Research Publications

Academic theses and dissertations are regularly published and widely disseminated in YUOE Journal, Monographs, Universities Research Journal (URJ), Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science (MAAS) Journal, AsTEN Research Journal and International online Journals for sharing knowledge and contributing to the development of our education.

Myanmar Academy of Art & Science List of Research

No. Researcher Title Abstract Year
1141 Sin Myat Zin Bar OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS CONDITIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CHITOSAN FROM SHRIMP SHELL Natural polymers viz., chitin and its deacetylated derivative form, chitosan consist of ?-(1-4)- linked D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (acetylated unit). Chitin and chitosan were prepared from shrimp shell by demineralization, deproteinization and deacetylation. Effects of demineralization, deproteinization and deacetylation conditions on their preparations were studied. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) method was used to study the correlation between degree of deacetylation (DD) and crystallinity of the extracted chitin and chitosan. The functional groups and the effect of deacetylation of the extracted samples were studied by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The viscosity average molecular weight of chitosan was determined depending on the different deacetylation time. The changes in surface morphology between the extracted chitin and deacetylated chitosan were studied by SEM techniques. 2020
1142 Ei Ei Sann CHARACTERIZATION OF EXTRACTED NATURAL COLOUR FROM CAPSICUM AND ITS APPLICATION IN FOOD PRODUCT Natural colour, a kind of high-quality natural dye, has a great interest as an alternative colourant to use in food products. This work aims to design a strategy for the preparation of free-flowing colour powder from dried capsicum by encapsulating the capsanthin (colour compound) with the coating material. In this work, firstly, 72.63% of capsaicin (piquancy) was eliminated using 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution. The piquancy-eliminated capsanthin colour compound was extracted under various conditions to optimize the extraction process. The colour value and capsanthin content were calculated by the ASTA analytical method and Beer-Lambert Law respectively, using the absorbance measured at the wavelength 460 nm throughout this research. Additionally, the microencapsulation process of oily-capsicum paste was implemented by coating with gum arabic (GA) on the oily-capsicum particles to improve the appearance and ease of handling. The colour value and capsanthin content of encapsulated powder are 143.17±3.46 and 22.89±0.44 mg g -1 . The solubility of encapsulated powder was found 100% in water. The resultant data have proved that this colour could have a natural colouring material giving an added value to the various food products. Therefore, this capsicum colour can be used in the food industry as an alternative to synthetic dye. 2020
1143 Yin Mar Naing STUDY ON DRYING CHARACTERISTICS AND NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF WHITE RADISH BY SOLAR CABINET DRYERS, TRAY DRYER AND OPEN SUN DRYING METHODS Solar energy, a form of sustainable energy, has been claimed as a great potential for drying of fruits and vegetables since it is naturally accessible. Solar dryers using natural convection or forced convection are used for drying of agricultural products. In this research, white radishes were dried by distributed solar cabinet dryer (DSCD), forced convection solar cabinet dryer (FCSCD), Tray Dryer (TD) and by sun drying (SD). The dryers were fabricated by locally available materials such as plywood, corrugated galvanized iron sheet and glass. The dry bulb and wet bulb temperature ( oC), relative humidity (%) and rate of drying (g/hr. sq.cm) were determined as drying characteristics during the drying process. A rather effective of solar radiation in lowest tray of DSCD and FCSCD was observed. The effects of four drying method on the physicochemical properties and nutritional values, minerals and heavy metals constituents and rehydration ratios of dried white radishes were investigated and compared with fresh and commercial products. The determination of water activity and microbial load were examined to extend the shelf-life of dried products. The organoleptic properties of rehydrated white radish were also determined by 9-point Hedonic Scale Rating Test. The findings suggested that the commercial scale use of DSCD for drying of vegetables during off-season. 2020
1144 Zar Che Win STUDY ON PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF WHITE BAMBOO CHARCOAL In this research work, the physico-chemical characteristics (moisture, ash, volatile matter, lignin content, etc,.) of two types of bamboo Kyakhatwa (Bambusa arundinacea), Kyathaungwa (Bambusa Polymorpha) were determined and they were used to prepare white charcoal by forced air type updraft kiln and by makeshift furnace. The physico-chemical properties of prepared white charcoal samples were compared with those of the commercial white charcoals from Japan and Myanmar. The morphological analysis of prepared charcoals and commercial white charcoals was conducted by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) method. The decolourization property of prepared white charcoals and commercial white charcoals was determined by using 0.01M potassium permanganate solution. According to the results, charcoal made by makeshift furnace from Kyathaungwa (Bambusa polymorpha) was found to have the highest fixed carbon content (86.24 %w/w) among the charcoals samples made by different methods and also higher than that of two commercial white charcoals. All white charcoal samples prepared from bamboo had a greater number of pores than commercial white charcoal. Therefore, the absorption capacity for decolourization of the prepared white charcoal was higher than that of both commercial white charcoals. 2020
