Research List

No.	Researcher	Title	Abstract	Year
2461	Aung Than Htwe1, May Thazin Kyaw2, Win Pa Pa Phyo2, Moh Moh Zaw3, Cho Mar Kyi3, Theint Yee Mon3	SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN BASED SILICA COMPOSITES DERIVED ASPARAGUS STALK END USED FOR REMOVAL OF CHROMIUM (VI) IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION*	The aim of the study was to prepare and characterize a chitosan based silica composite for the removal of Cr (VI) metal ions from aqueous solutions. In the current study, chitosan and silica were combined to prepare a chitosan-based silica composite with different mass ratios. Silica (SiO2) was obtained from the agricultural waste material of asparagus stalk ends. The prepared CS SiO2 composites were characterized by modern techniques like XRD, FT IR, SEM, UV-visible, and TG DTA analyses. The FT IR spectra showed the presence of new adsorption peaks (Si-O-Si bond), contributed by silica interaction with the hydroxyl group of chitosan. The study of morphology of the composite suggests that the SiO2 particles were within the range of 2�7 nm in diameter and were uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix. The thermal properties of these composite materials, indicated that the thermal stability of the chitosan was enhanced. Under the experimental conditions, which include pH of the solution, adsorbent dose, initial concentration, contact time the sorption properties of the CS-SiO2 composite was observed for efficient removal of Cr (VI) ions from the aqueous solution. The adsorbent CS-SiO2 composite showed a maximum removal percent of Cr (VI) ions of 94. 65 %. These findings suggested that silica obtained from asparagus stalk ends could be utilized to enhance chitosan characteristics, decrease agricultural waste dumping, and decrease Cr (VI) metal ions polluting water.	2025
2462	Prema1, Thet Thet Zaw2, Hla Ngwe3, Hiroyuki Morita4	ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION OF PHYTOCONSTITUENTS FROM THE RHIZOMES OF GLOBBA SHERWOODIANA (PADEIN-GNO) AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES*	The aim of the present study was to isolate and to identify the phytoconstituents from the rhizomes of Globba sherwoodiana (Padein-gno) and to screen their biological activities. The active CHCl3 extract of Padein-gno was separated by silica gel column chromatography which afforded four compounds namely campest-4-en-3-one (A, 4 mg, colourless needle crystal), stigmasta-4,22-dien 3-one (B, 15 mg, colourless needle crystal), stigmast-4-en-3-one (C, 8 mg, colourless needle crystal), and docosyl ferulate (D, 1.0 g, white amorphous powder). All of the isolated compounds, A?D were identified by modern spectroscopic techniques including FT IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HR ESI MS as well as by comparing with the reported data. The antiproliferative activity of the crude extracts of Padein-gno rhizomes and its constituents were screened against four human cancer cell lines [human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), human lung cancer cell line (A549), human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), and human gastric cancer cell line (GSU)] and normal human fibroblast cells (WI) by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dimethyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The screening results revealed that the CHCl3 extract showed a higher than the MeOH extract against all the tested cancer cell lines. In addition, the isolated compounds A to D also showed the potent activity with IC50 values ranging from 13.9 to 98.3 �g/mL. In the antibacterial activity, both of the crude extracts exhibited a moderate activity against Gram positive bacteria B. subtilis and S. aureus with MIC values ranging from 25.0 to 100 ?g/mL. The isolated compounds, A-C were found to show significant antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and S. aureus with MIC values ranging from 3.1 to 25.0 ?g/mL, respectively.	2025
