Research Publications

Academic theses and dissertations are regularly published and widely disseminated in YUOE Journal, Monographs, Universities Research Journal (URJ), Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS) Journal, AsTEN Research Journal and International online Journals for sharing knowledge and contributing to the development of our education.

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research

No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
1741 Myint Myint San MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF PHYSALIS MINIMA L. In this paper, the morphology and histological characters of Physalis minima L. have been carried to understand its cell structure and medicinal values. A medicinal plant of Physalis minima L. belonged to the family Solanaceae. It was commonly known as Bauk-pin or sunberry in Myanmar, Country gooseberry in English. This plant was collected from Tharketa Township, Yangon Region during the flowering and fruiting period. Then, the collected specimen was classified and identified to confirm the morphological and histological characters with the help of available literatures. In the study of morphological characters, the plant was herb, leaves alternate, cymose inflorescence, the flowers cream colour; bisexual; pentamerous; hypogynous, fruits globose enclosed by the calyx and seeds endospermic. In the anatomical study, the anisocytic type of stomata was present on both surfaces of leaves. The mesophyll cells were made up of palisade and spongy mesophyll cells in lamina. In the transverse section of midrib, it was nearly circular in outline. The vascular bundles were collateral type, tanniferous cells, prismatic crystals found in the parenchyma cells and unicellular hairs present on the epidermis. In transverse section of petiole, it was semicircular in outline, crescent shaped vascular bundles and unicellular hairs present on the epidermis. In transverse section of stem, more or less circular or irregularly quadrangular in outline, vascular bundles were collateral type, unicellular hairs present on the epidermis. In transverse section of roots, circular in outline, the cortex made up of parenchymatous cells and the vascular bundles were pentarch. In addition, the microscopical characters of powdered of the plant were also investigated for their standarization used in medicine. According to the result, vessels, tracheids, fibers, unicellular hairs and calcium oxalate crystals were observed in the powder sample. 2021
1742 Thida Oo AGRONOMICAL CHARACTERS OF Triticum aestivum L. CULTIVAR KYONE PHYU FROM SIX DIFFERENT COLLECTION SITES Wheat is grown on more land area than any other commercial crop and continues to be the most important food grain source for human. Triticum aestivum L. cultivar Kyone Phyu have been cultivated in Myanmar as a source of bread wheat since 1890. Spike morphology, seed fertility of these varieties were also studied in an attempt to determine the relationship between external appearances. Cultivars Kyone Phyu from six different collection sites such as Sintkaing, Wundwin, Sagaing, Chaung Oo, Monywa and Pindaya Township were collected and studied their morphological and yield characters. However, environmental factors, the degree day temperature, rainfall and relative humidity were also strongly affected on the formation of branching spikelets. It was observed that the above mentioned characters were varied among the samples collected from six growing different places. 2021
1743 Aye Aye Mar MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF BOESENBERGIA ROTUNDA (L.) MANSF. Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. is locally known as Seik-Phoo belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. These specimens were collected from Shwe-Thin-Phyu Village, Ye-Zin, Mandalay Region, in 2018. These plants have been used as a remedy in traditional medicine and also as vegetables and spices in the preparation of appetizing meal by local people in these collected areas. This study was conducted to identify the morphological and histological characters of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. In morphological studies, it is an aromatic perennial herb which has bright yellow rhizomes and finger-like tuberous roots; leaves alternate, biseriate; inflorescences spike, terminal on a leafy shoot; flowers pinkish purple, bisexual, irregular, epigynous. In histological studies, tetracytic stomata are present on both surfaces of lamina, midribs, petioles and leaf sheaths. The three types of vascular bundles such as main arc, abaxial arc and adaxial arc are also found in midribs, petioles and leaf sheaths. Prismatic calcium oxalate crystals and oil cells are found in lamina, midribs, petioles and leaf sheaths. Starch grains and oil cells are abundantly found in tuberous roots and rhizomes. In diagnostic characters, oil cells, fibers, fiber-tracheids and fragments of vessels (pitted, spiral thickening, reticulate thickening and scalariform thickening) are found in both powdered of aerial shoots and subterranean organs. Moreover, fragments of epidermal cells with stomata and calcium oxalate crystals (prism) are also found in aerial shoot while starch grains in subterranean organs. 2021