1145 Htet Htet Aung A STUDY ON THE PREPARATION OF MODIFIED STARCH FROM BROKEN RICE This research was emphasized on the preparation of modified broken rice starch using both acid treatment method and cross-link method. Broken rice (Paw Hsan Hmwe) was collected from Bago Township, Bago Region. The most suitable parameters for the preparation of native starch were 1:8 (w/v) ratio of broken rice to water at 4 hr settling time. The optimum conditions for the preparation of modified broken rice starch by acid treatment were 1 mL of 10% HCl, 1mL of 1% NaOH at reaction temperature 65?C for 15 min of reaction time. In cross-link method, the optimum parameters were 5mL of 2.5% sodium tripolyphosphate,5mL of 1% NaOH, 5mL of 5 % HCl at 45?C for 10 min. The characteristics of modified starch such as ash, moisture, pH and gelatinization temperature, solubility, swelling power, amylose and amylopectin content were determined. The morphology properties, molecular components and structures of native and modified broken rice were determined with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and FT-IR Analysis. 2020
1146 Zaw Myo Naing FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY LEVEL TEACHERS (ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING)* The main aim of this research is to explore the professional development factors for primary level English language teachers. The specific aims are 1) to explore the factors affecting the professional development of primary level English language teachers 2) to explore the teaching competencies for primary level English language teachers 3) to study the extent of professional development practices of primary level English language teachers 4) to study the extent of English language teaching practices of primary level English language teachers 5) to study the variations of English language teaching practices according to the teachers’ personal factors 6) to study the variations of professional development practices according to the school related factors 7) to develop a professional development model for primary level English language teachers. Explanatory sequential mixed methods design was used in this study. The total number of participants included in this study was 511. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the professional development factors and teaching competencies for primary level English language teachers. Interviews and classroom observations were also conducted to observe the teachers’ practices on professional development factors and English Language Teaching at the primary level. The identified professional development factors were English Language Teaching (ELT) workshops and meetings, collective teaching practices, principal’s leadership support, self-directed professional development and analysing critical incidents. Also, the observed teaching competencies were knowledge of content, knowledge about students, creating effective learning environment, instructional delivery and assessment of student learning. With the aim of improving English Language Teaching at the primary level, the proposed professional development model with the inclusion of the five validated professional development factors and the five validated teaching competencies was revealed. 2020
1147 Nan Su Myat Thin A STUDY OF BEGINNING TEACHERS’ CHALLENGES IN BASIC EDUCATION HIGH SCHOOLS The main aim of this study is to study the beginning teachers’ challenges in Basic Education High Schools in Thaton, Belin and Paung Townships. Quantitative method and qualitative method were used in this study. All beginning teachers were selected as subjects from Thaton, Belin and Paung Townships (37 Basic Education High Schools), using the census method. This questionnaire included demographic data, work-related challenges items, social challenges items and openended questions. The Cronbach’s alpha (?) of the whole scales of beginning teachers’ challenges was 0.89. Descriptive statistics, Independent Samples t test, One-way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey HSD were used to analysis the data in this study. Interview was conducted for 12 beginning teachers (four beginning teachers from each township). In this study, beginning teachers’ challenges in Basic Education High Schools were determined by mean scores responses on the questionnaires items. Beginning teachers’ challenges in Basic Education High Schools in this study was moderately low challenge (mean=2.23, SD=.24). Beginning teachers’ work-related challenges was moderately high challenge (mean=2.58, SD=.26) and beginning teachers’ social challenges was moderately low challenge (mean=2.02, SD=.29). There were no significant differences in beginning teachers’ challenges grouped by gender, grade, subject, school size and teaching experience. There was significant difference in beginning teachers’ work-related challenges grouped by township. According to qualitative data obtained by open-ended questions, the ways to overcome the challenges of beginning teachers were expressed. Other besetting challenges of beginning teachers in their first positing were overcrowded class and shortage of teacher, transportation, difficulties related with livelihood and health, and insufficient school plant. 2020