2463	Sabai Phyu1, Khin Cho Thant2, Ni Ni Than3	PREPARATION AND UTILIZATION OF BIOSOLID FERTILIZER USING MUNICIPAL SEWAGE SLUDGE*	In the present work, biosolids were prepared from municipal sewage sludges. Municipal sewage sludge was treated to form biosolids by processes such as dewatering, sludge pasteurization, anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, composting, and storage. The different sewage sludge fertilizers, S1 and S2 were prepared. S1 contained only biosolid and S2 contained in the weight ratios of (1:1:1) of biosolid, rice husk ash and cocopeat. And then, some physicochemical properties and micro-macro nutrients of biosolids fertilizers were qualitatively and quantitatively characterized by EDXRF, AAS methods, and other conventional methods. By using biosolids fertilizer, a field experiment was conducted to test with mung beans. These mung bean seeds were collected from Yezin Agricultural University, Pyinmana Township, Naypyidaw. The field experiment was laid out using a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with six treatments (T1-T6). Physicochemical parameters and micro-macro nutrients of soil samples before sowing and after harvesting were analyzed. The results from the study indicated that the prepared biosolid fertilizers can effectively reduce the use of chemical fertilizers for the growth and production of mung beans. To know the presence of beneficial or non�beneficial microbes in biosolids, microbial tests were studied by total plate count methods.	2025
2464	Aye Aye Lwin1, Kay Thi Moh Moh Win2,Yin Yin Htun3, Akayi Chan Nyein Oo4, Phyu Phyu Aye5, Tin Oo Kyi6	NEEM LEAVES BASED ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR CULTIVATION OF PEANUT CROP IN SOIL FROM YENANCHAUNG TOWNSHIP	This research is concerned with the investigation of the preparation, and characterization of organic fertilizer from neem leaves, cow dung, and peanut shell. The raw materials were collected from the Yenanchaung Township. The organic fertilizers (OF) were prepared by three different weight ratios of neem leaves, cow dung, and peanut shell (100 kg: 100 kg: 100 kg) for OF-1, (125 kg:75 kg: 100 kg) for OF-2, and (150 kg:50 kg: 100 kg) for OF-3 respectively. The organic fertilizers were prepared by compost heap layer method. Field experiments were conducted in Kyawe-Pone Village, Yenanchaung Township, Magway Region to test the effect of organic fertilizer on the growth of peanuts with three treatments (T-1, T-2, and T-3) and a control. The highest yield of T-3 was 725.58 kg/ha, and the lowest yield of peanut in control was 543.49 kg/ha. In this work, the soil before cultivation and after harvesting was analyzed with regards to soil parameters. After harvesting nitrogen content, available phosphorus, and available potassium were higher in organic fertilizer-treated soil than before cultivation soil to maintain and sustain the soil fertility.	2025
2465	Yin Yin Myint 1, Naw Li Li Yan 2, Mya Thandar Aung 3, Ni Ni Than4	THREE FRIEDELANE TRITERPENOIDS FROM THE BARK OF SALIX ALBA L. (WHITE WILLOW)	White willow (Salix alba L.) grous throughout Africa, North America, Europe, and Asia. The genus Salix has traditionally been used in folk medicine for different kinds of pain due to the presence of salicylic acid. This paper highlights the isolation of three friedelane triterpenoids: 3-oxo friedelane (L-1, 0.006 %, m.pt 258-260 �C), 3-?-hydroxyl friedelane (L-2, 0.04 %, m.pt 275-277 �C) and 3 oxofriedelan-21-acetate (L-3, 0.046 %, m.pt 303-305 �C) from the pet ether extract of the bark of Salix alba L. These compounds were isolated using column chromatographic method and identified by FT IR, 1H NMR, and 13CNMR,	2025
2466	Aye Aye Thant1, Yi Yi Win2, Myint Myint Khine3, Ni Ni Than4	STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF AN ORGANIC COMPOUND AND ESTIMATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIARTHIRITIC ACTIVITIES OF BACOPA MONNIERI	The present research deals with the analysis to isolate and elucidate an organic compound and to assess the antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory activities of the aerial parts of Bacopa monnieri that were collected from Twantay Township, Yangon Region. By column and thin layer chromatography separation, the isolated compound structure was elucidated by physicochemical properties and modern spectroscopic techniques such as FT IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and ESI-MS spectrometry, as well as by comparing it with their reported data. In vitro, the anti inflammatory activity of ethanol and watery extracts was evaluated by a nitric oxide inhibition assay. These results did not significantly affect cellular nitric oxide