1744 Htet Htet Zaw ISOLATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE TERPENOID COMPOUNDS FROM CEPHALOSPORIUM SP. Endophytic fungal strain Cephalosporium sp. was isolated from the woods of Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.) Roem. For extraction, separation, isolation of ten-liter fermentation and antimicrobial activity of the fermented broth on eight test organisms were conducted at Microbiology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Yangon. Antimicrobial activity of the fermented broth indicated highly activity against eight test organisms. After fermentation, the filtrate was extracted on Ambilite XAD 16 resin column with methanol. The methanol extract showed good antimicrobial activity than on Aspergillus flavus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Malassezia furfur, Micrococcus luteus, Salmonella typhus and Staphylococcus aureus. Separation and isolation of the bioactive compounds from the methanol extract were carried out by using silica 34 gel columns with various solvent systems at Microbiology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Yangon. The seven compounds (A to G) were isolated from the methanol extract of 10 L fermentation. Among them, three terpenoid compounds were mentioned in this paper. Among the isolated compounds, the compound A, B and C were terpenoid compounds and they indicated antibacterial activity on five test organisms. Therefore, these compounds are good to inhibit diarrhea and fever on man as well as crown gall and leaf blight diseases on plants. 2021
1745 Htwe Htwe ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PATHOGENIC FUNGI INFECTED ON ORYZA SATIVA L. VAR. PAW SAN BAYKYAR IN MONYWA DISTRICT The study on the isolation and morphological characterization of pathogenic fungi infected plants of Oryza sativa L. (Paw San Baykyar rice variety) was carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany in Monywa University, Myanmar from June to November, 2018. The disease-infected plant samples were collected from the rice fields in Monywa District. The different cultural media of Low Carbon Agar (LCA), Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Water Glucose Agar (WGA) were used for the isolation of pathogenic fungal strains. The morphological characterization was studied on their colony morphology, macroscopical and microscopical characters. Total of 12 genera (Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Cercospora sp., Fusarium spp., Nigrospora sp., Sarocladium sp., Curvularia sp., Ustilaginoidea sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Cladosporium sp., Bipolaris sp.) and 13 pathogenic fungal strains (HH 01 - HH 13) were isolated and identified from leaves, leaf sheaths, grains and seeds of the disease-infected rice plants. The HH 01 strain as Alternaria sp., HH 02 strain as Aspergillus sp., HH 03 strain as Cercospora sp., HH 04 strain as Fusarium sp., HH 05 strain as Nigrospora sp., HH 06 strain as Sarocladium sp., HH 07 strain as Curvularia sp., HH 08 strain as Fusarium sp., HH 09 strain as Ustilaginoidea sp., HH 10 strain as Penicillium sp., HH 11 strain as Rhizopus sp., HH 12 strain as Cladosporium sp. and HH 13 strain as Bipolaris sp. were identified. 2021
1746 Kay Kay TAXONOMIC STUDY ON TEN SPECIES OF FABACEAE FROM PAUK TOWNSHIP, MAGWAY REGION Taxonomic study on ten species belonging to the family Fabaceae in Pauk Township was carried out. The flowering specimens were collected and identified from June 2019 to May 2020. Totally 8 genera were resulted. Five species are under the subfamily Caesalpinioideae and the other five species are under Papilionoideae. The caesalpiniaceous species are Bauhinia acuminata L., Bauhinia racemosa Lam., Parkinsonia aculeata L., Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. and Senna hirsuta (L.) Irwin & Barneby. The papilionaceous species are Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub., Crotalaria striata DC., Dalbergia oliveri Gamble ex Prain, Erythrina microcarpa Koord. & Valeton and Millettia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi. Among the study species, 6 species are trees, 2 species are shrubs and 2 species are herbaceous. The leaf types of 8 species are compound and the other 2 species are simple leaves. The taxonomic descriptions of each species were described with their respective figures. Myanmar name, English name and Flowering period have been mentioned. An artificial key to the genera and species were constructed. It is hoped that the present research will provide the valuable information for further studies and will support in teaching to the students. 2021