1148 Paing Aung Soe RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRINCIPAL’S PARTICIPATORY MANAGEMENT AND TEACHERS’ ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT The purposes of this study are to investigate the levels of principal’s participatory management, the variations of principal’s participatory management, the levels of teachers’ organizational commitment, the variations of teachers’ organizational commitment and relationship between principal’s participatory management and teachers’ organizational commitment in Basic Education High Schools. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted. Seven principals and 180 teachers were selected as subjects by using purposive sampling. One set of questionnaire with two portions was used. For quantitative study, 59 items with four point Likert scale were used to collect data. For qualitative study, 6 open-ended questions were used. In order to obtain content validity of the questionnaires, expert review was conducted to experienced educators from Department of Educational Theory, Yangon University of Education. The reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) for the whole scale was 0.89. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation were employed to analyze data in quantitative study. The findings showed that the level of principal’s participatory management in Myanaung Township was high. There were significant differences grouped by years of service as a principal and marital status. The level of teachers’ organizational commitment in Myanaung Township was moderate. There was a significant difference grouped by years of service in current school. There was a positively low relationship between principal’s participatory management and teachers’ organizational commitment. 2020
1149 Su Su Aung RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-EFFICACY OF TEACHERS AND WORKING CONDITIONS The objectives of this research are to study the levels of self-efficacy of teachers, to study the levels of teachers’ perceptions on their working conditions and to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy of teachers and working conditions in Basic Education High Schools, Sittwe Township, Rakhine State. A total of 210 teachers from Basic Education High Schools, Sittwe Township, Rakhine State were selected as participants by using the simple random sampling method. Quantitative and qualitative methods were employed in this study. Self-efficacy of teachers was based on the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) and working conditions was based on the Teaching, Empowering, Leading and Learning (TELL) Survey. The reliability coefficients (Cronbach’s alpha) were 0.90 for self-efficacy of teachers and 0.92 for working conditions. For qualitative study, open-ended questions were conducted. Descriptive statistics and Pearson product-moment correlation were used to analyze the data in this study. As a result of descriptive statistics, the levels of self-efficacy of teachers in Basic Education High Schools were found as high level (M=3.73, SD= 0.41). The levels of teachers’ perceptions on their working conditions were high level (M=3.74, SD=0.39). Positively moderate correlation was found between the two major constructs of self-efficacy of teachers and working conditions (r=0.457, p=0.01). The qualitative results also revealed that teachers’ working conditions could orient towards improving self-efficacy of teachers. 2020
1150 Khin Htet Htet Htun RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRINCIPALS’ DECISION-MAKING STYLES AND TEACHERS' JOB SATISFACTION The main aim of this research is to study the relationship between principals' decision-making styles and teachers' job satisfaction. The specific aims of this research are to find out the decisionmaking style that the principals mostly use as perceived by principals and teachers, to investigate the levels of teachers' job satisfaction perceived by themselves, to investigate the variations of the levels of teachers' job satisfaction in terms of their personal factors, and to investigate the relationship between principals' decision-making styles and teachers' job satisfaction. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in this study. In total, eight principals and 217 teachers from eight Basic Education High Schools in Bago Township, Bago Region were selected as subjects by using the purposive sampling method. The General Decision-making Style (GDMS) Questionnaire and Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) Questionnaire were used. The Cronbach's alpha (?) of the whole scales of decision-making styles was 0.74 and that of the whole scales of teachers’ job satisfaction was 0.82. Descriptive statistics, One-Way ANOVA and Pearson correlation, using SPSS version 25 were used. Interviews were conducted with three principals and nine teachers. The results show that the principals mostly used rational decision-making style and the level of teachers' job satisfaction was moderately high. There was no significant difference in the perceived level of overall job satisfaction among the teachers grouped by age, rank, academic qualification, total years of service and years of service in current school. There were significant differences in the perceived level of overall job satisfaction among the teachers grouped by years with current principal. There were significant positive relationships between principals' decision-making styles (rational and dependent) and teachers' job satisfaction. But, there was a significant negative relationship between principals' spontaneous decision-making style and teachers' job satisfaction. 2020