production or cell viability because of cytotoxicity. The ethanol, watery extract, and an isolated compound (bacosine) were assessed for antiarthritic activity. Diclofenac sodium was used as the reference drug. In the egg albumin method, the bacosine compound (IC50 = 105.23 �g/mL) had a more significant antidenaturation effect than the ethanol extract (IC50 = 162.44 �g/mL) and watery extract (172.71 �g/mL). In the bovine serum albumin method, the bacosine compound (IC50 = 118.73 �g/mL) had a more significant antidenaturation effect than ethanol extract (IC50 = 180.58 �g/mL) and watery extract (299.24 �g/mL) compared with diclofenac sodium (IC50 = 73.44 �g/mL), respectively.	2025
2467	Thin Wut Soe1, Cho Lwin Lwin Khine2, May Zin Oo3, Su Su Aung4, Myat Myat Thaw5	SUN PROTECTION FACTOR EVALUATION OF PREPARED HERBAL SUNSCREEN CREAMS FROM Mansonia gagei J.R. DRUMM (KALAMET) STEM	In this project, Mansonia gagei J. R. Drumm (Kalamet) stem in the tropics of Myanmar is investigated for sunscreen creams preparation. The sample was collected from Kaunghmudaw Pagoda Market, Sagaing Region, in June 2023. The preliminary phytochemical tests revealed the presence of ?-amino acids, carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and saponins in the stem of M. gagei. In addition, sunscreen creams were prepared by maxing ingredients with water and ethanol extracts from selected sample for the protection of skin from UV radiation. Prepared herbal sunscreens were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics such as color, odor, appearance, homogeneity, consistency, washability, viscosity, skin irritancy, pH, and sun protection factor (SPF). Results showed that both herbal sunscreen creams had good consistency, easy washability, were within the permitted viscosity range, and contained no irritants. The pH values of the prepared sunscreen creams were observed not to be significantly changed during testing, and those were in the range of 6.4 to 6.6. SPF values of prepared sunscreen creams were observed to be 15.17 (cream-H2O) and 17.91 (cream-EtOH). The antibacterial activity of the prepared sunscreen creams against Staphylococcus aureus in topic therapy was investigated using the agar-well diffusion method. The inhibition zone diameters were found to be 11 mm (cream H2O) and 14 mm (cream-EtOH). In comparison to prepared creams, cream-EtOH was shown to be more stable, effective, with a high SPF, and potent antibacterial activity. It can enhance and effectively contribute to the UV-absorbing properties of conventional sunscreen. It could also have the greatest advantage of avoiding the adverse and undesired effects of synthetic sunscreen compounds.	2025
2468	Cho Lwin Lwin Khine1, Thin Wut Soe1, Su Su Aung2, Myat Myat Thaw3	SUN PROTECTION FACTOR EVALUATION OF PREPARED HERBAL SUNSCREEN GELS FROM PREMNA INTEGRIFOLIA L. (TAUNG-TAN-GYI) STEM	The present study focused on the preparation of herbal sunscreen gels from P. integrifolia stems. The qualitative preliminary phytochemical investigation was carried out by the reported chemical methods. The prepared herbal sunscreen gels by using watery and ethanol extracts were examined for evaluation parameters such as colour, odour, appearance, consistency, homogeneity, washability, pH, viscosity and sun protection factor (SPF). The prepared herbal sunscreen gels had a pleasant odour, smooth appearance, acceptable consistency, great homogeneity, ease of removal and brown for watery extract and yellowish brown for ethanol extract containing prepared gels. The pH of prepared gels was near skin pH, found to be 6.3 and 6.2 for watery and ethanol extracts containing gels. The viscosity results indicated that both of the two extracts using gels had > 5000 cP revealing the easy spreadability of gel application on the skin. The in vitro SPF values were found to be 16.16 and 13.89 for watery and ethanol extracts containing prepared gels, respectively, compared to marketed products (34.48) by using the UV spectrophotometric method. In vitro screening of antibacterial activity showed a mild antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus by the agar well diffusion method. Skin irritation tests exhibited no redness, edema, inflammation, or irritation in 10 volunteers (male/female) using patch tests. The prepared herbal sunscreen gels containing watery and ethanol extracts from P. integrifolia stem were effectively utilized as sunscreen with significant sun protection properties and were safe with respect to skin irritation and allergic sensitization. The result can form the basis for the development of novel broad-spectrum sunscreen formulations.	2025
