Abstract

• Livelihoods encompass how different people make a living depending on where they live. Livelihood system which is sustainable or vulnerable can be determined based on the degree of resilience and sensitivity. Ruby mining in Bawlonegyi village is facing with challenges in livelihood. This study aims to investigate the vulnerability of livelihoods in ruby mining community. The specific objectives are to illustrate the consequences of ruby mining that generated vulnerable livelihood condition and to analyze households’ livelihood strategies that are coping local people. In this research, qualitative research method especially ethnographic research approach was mainly applied. In collecting ethnographic data, research methods such as observation, participant observation, key informant interview (KII) and in-depth interview (IDI) were used. Research subjects are the village abbot, village heads, village elders, local people who conducted various economic activities and other knowledgeable persons who can explain about necessary data. This research was conducted from 2019 to 2022. Although the locals could operate small-scale ruby mining freely prior to 1962 in earthen pit, in later times they could no longer mine freely. In 1991, small-scale mining permits were granted and after 2006, the large-scale mining was granted a permit due to the policy changes. Because of these conditions, locals faced with difficulties in their traditional livelihoods. Thus, local coped with various livelihood strategies such as diversification of economic activities, migration, agriculture and also investment in education for their future generations.