoparticles were identified as pure MgO with a cubic structure and a spherical in shape, and ranged in size from 16 to 21 nm. Furthermore, this study has reported that the synthesized MgO NPs have excellent bioactivities (antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory) and revealed good results for biomedical applications.	2025
2476	Chit Lay Ko1, Jue Jue Khin2, Myat Kyaw Thu3, Ye Myint Aung4	ENZYMIC STUDY ON PECTINASE EXTRACTED FROM RED DRAGON FRUIT PEELS	The extraction of pectinase enzyme from red dragon fruit peels was done by using ammonium sulphate precipitation (20 ? 80 %) method, and then the purification of the enzyme was done by using the gel filtration chromatographic method on Sephadex G-100. The enzyme activity was measured by utilizing DNS method to detect the release of the reducing sugar group. Specific activity, protein recovery, and degree of purification were measured in each purification step. The pectinase enzyme was purified 6.49-fold over crude extract, and protein recovery was found to be 8.43 %. The Km values of the crude and partially purified pectinase enzymes were found to be 0.1992 � 10-2 g mL-1 and 0.358 � 10-2 g mL-1, respectively. The reaction order (n) of the pectinase-catalyzed reactions was found to be first order. The activation energy (Ea) of the partially purified pectinase-catalyzed reaction was lower than that of the crude pectinase-catalyzed reaction. Both crude and partially purified pectinase enzymes were used in the clarification of apple juice, and good results were observed.	2025
2477	May Zin Htay1, Yee Mun Than2, Ye Myint Aung3	STUDIES ON ENZYMATIC PROPERTIES OF PARTIALLY PURIFIED POLYPHENOL OXIDASE IN CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA L.) AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY	Extraction and purification of polyphenol oxidase from cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) were performed by ammonium sulphate precipitation (35-85 %) and gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-100. Polyphenol oxidase activity was determined using catechol as a substrate at 420 nm. The protein content was also determined by the Biuret method, using Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) at 550 nm. The optimum pH and temperature of both crude and partially purified polyphenol oxidase enzymes were found to be 7.0 and 40 �C, respectively. The activation energy of the crude polyphenol oxidase-catalyzed reaction was 9.33 kcal mol-1 and that of partially purified enzyme was 6.31 kcal mol-1. The Km (0.052 M) and Vmax (3.03 �10-5 M min-1) of partially purified polyphenol oxidase were determined by using the Lineweaver-Burk plot. The reaction order (n) of the polyphenol oxidase-catalyzed reaction was calculated by using the linear regression method and it was found to be first order for both crude and partially purified polyphenol oxidase. The crude polyphenol oxidase responded the highest antimicrobial activity against the eight microorganisms tested by the agar well diffusion method.	2025
2478	Moh Moh Htun1, Zaw Lin Aung2, Mar Mar Nyunt3	PURIFICATION, BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND PARTIAL STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL METABOLITES PRODUCED BY ASPERGILLUS TAMARII	The fungus Aspergillus tamarii was isolated from the soil sample of Pone Taung Pone Nyar Area, Magway Region. This fungus showed the antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The antibacterial metabolites against MRSA were isolated from the toluene extract of the fermented broth by column chromatography. Sephadex LH-20 resin columns were used finally to purify the metabolites. The active fractions eluted from theSephadex LH-20 column were separately combined and concentrated. These metabolites were checked for purity by thin layer chromatography (TLC), visualized under UV-254 nm and UV-365 nm light. Bioautography on TLC was also carried out to check the retardation factor (Rf) value and purity of the metabolites. From the chromatographic separations, 22.111 mg of metabolite-I and 21.026 mg of metabolite-II were obtained from 0.55 g of the toluene extract of fermented broth. From the physicochemical characterization, UV-vis, and FT IR spectra and comparison with FT IR library, metabolite-I may be a steroid derivative and metabolite-II may be an aromatic derivative compound containing alcohol and carbonyl groups.	2025
2479	Ko Ko Aung1, Sabai Phyu2, Su Myat Soe3	TREATMENT OF LOW QUALITY SOIL WITH PREPARED BIOFERTILIZERS AND CULTIVATION OF CUCUMBER, CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.	Fertilizer application is known to increase crop yields and mitigate net soil nutrient mining due to continuous removal. In this paper, the effect of three biofertilizers (C1, C2 and C3) containing (2:1:1), (1:2:1) and (1:1:2) in the ratio of chicken manure, coconut husk powder, rice husk ash and indigenous microorganisms is used as digestion agent. Cultivation of cucumber was carried out with three prepared biofertilizer with the help of fish amino acid as foliar spray and oriental herbal nutrient as insect repellent on low quality soil in Sidi Village, Bago Region. Physicochemical properties of ingredient of natural farming were measured. Field experiments were carried out at Sidi Village in Bago Region from 1st March 2022 to 15th April 2022. The effects of bio-fertilizers (C1, C2, C3 and Control) on growth, yield and plant morphology of cucumber were studied. In this study, the prepared biofertilizer �C1� is the best for cultivation of cucumber in summer. After harvesting, physicochemical properties, texture and nutrient values of the soil before and after cultivation were compared. Soil texture and nutrient values after cultivation were better than before cultivation. Therefore, the prepared biofertilizer C1 was used for treatment of low quality soil. This study concluded that application of biofertilizer significantly increases the yield, biomass production of the soil and was economically efficient.	2025
2480	Su Yi Mon1, Thandar Aung2	EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL, SCREENING OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF CITRUS MEDICA VAR. ACIDA BRANDIS (SHAUK THAKWA) LEAF	Citrus medica var. acida Brandis (Shauk thakwa), belonging to the Rutaceae family, has been chosen to investigate phytochemical constituents and some bioactivities. Firstly, preliminary phytochemical tests on C. medica leaves revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, reducing sugars, saponins, starch, steroids, tannins, and terpenes. The EDXRF elemental analysis showed that the leaves contained Ca, Al, K, and S as major elements. In the GC-MS analysis of the essential oil extracted by steam distillation method, the thirteen organic compounds detected (2.30 %) were 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone,-3 acetoxy-4-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl ethyl)-1-methyl-cyclohexene, (R)-(+)-citronellic acid, 2-(2 hydroxy-2-propyl)-5-methyl cyclohexan-1-ol, (E)-3-octadecence, octacosanol, methyl eugenol, benzyl benzoate, cis-9, 12-methyl linoleate, methyl (9E)-9-octadecenoate,di-isobutyl phthalate, heptadecan-1-ol and methyl stearate. The antimicrobial activity of leaves extracts in various solvents (pet-ether, ethyl acetate, 95 % ethanol, and water) was tested against six species of microorganisms: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aureginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, by the agar well diffusion method. It was found that the ethyl acetate extract (Inhibition zone diameter, 10 -14 mm) and watery extract (10 � 13 mm) exhibited antimicrobial activity against four tested microorganisms except C. albicans and E. coli. The 95 % ethanol extract exhibited the more potent antimicrobial activity (10 - 18 mm) against all tested microorganisms. In the screening of antioxidant activity, the watery extract (IC50 = 148.58 �g/mL) showed more antioxidant activity than 95 % ethanol extract (IC50 = 636.27 ?g/mL).	2025

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Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research