1747 Khin Mar Kyu MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF DOLICHANDRONE SPATHACEA (L.F.) K. SCHUM. Myanmar traditional medicine is practically and widely well accepted to many local people. Dolichandrone spathacea (L.f.) K. Schum. was utilized effectively for hepatitis and liver cancer. As such morphological and histological studies of this plant were investigated to certain it identification. The specimen was collected from Hta Ma Kan village, Aung Lan Township, Magway Region in july, 2018. The collected plant was identified according to standard procedures. The morphological and histological studies were also carried out by using available literatures at Department of Botany, West Yangon University. Dolichandrone spathacea (L.f.) K. Schum., locally known as Tha-kut belongs to the family Bignoniaceae. In Morphological study, this plant was a tree with unipinnately compound leaves, exstipulate. Inflorescences were terminal, corymbose. Flowers were white, fragrant. The fruits were capsule. Seeds were rectangular, membranous winged testa, nonendospermic. In histological study, epidermal cells of both surfaces were polygonal in shape with slightly wavy anticlinal walls. Stomata were found only on lower surface and anisocytic type. Calcium oxalate crystals were present in leaves. Simple unicellular trichomes and glandular peltate trichomes were present on the surfaces of leaves and stems. The powdered samples have been investigated and presented as diagnostic characters for the standardization of powdered drugs. 2021
1748 Khin Than Oo EXTRACTION, ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PHYTOCONSTITUENTS FROM THE LEAVES OF CORDIA DICHOTOMA G.FORST. The present study was the phytochemical analysis of the leaves from Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. (Boraginaceae). It was collected from Loilem Township, Southern Shan State. Cordia is one of most important genus of family Boraginaceae and involves a wide range of therapeutic uses in traditional medicine. Cool extraction method was followed to prepared the extracts, followed by standard phytochemical methods to identify the phytoconstituents present in it. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Column chromatography studies were then done for the confirmation and quantification of phytoconstituents. The defatted methanol extract (8 g) was fractionated by Column Chromatography method. The isolated compounds were identified by TLC, Rf value, melting point, UV and FT IR spectroscopic analysis. It was found that the isolated compound A, steroidal glycoside (Rf value 0.56, yield 0.032 %) was obtained from Fraction I, compound B, lupeol (melting point 215°C, Rf value 0.48, yield 0.005%) from Fraction IV and compound C, quercetin (melting point 321°C, Rf value 0.38, yield 0.014 %) from Fraction V. The presence of steroidal glycoside, lupeol and quercetin are indicative of potential for medicinal use of this plant. 2021
1749 Moe Moe Win ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ISOLATED ANTIFUNGAL COMPOUNDS FROM SOIL BACTERIUM PSEUDOMONAS SP. The focus of the present research, the bacterium Pseudomonas sp, isolated from mangrove soil, Shwe thaung yan Township, Ayeyawady Region. It was carried out by paper chromatography with four solvents system. The bacterial culture filtrate was studied by the different ratio of ethyl acetate and fermented broth (1:1, 2:1, 3:1 v/v). The equal ratio (1:1 v/v) ethyl acetate extract showed higher inhibitory effect (19.79 mm) than the other ratio. Crude ethyl acetate extract 2.0 g was obtained from 10 liters of fermented broth with ethyl acetate (1:1 v/v) and subjected to purification was performed using both thin layer chromatography (TLC) method with various solvents system and silica gel column chromatography techniques. By silica gel column chromatographic separation, compound M-1 (colorless needle shape, 1.1 mg, may be sterol), compound M-2 (colorless amorphous powder, 5.6 mg, may be steroid) and compound M-3 (colorless amorphous powder, 5.8 mg, may be steroid) in chloroform: methanol solvent system were isolated. These isolated compounds were characterized by Rf value, physicochemical properties, modern spectroscopic methods such as UV and FT IR. In the further investigation of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), it was observed that MIC value of antifungal compounds M-1 and M-2 were 1.25 µg/ mL and 0.625 µg/mL respectively but M-3 did not exhibit antifungal activity against Candida albicans in this experimental concentration range from 20 µg/mL to 0.078 µg/mL. In the present result, indicated that the selected bacterium Pseudomonas sp. may be utilized to treat the diseases caused by Candida albicans. 2021
1750 Nway Darli Ko ISOLATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS, NF-01 FROM CROTON ROXBURGHIANUS N.P.BALAKR. A total of 20 endophytic fungi were isolated from three different plants, Croton roxburghianus N.P.Balakr (Thet-yin-gyi) , Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) H. Ohashi. (Lauk-thay), Cassia siameaL. (Mezali) collected from Pathein Township. In the investigation of antimicrobial activities of 20 endophytic fungi with ten kinds of test organism, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Aspergillus paraciticus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus were used for the test throughout the research studied. In this study, endophytic fungi NF-01(27.85mm) and NF-07(26.67mm) showed highly activity against Bacillus subtilis. Among them, fungus NF-01 isolated from Croton roxburguianus n.p.balakr. was screened for further investigation based on the results of maximum inhibition against Bacillus subtilis. In the investigation of carbon and nitrogen sources utilization, the excellent growth of NF-01 fungus was found on carbon sources such as glucose and glycerol; nitrogen sources were yeast extract and peanut cake. 2021