Abstract

• Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) play a key role in supporting a developing, market-oriented economy. This paper explores Myanmar’s transition from a declaration-based trademark system to a modern first-to-file registration framework under the 2019 Trademark Law. The reform is essential for aligning with international standards, including the TRIPS Agreement and the Paris Convention. Although the new law provides a framework for substantive examination, there is many legal and administrative challenges in its practical implementation faces. This study examines transitional issues such as the appointment of representatives or agents, determining effective filing dates, particularly for pre-existing marks, and streamlining registration procedures. This paper indicate that successful implementation depends not only on legal provisions but also on strengthening public and administrative awareness and establishing clear, efficient administrative rules to address practical obstacles and ensure effective, nationwide trademark protection in Myanmar.