2469	Mi Aye Aye Aung1, Kay Khine Nyunt2, Myint Myint Khine3, Ni Ni Than4	SCREENING ON CYTOTOXICITY, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANTIPROLIFERATIVE, AND ANTIARTHRITIC ACTIVITIES OF THE STEPHANIA VENOSA (BLUME) SPRENG. (TAUNG-KYA) TUBER	Stephania venosa (Blume) Spreng. (Taung-kya) belongs to the family Menispermaceae and is a rich source of alkaloids. The research focused on the screening of the cytotoxicity, anti inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antiarthritic activities of the tuber of S. venosa. The cytotoxicity activity of the watery and ethanol extracts determined by a brine shrimp lethality bioassay showed LD50 values > 1000 �g/mL, a non-toxic effect. The anti-inflammatory activity of the methanol and watery extracts of S. venosa was determined by inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production against LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The IC50 value of nitric oxide inhibition was found to be less than the IC50 value of cell viability. The watery extract showed mild antiproliferative activity against the A549 cell line with an IC50 value of 144.86 �g/mL. The watery extract was found to possess significant antiproliferative activity against the HeLa (Cervix cancer) cell line, with the IC50 value less than 20 �g/mL. Additionally, the methanol extract had significant antiproliferative activity against the A549 (Lung cancer) cell line, with an IC50 value of less than 20 �g/mL. But the methanol extract possessed weaker antiproliferative activity for HeLa (Cervix cancer) cell line, with IC50 values >200 �g/mL than the standard 5 FU (IC50 =19.06 �g/mL against Lung cancer cell line and IC50 =15.84 �g/mL Cervix cancer cell line). The antiarthritic activity of ethanol and watery extracts was determined by using fresh hen�s egg albumin denaturation method in different concentrations ranging from 50 to 1600 ?g/mL. According to the results, the IC50 values of ethanol and watery extracts were found to be 743 ?g/mL and > 1600 ?g/mL, respectively. Therefore, the two extracts showed lower antiarthritic activity than the standard drug diclofenac sodium (IC50 = 266 ?g/mL).	2025
2470	Khin Maw Maw1, Swe Zin Myint2, Saw Hla Myint3	A STUDY ON THE PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS, AND IDENTIFICATION OF ECHITAMINE ALKALOID OF ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS L. (TAUNG-MA-YO) BARK	Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br., commonly known as Taung-ma-yo, is a traditional plant renowned for its diverse range of biological activities. The present research work focused on the investigation of phytochemical constituents, screening of the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts, and the isolation and identification of echitamine alkaloid of A. scholaris bark. Preliminary phytochemical tests revealed the presence of alkaloids, ?-amino acids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, reducing sugars, saponins, tannins, steroids, and terpenoids in the bark. The antimicrobial activity of the ethyl acetate, 70 % ethanol, and watery extracts of the bark of A. scholaris was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method against six different microorganisms. Both ethyl acetate and 70 % ethanol extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 18 to 24 mm on all the tested microorganisms. The watery extract showed inhibition zone diameters of 12-17 mm against four microorganisms but it was not active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. One of the alkaloids, echitamine, was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the bark sample using column chromatography, and it was identified by FT IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectral data. This study also demonstrates that A. scholaris has high source of phytochemicals. Reported literatures showed that the isolated alkaloid, echitamine, does not protoplasmic poison and is used as an astringent herb.	2025

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